Ukutya okunokulinganisela kwabantwana abakhulelweyo nabancelisayo


Ukutya okunokulinganisela kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabangabalulekanga kubaluleke kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba oku kuchaphazela impilo kamama nomntwana. Ngaloo ndlela, oomama abazayo kufuneka bakhathazeke ngokufanelekileyo, ukutya okunempilo.

Isondlo sempilo yabantwana kunye nabantwana.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukondla kwabasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation lilinganiselwe, ukutya kufuneka kunikwe amandla anele (iikhalori). Ukutya kufuneka kuqulethe izondlo ezibalulekileyo (umzekelo, iiprotheni, amafutha, i-carbohydrate, iivithamini kunye nezamaminerali) kwixabiso elifanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukutya okwaneleyo okwenziwe ngamanzi kuyimfanelo emihle. Amanzi kufuneka ahlambulule isinyithi esinzima, i-chlorine, i-nitrate kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Kwakulungele ukunyamekela ukutyunjwa kokutya kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabancinci. Ukutya kufuneka kuluhluke, nangona akusoloko kubhenela oomama abancinci. Kuvela ukuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa uvakalelwa ukunambitheka kwentambiso yobisi, kuxhomekeke ekudleni komama. Oku kuya kuba luncedo xa kufika ixesha lokuguqulela umntwana ukuze unqabise ukutya okuqinileyo. Akayi kuyika izinto ezintsha ezingavumelekanga, kwaye ungabi nolwazi kwitafile.

Ukutya okungalunganga - ukuthini oku kuthetha ntoni?

Iimpazamo kwisondlo sabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabaqhawulayo xa kwenzeka imenyu yemihla ngemihla ingabonakali ngokupheleleyo imfuno yokukhula komama kunye nempilo yezilwanyana kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukucwangcisa ukutya kwansuku zonke, kungekhona bonke abafazi abalawula ubukho kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwamantoni, njengentsimbi, i-zinc, iodine. Ukungabikho kwabo kungakhokelela kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zempilo - umama kunye nophuhliso lomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, inani elininzi lokutya kubantu abakhulelweyo nabaqeshisayo banobungozi. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi kwaye uhlawule ngakumbi umgangatho wokutya, kunoko ubuninzi bawo. Ukufumana isisindo esifanelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa akufanele kudlule i-12 ukuya kwi-14 kilogram.

Amagama ambalwa malunga neekhalori.

Abameli bezonyango zonyango bancomela ukuba abafazi kwisibini kunye neyesithathu kwi-trimester yokukhulelwa banda iikhalori - umyinge wama-kcal 300 ngosuku. Yaye iphelele malunga nama-2500 khalori ngosuku. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umntu kufuneka acinge ngeemfuno zomzimba ngamnye zomzimba. Zidibene nemibandela efana nobudala, ubunzima bokutya (ukungcola, ukungabikho komzimba), indlela yokuphila, ukusetyenziswa, okanye uhlobo lomsebenzi owenziwa. Cetyisa ukutya okufanelekileyo kufuneka ukuba oogqirha.

Emva kokuzalwa, amandla ombane abahlengikazi aphezulu kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ukutya kwansuku zonke komama emva kokubeleka kufuneka kube lucebile. Inani leekhalori ngokwemilinganiselo kufuneka libe ngaphezu kwe-600 kcal ngosuku ngosuku lweenyanga ezintandathu zokutya. Nama-kcal 500 ngosuku ngeenyanga ezilandelayo-malunga nama-2 500 - ii-2,700 iekorikhi kufuneka zongenwe emzimbeni. Ngokukodwa, imithombo eyongezelelweyo yamandla kwisondlo iyadingeka kubafazi abanokulahleka kwesisindo ngexesha lokutya. Ngokukodwa xa ukulahleka kwesisindo kudlulele kwimigangatho eyamkelekileyo yeminyaka kunye nokukhula. Kwakhona, ukuba unina uyondla ngaphezu komntwana omnye. Ukongezelela, amandla angaphezulu (iikhalori) ekudleni kuyimfuneko kubasetyhini emva kwecandelo lecandelo.

Iprotheni.

Kwabesetyhini abakhulelweyo, isidingo seeprotheni ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwamaseli amatsha sanda. Isixa sayo akufanele siwele phantsi kwe-95 grams ngosuku. Isidingo seprotheni sininzi ngakumbi ngexesha lokuncelisa umntwana - ngama-20 amagremu ngosuku nangaphezulu kwisiqingatha sonyaka emva kokubeletha. Kwaye i-15 grams ngemini ngaphezulu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo zokuncelisa. I-60% yeprotheyini yansuku zonke yimihla ngemihla ifanele ibe yinkomo yezilwanyana. Iingcamango zemifuno kunye nesidlo somama osemncinci asamkelekanga. Iprotheni yezilwanyana ezaneleyo ziqulethwe kubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi, ngokubomvu inyama, inyama yenkukhu kunye nentlanzi. Ama-40% aseleyo afuneka avele kwiiprotheni ezibalulekileyo zezityalo. Oku, umzekelo, iimbotyi (ubhontshisi, iifotyi, iimbotyi) kunye neesoya (ezingaphendulwanga ngokwemizimba!). Ukutyiwa kweprotheni, ngaphezu kwako konke, kubalulekile ukuba lona wesifazane ngokwakhe. Kungenxa yokuba ukuba imenyu iqukethe iphrotheni encinane (kunye nezinye izinto), umzimba uqhubeka unikeza umntwana okanye ubisi lwebele ngokubaluleka okufunekayo kweemveliso kunye nezidibeneyo. Kodwa sele sele ivela kwisitokisini samalungu omama, ukukhuseleka komzimba.

Amafutha afanelekileyo amabi.

Inani elifunekayo lamanqatha ekudleni kwabamama abakhulelweyo nabancengayo ahlukanga kakhulu kwiimpawu eziphakanyiswe kubo bonke abafazi. Amafutha kufuneka alandele i-30% yexabiso lexabiso lokutya kwansuku zonke. Nangona kunjalo, kukho utshintsho oluthile kwizondlo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation edibene nohlobo lweoli. Kuyabasetyhini, imfuno yamanqwanqwa athile afunekayo amanqindi ayanda - yi-linoleic acid kunye ne-alpha-linolenic acid. Imithombo ephambili yalezi zi-fatty acids yilezi: iifuno zemifuno (i-soybean, i-sunflower, i-rapeseed, umnquma), inhlanzi enamafutha (i-herring, i-sardines, i-mackerel, i-salmon) kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Ioli ye-soybean kunye neoli yelanga kufuneka isetyenziswe njengendlela yokugqoka isaladi. Namafutha omnqumo angasetyenziselwa ukupheka izitya ezitshisayo (ukwenzela ukucima, ukuqhuma nokunye njalo).

Oomama abakhulelweyo kunye noomama abancengayo bayakhuthazwa ukuba badle i-natural nature, amafutha. Ngoko ke, umntu akafanele adle i- margarine kunye nezitya ezifana "nokutya okukhawuleza" nangaluphi na uhlobo kunye nefomu. Ziyimvelaphi eyintloko yamabiza athi "amabi", okanye iisomers ze-trans fatty acids. Ezi zi-acids, ezidlula kwi-placenta kunye nentambo yomlomo, zingafaka ingozi kumntwana ongakazalwa. Ukongezelela, bangenelele kubisi lwebele, oluchaphazela kakubi impilo yemntwana. Amafutha anobungozi nawo akhoyo kwi-bhotela, kodwa avunyelwe njengomthombo wamafutha ekudleni kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngokungafani nobuchwephesha bezoshishino ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwegargarine, kwinqwelo yeoli yemvelo i-isomers ye-trans fatty acids yenziwe kwindlela yokugaya inyama. Zinezizathu zendalo, kwaye ngoko, zibhekwa njengezikhuselekileyo.

Yiyiphi i-carbohydrates engcono?

I-carbohydrates iyimvelaphi ye-55-60% yemfuneko yamandla ngemihla. Umxholo we-carbohydrate ekudleni kwansuku zonke yowesifazane okhulelwe kufuneka ube ngumyinge wama-gram e-400 ngosuku, kunye nabasetyhini abasetyhini-umyinge wama-500 grams ngosuku. Iimiselo zokutya zisebenza kwi-sucrose okanye iswekile, isabelo sayo kwisidlo samalanga onke akufanele sidlule kwi-10% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngako oko, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation, umntu akufanele adle iilekese ezininzi. Kunconywa ukuba oomama badla kakhulu i-carbohydrates enzima ngexesha lokutya, okuya kuthathwa ngumzimba. Imithombo emihle ye-carbohydrate eyinkqantosi yintengo, isonka, iifatata.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweengxumbo, ukutya kufuneka kube nexabiso elaneleyo le-fiber. Nsuku zonke umzimba womfazi okhulelwe udinga i-30 gram yefiber. Umgangatho wabasetyhini abaqhekezayo uhluka ukusuka kwi-20 ukuya kuma-40 amagremu e-fiber ngosuku. I-fiber ye-dietary ininzi kwiitya zokutya eziziinkozo, kubandakanywa ingqolowa, i-corn bran, irayisi e-brown. Kwakhona iifayili zizityebi kwiimifuno (ingakumbi iidroti, i-peas, i-broccoli) kunye neziqhamo (ikakhulukazi ii-apula, iibhanana, iireki, iimboyi).

Konke kuhle ukuba ngokumodareyitha.

Kwimenyu yemihla ngemihla, amabhinqa kufuneka agcinwe ngobuninzi bemivithamini, izinto ezininzi kunye nokulandelelana, izixhobo zamanzi. Yisithuba sokutya okunokulinganisela. Bobabini ukusilela kunye nokugqitha kwezinto ezizimeleyo zichaphazela impilo yemama nomntwana. Imiphumo yokungabikho kwamavithamini inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimpilo. Imenyu elungileyo ibaluleke kakhulu kubasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ne-lactation, xa umzimba ufuna amanani angaphezulu kwama-vithamini (a, D, E) kunye namavithamini amanzi anelululwazi (C, i-folic acid). Abameli bezonyango bakholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kwesiqingatha kilogram yeziqhamo kunye nemifuno eyahlukileyo kunika umzimba wabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabaqeshisayo ngexabiso elifunekayo lamavithamini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha, ungadinga ukungena kweevithamini. Umthombo omuhle wamavithamini anelumnumgu i-oyile yemifuno, ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi, ibhotela kunye neqanda leqanda.

Kodwa ke, phawula ukuba akukhona nje ukusilela, kodwa nokunyuka kwamanzi kwamavithamini kuyingozi. Umzekelo, ukuba udla amavithamini amaninzi anamafutha, kunokukhokelela kwisifo se-toxicosis - okanye utyhefu umzimba. Kulula ukukhokelela ekugqithiseni ukudlula kokusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo kwemithi ye-multivitamin. Imiphumo yale meko ingaba buhlungu. Izifundo ezenziwa e-UK zibonise ukukhula kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungazalwa komntwana kwiintsana ezithatha umama othabatha i-vitamin A ngexesha eliphezulu lokukhulelwa-ngaphezu kwe-10 000 iU ngosuku (umgangatho o-4,000 IU ngosuku). Ngoko ke, phambi kokuba uthathe naziphi na iziyobisi ezongezelelweyo ezisekelwe kwiivithamini, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho!

Ukutya okucebile kwizinto ezilandelelanayo.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncelisa, umzimba ufuna izinto ezininzi zokulandelela. Akunakwenzeka ukuxelela ngabo bonke, ngoko ke siya kugxila kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu - i-calcium, i-magnesium, isinyithi kunye ne-iodine.

Unina ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncelisa kufuneka atye malunga ne-1200 mg ye-calcium imihla ngemihla. Umthombo oyintloko wale nxalenye ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi. Ngokomzekelo, ilitha yobisi iqukethe i-1200 mg ye calcium. Ngaphezulu nangokweshizi. Ukongeza, i-calcium ikhona (kodwa ngexabiso elincinci) kwimveliso yesityalo. Ezifana nemifuno eluhlaza emnyama (i-broccoli, iklabishi yaseNtaliyane, imifuno eluhlaza), izityalo, izityalo, iinantambo, isonka. Ngelishwa, akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukubonelela umzimba ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-calcium "yokutya". Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngakumbi ebusika nasentwasahlobo, i-calcium eyongezelelweyo ithathwa ngendlela yokulungiselela. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi kolawulo lugqirha onquma uhlobo lweziyobisi kunye namanqanaba ayo. Uphando lwezokwelapha lubonise ukuba ukuncelisa kunomthelela oncedo kumathambo omama. Ngethuba lokuncelisa, ngenxa yokunyuka kwindleko yomzimba wesetyhini ngekhalsiyamu, ukuchithwa kwamathambo kubonakala kunqanaba eliphezulu ngaphezu kokukhulelwa. Isiphumo esihle sokubuyiselwa kwaloo nto ibhinqa livakalelwa nangona emva kokuqala kokuphuma kwesisu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo ibuye i-magnesium, echaphazelekayo kumsebenzi wama-enzyme angama-300 omzimba womntu. Umthamo wemihla ngemihla okhuthazwayo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngu 350 mg. Kwabahlengikazi - 380 mg. Umthombo ocebile we-magnesium ngu: oatmeal, buckwheat, bran wheat, ingqolowa yegroke, ubhontshisi, iifotyi, i-soybean, i-cocoa, i-tshokoleta, i-nut kunye nezithelo ezomileyo.

Ukukhulelwa kwe-anemia ngenxa yokuntula kwintsimbi kubonwa kwi-30% yabamama abalindayo. Oku kukhokelela kwingxaki enkulu yonyango ehambelana ne-hypoalia ye-fetal kwaye ingabangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. I-dose yemihla yesinyithi ekhuthazwayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa i-26 milligrams. Imithombo emihle yensimbi yenkomo (intliziyo, intliziyo), isibindi, ingulube, i-yolk yolanga, i-oat flakes, i-nut, ubhontshisi, isipinashi. Njengomthetho, kunzima ukubonelela umzimba womfazi okhulelweyo ngesantya esifanelekileyo sensimbi kuphela ngoncedo lokutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubalulekile ukuthatha amalungiselelo okhethekileyo esinyithi.

Iodine iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesinye sezona zibalulekileyo ze-endocrine-i-thyroid gland. Ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ye-hormone ye-thyroid, iodine ilawula iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zeempawu zomzimba. Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu, kuqhube ukuphulwa kwentuthuko yabantwana, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni komntwana. Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bafumane i-dose yemihla ngemihla ye-iodine kwinani lama-micrograms angama-160-180, kunye noomama abangamahlengikazi - ii-microgramgram ezingama-200 ngosuku. Ukuze uhlangabezane nemfuno ephakamileyo ye-dose yansuku zonke ye-iodine, kucetyiswa ukuba udle ityuwa e-iodidi kwisixa semitha engama-4-6 ngosuku.

Iziyobisi ezingekhoyo zotywala ekudleni kwansuku zonke.

Abasetyhini, kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa, kufuneka baphuze amanzi amaninzi - malunga neelitha ezili-1.5 ngosuku. Oku kulandela kwinto yokuba amanzi kwiinkcuphu ezikhulayo kunye namalungu omntwana ongazalwa angama-80%. Kwi-trimester yokugqibela yokukhulelwa, kucetyiswa ukunciphisa inani leziphuzo kwisondlo ukuya kwi-1 - 1.2 ilitha ngosuku. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba amanzi amaninzi emzimbeni angakwazi ukuphazamisa izithintelo ze-uterine nokukhusela abasebenzi. Kodwa oomama abancancisayo kufuneka badle malunga ne-1.5 - 2 ilitha yamanzi ngosuku.

Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuba ingqalelo ingqalelo nje ubuninzi, kodwa kunye nomgangatho wetshe echithwayo. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa kunye neloctation, ungathathi i-carbonated drinks, itiye eqinile, ikhofi kunye notywala. Ngexesha lokuncelisa, ukongezelela kumanzi amaminerari, kuyayinceda ukusela ubuncinane ubuncinane besahlulo seelitha ngosuku. Ekubeni iqulethe izondlo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-calcium, iprotheni kunye ne-vitamin B2. Kodwa awukwazi ukondla iintsana kunye nobisi lweenkomo! Ukongezelela, unako ukusela malunga nehafu yesitha ngosuku (kodwa kungengaphezulu) kweziqhamo nezitshalo zemifuno. Abavelisi beemveliso zokutya baye bavelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetraf Imizekelo yokwakheka kweeyi, ukuxhaswa i-lactation: iitishi kunye nokudibaniswa kwe-anise, i-fennel, i-caraway, i-lemon balm kunye ne-nettle. Izinto ezisebenzayo eziqulethwe kwizicatshulwa ezivela kulezi zityalo ziya kungena ubisi lwebele kwaye zandise ukondla komntwana.

Ngenxa yokutya okunokulinganisela kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabaqhawulayo, iingxaki ezininzi zinokuphetshwa. Emva koko, impilo yomntwana nonina ixhomekeka kakhulu kumgangatho wokutya.