Biography yeMatilda Kshessinskaya

Igama leli qalo lokuqala nelokugqibela le-ballerina ye-ballet yaseRashiya yaseRashiya ixhaswa ngolu hlobo lweentengiso, iziganeko kunye neentlanzi. Ubomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kwinqanaba lalingenakulinganiswa ngokucacileyo kunye nentsapho yasebukhosini. I-ballet yaseRussia yadalwa njengesihlwele kubantu ngabanye baseburhulumenteni begazi, naye wayekho ngeendleko zabo, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba abaninzi abantu abawaziwayo nabangabonakaliyo barderinas babethanda abantu abanezithsaba. Ngokukodwa kule ndawo ndiyakhumbula i-ballerina yaseKshesinskaya eyaziwayo.

UMatilda Kshesinskaya wayengumfazikazi wenene wasePetersburg Ballet, wazisa kulo mqondo we-prima ballerina yena kwaye wahlala naye de kube sekupheleni kwexesha lama-tsarist eRashiya. Ngaloo mfazi kwakukho amahemuhemu ukuba akayithandi enye ye-ballerinas ukusuka kwiminithi yokuqala yokuthetha yakhe inokuyithatha i-public.

U-Kshessinskaya ngokwakhe uxelele ukuba xa efika kwindawo, uyazi ukuba phakathi kwabo babukele ukusebenza kwakhe yibo abathandayo, kwaye xa efika kwisiteji yena waloo nxalenye yabaphulaphuli ubonisa ukuba uyadansa, kuphela.

UMatilda Kshessinskaya ngelo xesha akazange abe yinto yokuqala ye-balma yeRashiya yaseRussia, kodwa wancinca intliziyo yekamva uNksz Nicholas II. Eli bhinqa lazi ukukhawulela abantu bokumkani ngomdaniso wakhe, ngenxa yalowo wawanikezelwa nje ukuba yi-ballerina enkulu, naye wayengumfazi ongowona kuphela we-tsar, kodwa no-Grand Duke uSergey Mikhailovich, kwaye oku akuyiyo irekhodi yonke yokunqoba kwaloo mandla okuqala ngeleko yowesifazane.

I-ballerina yokuqala yekamva kwiRashiya yaseRashiya yazalwa kwintsapho yasePolle eyayidansa kwi-Imperial Theatre, kwaye unina wayengumdanso odansa kwindawo efanayo. Wayeneenkcukacha eziphathekayo, kwaye njengomntwana wabonisa inzala kwibhalti, ngoko ubawo wayilungiselela isikolo esikolweni.

Wafunda ngokunyanisekileyo, kwaye kwi-ballet yokugqibela yesikolo, apho afunde khona, intsapho yonke ephathekayo yafika. Wayemthanda yena kanye ukumkani, waza waba ngumlandeli kaNikki. Phakathi kwendlalifa kunye neRussia ballerina, iveli yavela, ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside, kodwa yayinobudlova kwaye yayixutyushwa kakhulu kuluntu.

Ekuqaleni, indlalifa ethempelini yaya kwi-polka ballerina itiye, kamva wamnika imali yokuqashisa indlu yokunethezeka, apho iintlanganiso zabo zaqhubeka khona. Wamphakamisa ngeentyantyambo, izipho, ukuvuma ngothando, kodwa ... Kwakuyiminyaka kwaye wayebandakanyeke noAlice waseHesse, owathi wajika waba ngu-Alexandra Feodorovna.

I-ballerina yayinzima ngexesha lokuphuka, kodwa akazange anikeze inceba (wayesazi ke ngoko ngo-1918 isibini sonke saseburhulumenteni, kuquka nomncintiswano, sasiza kudutshulwa, mhlawumbi sasingeke sihlangane nabameli beentsapho zobukhosi.

Ngozuko lwe-coronation, uNicholas II wanikezwa umsebenzi omkhulu, kwaye ke, wayengenayo ukumenywa kumaqela ahamba phambili, kodwa wenza oku. Imfihlelo ye-Kshesinskaya impumelelo kwi-ballet kukuba idansa ngentshiseko kunye nemvakalelo, kwaye ayifani ne-dolckwork doll. Kwaye i-gastrolers ephezulu yaseNtaliyane yanciphisa. Eli bhinqa litsalane nabantu abahloniphekileyo ngokuziphatha kwakhe ngokwesini, okwakuboniswa ngobuchule ngebhalethi. Wayehlonishwa ngeendumiso ezinkulu ebomini njengebhola le-ballerina kwaye ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe waba yinkwenkwezi ye-mega.

Ngoko, uMatilda owashiywa akazange akhathazeke ixesha elide, ekubeni wayexhaswe ngazo zonke iindlela, uNkosana Sergey Mikhailovich uzame ukumxhasa, wamthenga indlu, kamva waba negalelo ekuthengweni kwesitishi samandla, kwaye xa engekho, waqhubeka emkela abantu abamdumisayo ababemnike . I-Kshesinskaya yayinomnotho kakhulu, kuba zonke izipho ezazinikwa kuye kanye zangena kwirejista ekhethekileyo, lo mgaqo wongezwa nakwimpahla yakhe, wayekuthanda kakhulu ukugqoka, kwaye ukuba kwakulula ukwenza ikiti, zonke izinto zanikwa inani labo.

I-Kseshinskaya yayinokuthi nayiphi na ixesha iphendukele kubaphathi bayo abakhulu malunga nokuba yiyiphi isizathu, ngandlela-thile, ngenxa yayo, nangona umlawuli we-Imperial Theaters, uNkosana Volkonsky, washiya (wamnika intlawulo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthobela umyalelo wakhe, wayekhononda apho kuyimfuneko kwaye wayicima, kodwa wanyanzeleka ukuba kuhoxisa).

Kwixesha lokutya lokutya emva kokuncedwa kwakhe, wadibana no-Grand Duke u-Andrei Vladimirovich (unyana wakhe umlingane uMninkulu uDuke Vladimir Alexandrovich), olu qhelana lwaqalisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba luthandane, ngenxa yoko i-prima ballet yakhulelwa.

Wayefihla ngokukhawuleza ukukhulelwa kwakhe kwaye malunga neenyanga ezi-6 akukho mntu wayazi ngayo. Ngo-1902 wazala unyana kaVladimir.

Ngemva kokuzalwa kukaVladimir, uMkhulu uDuke uSergei Mikhailovich akazange amnike umtshato wakhe ngokungathandabuzekiyo, wavuma ukuvuma uVladimir njengonyana wakhe, kodwa uMatilda wayekulindele isipho esivela ku-Andrei, kwaye wayesehlawule.

Ngenxa yoko, waqala umcimbi kunye nomlingani wakhe kwi-ballet, uPyotr Vladimirov, owathi, njengoko wayevuma, wayemhle kwaye wamthabatha kwinqanaba njengokungathi iglasi ye-champagne. Isiphumo salo mcimbi kwakukuthi uMkhulu uDuke noAndrei Vladimirovich wayebethunjiswe nomthandi wakhe umfazi, ngenxa yoko, le nto yabandezeleka.

UMatilda unelungelo elikhethekileyo lokudansa kuphela iinyanga ezimbalwa zonyaka, kunye nexesha elizeleyo ukuze aphile ngokuzonwabisa. Umlawuli omtsha we-Imperial Theaters akazange afune inkululeko ye-ballerina ukuba ayibeke ngokuthobeka, wayechasene nelokuba ngaphandle kokubambisana kunye neentombi ezimbini ezikhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo uyayichaza, kodwa akukho mntu uyayivimbela, kwaye wonke umntu uyavuyiswa nale nto yokunyaniseka.

U-Kshesinskaya wayengummamkeli omhle, emva kokuzakhela indlu eyayibizwa ngokuba yiKshesinskaya Palace, waqala ukuyixhobisa ngefenitshala eyenziwe ngokwemigqaliselo ye-Kshesinskaia ngokwalo, kunye nokufutshane neli bhotwe kwakukho izixhobo zobuchwepheshe eziye zaphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kweso sakhiwo sonke. Ngelo xesha, le nto yayicatshulwa ngokucokisekileyo ngumnini ngokwakhe.

Kwintendelezo ka-1914, iMfazwe Yehlabathi I, uMatilde wayesele sele engaphezu kwama-40 kwaye wayesehlabathini elithile, apho yonke into ingenakuqina kwaye ingaqiniseki. Walungiselela isibhedlele kufuphi nendlu yakhe kwaye wamnika ukusebenza kokugqibela phambi komlawuli.

Ngethuba lovuko, wafihla ixesha elithile, wabuyela eCaucasus ngethemba lokuba i-Revolution iyayeka kwaye ubukhosi be-tsarist buya kuphinda bube khona kweli lizwe, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke, kwaye ngowe-1920 ibhola lika-ballerina labalekela eFransi kunye nendodana yakhe. Kuye, wayengenayo imali, njengendoda yomyeni wakhe, uGrand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich.

EFransi, bahlala endlwini eyathengwa ixesha elide phambi kweenguqulelo, kodwa yaphoqeleka ukuyibeka. Ngo-1921 watshata noyise wonyana wakhe, uGrand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich. Wanikwa iingkontileka ezihlawulelwe kakhulu, kodwa akazange afune ukwenza ngaphezulu kwinqanaba elide, kodwa wayesebenza njengebhola le-ballerina kanye, ekuhambeni kwamanye amazwe.

EFransi, i-prima ballerina ye-ballet yesiTsarti yavula isikolo sayo se-ballet ngowe-1926, kwaye kwakungekho kubakho kubafundi.

U-Kshessinskaya waqonda ukuba abaninzi abafundi bakhe abayi kuzuza nantoni na ebomini, kodwa babefuna imali. Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekile, wayethanda ukudlala kwikasino. Ngomnyaka we-1936 wagqibela ebomini bakhe eLondon, waqhwaba kwaye amaxesha amaninzi abizwa ukuba aqubude (wayeneminyaka engama-64).

Emva koko wabhala iimemori apho abeka ibali lobomi bakhe. Wahlala phantse iminyaka engama-100 ngaphambi kokuba abe neenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala kude kube nekhulu leminyaka, kwaye ngoko ke wafakwa kwiluhlu lwebhola le-ballerinas elide kakhulu emhlabeni.