Ukuba uphulaphule oko oomama abangabantwana abancinci abakuthethayo xa behamba nabantwana babo epakini, unokufumana izihloko ezintathu ezidumeleyo: izikhumbuzo zokukhulelwa nokubeletha - ngeli xesha, ukutya izivuthu - ezi zimbini kunye nokutyelela kwi-polyclinic yabantwana-abathathu. Ngubani ovela koomama i-crumb idla ngokugula, engazange ibe ngunyaka wokuqala-konke kubalulekile ukutyelela abantu kwiingubo ezimhlophe zokugqoka ... Ngoko ke ziphi na izihlandlo naziphi na iintsana zokubonisana nogqirha kuyimfuneko?
Ugqirha wokuqala
Ugqirha onokunyamekela, ebonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-karapuzik ekukhanyeni kwesisu, umfundisa ukuba afake isicelo esifubeni, ubeke iziqu "ukuvavanya." Ngubani lo ugqirha? Neonatologist. Ukhona ecaleni komama eklasini lokuhambisa ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana (okanye kwiyunithi yokusebenza kwimeko yecesarean section). Ugqirha uhlola umntwana, uvavanya imeko yakhe yonke emva kokuzalwa (kumzuzu we-1 kunye no-5), ngokwemiqondiso emihlanu yesiqendu se-Apgar: umbala wesikhumba, ukuphefumla, intliziyo yenkohlakalo, uhlobo lwezithuthi ezizimeleyo kunye ne-tone ye-muscle, kunye nokuqina kombala ukukhwaza. Amanqaku aphezulu kumqondiso ngamnye ngamanqaku amabini. Okokuthi, ukuba i-crumb ifumana i-10 ngongoma ku-Apgar, ithetha ukuba "i-excellente-excellent". Nangona i-9, no-8 kunye no-7-nayo ilungile, kodwa amanqaku angama-6 nangaphantsi isizathu sokuba ugqirha, osenza isigqibo sokuba ngaba umntwana unyango lwonyango. Ukuba yonke into ihlelekile, umama onomkhuhlane ushiywe kwii-nursery iiyure ezingama-2 - ngelixa umntwana elele kwisisu somama.
Ngethuba leentsuku eziyi-3-4 (okanye malunga neveki emva kokuvala), enye i-neonatologist iya kuhlolisisa umntwana rhoqo ngosuku kwikhaya lokubeleka.
Ngethuba lokusa kwantambama, ugqirha uhlola umntwana, uphendula imibuzo malunga noongikazi kunye nokuncelisa, kwaye umongikazi ulinganisa imvuthu, iinkqubo zesilonda esingumgubo, igalela iifumba zeoli kunye neoli. Usana kwisibhedlele sokubeleka luya kutyunjwa kwaye uhlalutyo "luphelele" - i-phenylketonuria (ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa komzimba we-amino acid exchange of phenylalanine) kunye ne-hypothyroidism (okwaneleyo umsebenzi we-thyroid gland). Igazi kwisithende seqhekeza lamachaphaza liya kufakwa kwiphepha elikhethekileyo kwaye lithunyelwe kwi-laboratory, iziphumo ziya kuhanjiswa kwikliniki yakho yesithili.
KwiBhunga. Ukuba ngokuziphatha komntwana uya kuba yinto enokukhathazeka ngayo - ungalindelanga isondlo sasekuseni, qhagamshelana nesebe labantwana ukuba lincede naliphi na ixesha. Xa kufike ixesha lokubuyela kunye nesibhedlele esibhedlele, musa ukulibala i-extract from the history of development of the baby. Uya kunika umqobo kwinqanaba labantwana bendawo, kwaye ungadinga ikopi ifowuni ukuba ufuna ukunxibelelana nengcali kwiklinikhi.
Ukutyelela isithili sezithili
Ngaphambi kokukhutshwa esibhedlele, umongikazi uya kuchaza idilesi apho intsapho yabantwana iya kuhlala khona. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha kwintsana yadluliselwa kwikliniki yesithili. Ungamangaliswa ukuba, emva komhla emva kokubuyela ekhaya, isithili sesigqirha sesigodlo siya kuwe-ngokwakhe, ngaphandle kwekholi. Ngulo msebenzi wakhe-kufuneka ahambele umntwana osandulweyo ngosuku olulandelayo (kwiimeko ezinzima, kungekudala kwisithathu) emva kokukhutshwa. Inyanga yokuqala isithili sesithili somntwana siya kuhlolisisa umntwana kanye ngeveki - oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumntu oza kuzalwa. Ugqirha ekutyeleleni kwakhe, uthetha ulwimi lwezobugqirha, uya kuqhuba uphononongo lwabantwana. Uquka ntoni? Ukuhlola kwimeko yesikhumba yomntwana, iimbilini zakhe (umlomo, amehlo, izitho zangasese zomzimba), ukuphulaphula intliziyo, ukuphefumla, ukugubha umlenze, ukucacisa iimpawu zesimo se-muscle kunye neengcamango zomzimba.
KwiBhunga. Buza ugqirha ukuba wenze ntoni xa umntwana eziphatha ngokumangalisa: uyayinqabela isifuba, ukhala, nangona epheleleyo kwaye eyomile, ngokugqithiseleyo kunye neepeni kunye nemilenze.
Kwamkela!
Xa umntwana wakho ephendukela kwinyanga, kufuneka u tyelele i-polyclinic. Ungesabi ukuba umntwana wakho oxabisekileyo uyaphiliswa ngumntwana othile okhulayo-ukufumana abantwana kwi-polyclinic, usuku olukhethekileyo lwabelwa abanye abantwana abangabanjwanga. Ukuba unokuza kwangoko kwiklinikhi ngosuku oluqhelekileyo - alukhathazeki, kuba oomama nabantwana bayaphuthelwa ngaphandle komgca. Ingxelo yonyango? Okokuba, ukuba oogqirha kufuneka bahambe nomntwana ukuya kunyaka, baya kuhlala behlala kwi-ofisi yesigqirha sesidlangalaleni, ngoko ke akuyi ku funeka ufumane umgca kwi-registry. Ngoko ke, useofisi yegqirha. Ngethuba lokuqala emva kwesibhedlele, umntwana uya kulinganiswa, ulinganiswe umjikelezo weentloko kunye nesifuba sakhe, uya kufumanisa ukuba umntwana uye wanda kangakanani kwaye waba namandla ngenyanga yokuqala. Makukukhathazeki ukuba umntwana wayengalinganiswanga inyanga: ukuba ubunzima bomzimba ekuzalweni banele, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokubeka iinqhekeza kwisilinganiselo kanye ngeveki. Ngaba zonke i "checks" zigqityiwe? Emva koko udokotela wezingane ubhala isikhokelo kwiingcali ezincinci ...
KwiBhunga. Xa ulungiselela uhambo oluya kwi-polyclinic, ungakhohlwa ukubeka i-diapers ezilahlayo 2-3 kwi-ngxowa, ukupakisha iintshini zokumanzi ezimanzi kunye ne-diaper engenamanzi kunye ne-slide okanye i-slip.
I-neurologist kunye nenkampani
Kwimviwo yokuqala yonyango yeprophylactic (kwaye kuya kuba nezinye ezimbini - kwiinyanga ezintathu kunye nonyaka) umntwana uhambele i-neurologist, ugqirha wamazinyo, i-oculist, i-cardiologist. I-neurologist ngenye yeengcali ezivakatyekisiwe xa zifika kumntwana unyaka. Kubalulekile ukuba lo ugqirha ukuba aqaphele rhoqo ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous baby, ukubonakala kwezakhono ezintsha kunye nokunyamalala kweengcamango zomntwana ngexesha elithile. Iingcali zivavanya imeko jikelele yomntwana, iimpendulo zomzwelo, ukubonakalisa ubuso, ukukrakra, ukuhamba kwemoto, ithoni yemisipha, imeko ye-fontanel enkulu, njl. Njalo ukufundwa ngokubanzi, abantwana banikwa i-neuro-sonography (NSG) - i-ultrasound yengqondo ngokusebenzisa i-fontanel enkulu. Le ndlela ayifanele iloyike, kuba umntwana akaxilwanga.
I-orthopedist (ugqirha) uya kuhlola ukuba isistim se-musculoskelet senziwe ngokusemgangathweni kumntwana, nokuba amaqabane akhe akhula kakuhle. Uviwo olubaluleke kakhulu luviwo lokuxhamla i-hip ukuze i-dysplasia inokwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana (abavame ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwekota) bachongiwe ama-ultrasound of the hip joints, ngelixa befunda ubungqina kunye nobuninzi babo bonke amacandelo edibeneyo, ubukho be-nuclei ye-ossification. Ukuba umntwana unengxaki ngamalungu, ugqirha uya kugqiba ikhosi efanelekileyo yokunyanga okanye afundise i-gymnastics ekhethekileyo yokukhusela i-dysplasia. Ukongezelela ekutyelelweni okufunekayo kumathambo, tyelela iofisi yakhe xa ubona ukuba umntwana ulungele ukuhlala, ezama ukuma emilenzeni. Ugqirha unokukunceda ukhethe izicathulo ezifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho, okuya kunceda ukwakha umquba wonyawo, kukuxelela ukuba ufuna enye inzuzo ye calcium okanye i-vithamini D.
I-ophthalmologist iya kuhlola iliso lomntwana ukuze lichane ukuba ngaba iidiski ze-optic nerve zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, ingaba zikhona imvumba ye-strabismus, i-myopia, i-astigmatism, izifo ezizalwe ngumzimba, iingxaki zengxaki yokukhupha, ezingayisongela. Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali bakhathazeke ngeliso "elimuncu" kubantwana kwiinyanga zokuqala zokuphila (ezihambelana nokunyanzeliswa komzimba wamanzi). I-optometrist iya kukunceda ukhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokonyango.
ULor (okanye kubantu "indlebe-imphunga-impumlo") uhlola i-spicy spout kunye neendlebe zentsana. Kubaluleke ngokukhawuleza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumene nayiphi na ukungaphumeleli kwindlebe kwiimvuthu, ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana akaphendulelanga ngelizwi lakho, isandi esibukhali okanye ukukhangela ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala.
I-cardiologist izakuphulaphula intliziyo yengane ukuze ungaphutheli ukuphulwa kwegazi okanye i-vice, ekufuneka iphathwe kwiinyanga zokuqala zokuphila. Intliziyo yomntu omdala kunye nomntwana uyabetha ngokuhlukileyo, ngoko ke akunjalo okwaneleyo ukuba i-cardiologist iphulaphule intliziyo kunye ne-phonendoscope, kutheni enokumisela i-crumb ne-ECG-electrocardiogram.
Uyabona kungekudala!
Ewe, uvavanyo lokuqala lwezokwelapha ludlulile, esikuvuyisayo ngalo! Kodwa kuthekani, kuba kuyafana nobhaptizo lokuqala lomlilo! Ngoku kuya kubakho into yokuxelela oogogo kunye noomama abangenamava epakini. Kodwa ngokungathí sina - akufanelekanga ukungahoywa uhambo kwiipolyclinic. Kwi "zabudddomovskih" onenkathalo kunye nemisebenzi yasekhaya, kunokwenzeka, uThixo akavumelekanga, ukuphosa isifo esiqalile umntwana okanye ukuphulwa. Kutheni sifuna iingxaki ezinjalo? Sifuna umntwana ukuba akhule umnichko onempilo kwaye onamandla! Kwaye kuya kuba yinyaniso! Kwaye oku kufuneka ukwazi ukuba oogqirha badinga ukuthatha umntwana unyaka owodwa, kwaye wenze njalo:
- ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6 rhoqo ngenyanga;
- ukususela kwi-6 ukuya kwe-12-nganye iinyanga ezimbini.