Inqaku elithi "I-jaundice: ukuxilongwa ngokuchaseneyo, unyango" kuya kunceda oomama abatsha ngexesha ukuba bachonge kwaye banqume uhlobo lwesifo kwaye banikezele umntwana ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula ngokukhawuleza.
I-jaundice ye-physics ayikho "inkomo" eyingozi. Kuyabonwa ngamanye amaxesha iintsana ezisempilo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayikho into engaphezulu kwenguqu yomzimba ukusuka ebusweni be-intrauterine ukuya kumzimba omama wangaphandle. I-jaundice yemvelo ibangela izinga lokunyuka kwe-bilirubin emzimbeni weemvuthu.
I-Bilirubin ngumkhiqizo wokuphulwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zihlala zichithwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana, ngoko iqondo le-bilirubin (i-pigment yellow) landa kwigazi layo. I-Bilirubin ikhutshwa ngesibindi somntwana, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isasifile, kwaye ayikwazi ukusebenza ngamandla onke, ukuhoxiswa kwe-bilirubin egazini kuncipha kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kubantwana abanesifo se-jaundice ixesha elide, kukho i-yellowing yolusu kunye ne-sclera kweso.
Ukuba i-jaundice yomzimba ayibonakali ngomhla we-2-3 wobomi, ngoko, mhlawumbi, kakade ayibonakali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-jaundice yomzimba inexesha eliphakathi kweebini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Kule meko, imeko epheleleyo yentsana akufanele ibangele ukukhathazeka-uyadla kwaye alele kakuhle, akabi ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo. Kule meko, i-jaundice yomzimba ayifuni unyango.
Olunye umcimbi - i-jaundice pathological. Iimpawu ze-jaundice zenyama kunye nezifo zifana nofana: ukuphuka kwesikhumba kunye ne-eye sclera, nangona kunjalo kwimeko yesibili isifo sithatha ixesha elide kwaye kaninzi sihamba neengxaki.
I-jaundice ye-pathological ibizwa nangokuthi "isifo se-hemolytic yintsana." Izizathu, ngenxa yokuba zivela phi, zinokuba ziqela: umzekelo, ukungqinelani kohlobo lwegazi lomntwana kunye nomama okanye i-Rh rhesus impi. Ukuba iqela legazi lomama lingowokuqala, kwaye okwesibini okanye yesithathu umntwana, kufuneka uqaphele ngenyameko ukuba umntwana uya kubonisa iimpawu ze-jaundice.
Ukongezelela kwimiba ekhankanywe ngasentla, i-jaundice ye-pathological baby inokubangela izizathu ezinjalo:
- ukungena kwisibeleko somama wesifo (njengesi-hepatitis B, i-rubella okanye i-toxoplasmosis), esongela ngqo isifo somntwana;
Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ngumama (umzekelo, i-oxytocin okanye i-antibiotics eqinile);
ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa;
- ukuba kukho isiqhamo esinye kwisisu;
- intlungu ekuhambiseni;
izifo ze-endocrine zomama (umzekelo, isifo sikashukela sesifo).
Yintoni ebangela i-jaundice ye-pathological in the newborn? I-Rh-antigen, leyo leyo, xa ithe yangena emzimbeni womntwana (esibelethweni) egazini ene-rhesus engalunganga kamama, inokubangela ukuba kwakhiwe amaseli ekhethekileyo e-antibody. Ezi iiseli ziyakwazi ukungena kwigazi lomntwana nge-placenta (akunandaba nokuba isisu okanye sizalwa nje). Baphinde baqhube phambili kwinkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwigazi lomntwana.
Ngokuchasene ne-jaundice yomzimba, iimpawu zazo zingafumaneka kwiintsuku ezingama-3-4 emva kokuzalwa, i-jaundice ye-pathological manifest itself day after the birth. Ulusu kunye ne-sclera yamehlo omntwana athola i-yellow hue ekhanyayo. Kwenzeka ukuba umchamo womntwana ogulayo uphazamise, kodwa umbala wombala wakhe awuguquki.
Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uphawu lwe-jaundice - unikela igazi kumntwana ukuhlalutya. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo we-bilirubin aya kubonisa ubukho besifo.
Ukuqalisa i-jaundice ye-pathological kwimeko apho akunakwenzeka. Emva kwakho konke, ngamanye amaxesha kuhambelana neengxaki, ezibonakaliswa kwisifo esitsha-ukukhuphazeka kweenyukliya. Oku kukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous central, ephuma kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo le-bilirubin, into enobuthi kunye neyingozi. Kule meko, umntwana usenokuba luvila kwaye akhathalelekanga, i-reflex esondayo iyanyamalala, akayi kwandisa ubunzima (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulahlekelwa iigrama), ngamanye amaxesha umntwana angase adibanise.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana unikwe unyameko olufanelekileyo kunye nokunyango olufanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ugweme ukukhulelwa kwe-nyukliya. Kule meko, i-jaundice ye-pathological ingadlulela ngaphandle kwemiphumo, njengokukhubaza ukuphuhliswa kunye nokungaqhelekanga kumntwana.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uyagula nge-pathological jaundice, kufuneka uqaphele okokuqala isondlo sakhe. Ukuba eso sifo senzeke ngaphandle kweengxaki ezithile, ke kufuneka ungavumi ukuncelisa. Ukuba i-jaundice inzima kakhulu - oogqirha bancoma ukuba unqamle ubisi lomama ngomxube okanye ungene njengokongeza kwondlo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, isigqibo senziwe ngokususwa kwexeshana kwisifuba, umama kufuneka abonise ubisi ukuze angabhubhi kwaye akudingeki ukuba aguqulwe kwi-formula ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba eso sifo sinzima, usana olusandulweyo lujojowe nge-glucose infusions (kukho ezinye iziyobisi ezivunywe yi-WHO) ngaphakathi. Ezi zinto ziyanciphisa izinga le-bilirubin kwaye lilahla igazi. Inqabile kakhulu ukuba i-jaundice inzima kakhulu kangangokuba umntwana ufuna ukunyelwa igazi.
Wonke umama kufuneka akhumbule ukuba impilo yengane yakhe ingaphezu kwayo yonke into, kwaye nokuba nesifo esinjalo esibonakalayo singenasisigxina kunye nesigxina njenge-jaundice kufuneka sibe phantsi kolawulo loogqirha.