Iingxaki zangempela zinqabile kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2009, izidalwa ze-DTP ezingama-6 zodwa zineenkxalabo ezili-12, ngokuyininzi zidibanisa ngesiphumo esihle. Iingxaki emva kokugonywa zibangelwa ukuba ukugonywa akuyena umntwana oye wahlolisiswa ngokukhubazeka. Ngaphantsi kaninzi oku kuphendulwa komntu ngamnye kumacandelo okugonya, kodwa oku kwenzekayo xa uthatha nayiphi na, nokuba yiphi na into ebanzi, amayeza. Iigonti zinyani kwaye imiphumo yokugonywa yiyo yonke inqaku.
Kubalulekile:
- Ukugcina iishedyuli zokugonywa.
- Musa ukuvumela abantwana abagulayo ukuba bagonywe.
- Ukukhetha izicwangciso zokugonywa ngabantwana abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo, ngokuqwalasela imeko yabo yempilo.
- Kwimeko apho umntwana unesifo esingasigxina, izitofu kufuneka zenziwe kuphela ngexesha lokuxolelwa.
- Ungagonyanga ukuba kukho ukuchasene nalo. Nangona kunjalo, umntu akufanele adibanise ukungqinelani okwenene kunye nobuxoki, njenge-atopic dermatitis, isisu se-intestinal dysbacteriosis, i-anemia, itething. Kuzo zonke izibonakaliso, unokugonya umntwana. Ukuthotyelwa kwezi mithetho ezingaqinisekanga kuya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokukhuselwa kokukhuselwa kwegciwane. Imbali iyayazi imizekelo emininzi xa ezi zifo zibuya ngokukhawuleza xa ukugonywa kwabangadingekile. Khumbula, umzekelo, ukuqubuka kwe-diphtheria kwi-90s,
Ungazikhusela njani kwimiphumo?
Ngaphambi kokugonywa kokuqala kwe-DTP, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunye nomchamo kuyadingeka, uviwo kunye neurologist kunye nezingane. 3-4 iintsuku eziphambili kwaye emva kokugonywa, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umnxibelelwano womntwana kunye nabangamaziyo ukumkhusela kwiintsholongwane. Musa ukuvelisa ukutya okutsha kwidlo lokutya kunye nokugqithisa umntwana wakho. Kufuneka ugcine ulawulo lomhla. I-DTP yicontsho esisisigxina. Kwaba nabantwana abasempilweni bayayiphendula ngentsholongwane: ingaphantsi kaninzi kukho enye impendulo - ukulila ixesha elide. Abazali bamele bazi oku kwaye bahlale begcina izilwanyana zokulwa ne-antipyretic (analgesic): i-panadol yabantwana, i-Efferalgan, i-Nurofen. Kukho enye indlela eya kwi-DTP - okubizwa ngokuba yi-acellular DTP. Azinalo i-pertussis, eyenza ngokuphucula ukunyamezela kwesigontsho - akukho phantse yokushisa nokukhala. Ezi zitofu zingagonywa ngentsholongwane yegazi,
Izigulane ezintsha - kutheni, kuvela phi?
• I-vaccine esuka kwintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal. I-pneumococcus ibangela iimeko ezinzima kakhulu zokuswela i-meningitis, i-pneumonia, kunye ne-sepsis, otitis kunye ne-sinusitis, edla ngokubangela ukukhubazeka kunye nokufa. Iikhalenda zeMoscow kunye neSverdlovsk ziquka ukugonya kwe-pneumococcal kubantwana abadala kuneminyaka emibili. Kodwa oku kugonywa kubaluleke kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emibini ubudala, njengemiphunga ye-pneumonia, ngokukodwa i-pneumococcal disease, enye yezona zinto ezibangela ukufa phakathi komncinci. Kukho ukugonya kwepneumococcal kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-mibini ubudala, eli gonyolo linyamezelekile kwaye phantse alubangelwa iimpendulo.
• I-Haemophilus influenzae yi-agent engabangela isigxina se-meningitis, i-epiglottitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-epiglottis, ukusongela ubomi) kunye ne-pneumonia. Ukugonywa kuboniswa kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-3.
• Inkukhu yenkukhu. Unyaka ngamnye eRashiya, inkukhu evela kubantwana abayi-500 ukuya kuma-800. Iifom ezininzi zentsholongwane zingakhokelela kwi-encephalitis kunye nokufa, ngokukodwa kubantu abaselula kunye nabadala. Isigodlo sifakwe kwikhalenda yaseMoscow.
• Usulelo lwe-Rotavirus. Ubangelwa ukuhlanza, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokudambisa ukutya ngokukhawuleza kubantwana abancinci. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokubhedlelelwa esibhedlele. ERashiya, ngelanga, isitofu singabhaliswa.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa wenqaba ukugonywa?
Izigulane zenzelwe ukulwa nezifo ezibulalayo. Unokunika ubungakanani obukhulu bobuchule bokusebenza kwabo. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yokugonywa kwelizwe lethu likhululekile kwi-poliomyelitis iminyaka emininzi. Ngethamsanqa, ininzi yabantwana bethu kunye nabantu abadala banokukhuseleka kwe-post-vaccination kwesi sifo esibi. Omnye umzekelo: kwakuyiigonyana ezanceda ukunciphisa iziganeko zerubella. Ngokukhawuleza kwaba nefuthe elihle kwimpilo yabantwana abazalelwe, kuba i-rubella ibangela ukungasebenzi kwe-fetus, ukulahleka kwamathambo nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Izifo, ezichitshiweyo, zingafumaneka kwifom esebenzayo. Oku akuyinyaniso, kuba iigcini aziqukethe i-viral okanye ii-cells ze-bacterium; kodwa kuphela iiprotheyini (okanye ezinye) iinxalenye, eziyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni umzimba. Musa ukugonywa abantwana abaneengxaki zomzimba okanye abanokukhuseleka. Abantwana abanjalo banokugonywa kwaye bafuneke, njengoko bahlala becinga izifo kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, bahlupheke ngakumbi kunontanga. Iigonti ziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi - i-mercury, i-formalin kunye nabanye. Iimpawu zokugcina izitofu zanamhlanje zikhuselekile kwaye aziyi-carcinogen. Ekudleni thina kunye nabantwana bethu sidla imihla ngemihla, izilondolozo kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi zininzi kakhulu. Kwaye sidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokugonywa. Iigonya zikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Oku akukwenzekayo ukuba imithetho yokugonywa ibonwa. Ukuba ukhusela umntwana ekugonyeni kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yobomi, ukukhusela kwakhe kuya kuzinza kwaye umntwana uya kuba nempilo. Indlela engalunganga, kuba kulo mzekelo, ubomi kunye nempilo yomntwana imihla ngemihla ingozi enkulu. Umntwana ongenamntwana unokusuleleka ngesifo esibulalayo. Ezinye iziyobisi ezingenakulinganiswa kwi-polyclinic enye intshaba isasazwa ngabachasene nokugonya. Kwilizwe lethu, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kweigciwane kuyinkxalabo ekhethekileyo. Ukuphulwa kweemeko zokurhoxisa isitofu kuphethwe yimiphumo emibi kakhulu kumsebenzi wezonyango. Ukukhululeka, njengomthetho, wanikeza iziyobisi zasekhaya okanye ezide zibhaliswe. Kukho amanqaku afanelekileyo anamhlanje, ahlawulwayo. Ezi zitofu zinemivuzo eninzi: i-acellular pertussis kunye neziyobisi ezidibeneyo zinganciphisa iziganeko.