Abazali abaninzi kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union babhekene nengxaki xa umntwana, ngokombono wabo, okanye uluvo lwagqirha, uzuza ubunzima. Nangona kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba esi sihloko "sinqabile". Ngaloo ndlela, kumazwe apho impilo yonke yabantwana iphakamileyo kakhulu kunamazwe ayengamaRiphabliki aseSoviet, ubunzima bomntwana abubheki njengento ecacileyo yempilo yakhe. Ukuba ngaba iingcali kunye nokunyamekela ukunyuka kobunzima bomntwana kwiimimiselo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo imeko yimeko apho umntwana ufumanisa ukuba unesisindo.
Kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba xa kunjalo malunga nokusilela kwesisindo somzimba, xa kubalulekile ukubetha i-alamu kwaye uthathe inyathelo, kwaye xa ivuyisa lingenasiphelo. Cinga indlela efanelekileyo yokubeka isisindo somzimba womntwana.
Ngo-2006, i-WHO (i-World Health Organisation) yapapasha imithetho ehlaziyiweyo malunga nobukhulu nokuphakama kwabantwana (kubantwana abazalwa ukususela kwiminyaka emi-5) kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Ukuphuculwa kwezi migaqo zilandela iziphumo zengqwalaselo ebanzi yexesha elide malunga nabantwana abalingana nesibhozo nesiqingatha abahlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Bonke aba bantwana babencelisayo, bafumana ukutya okuncedisayo ngokwemiqathango ye-WHO. Ngezantsi zizinto ezisisiseko isisindo samantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe.
| Ubudala bomntwana / ubunzima bomzimba (kg) | Umda ophantsi wesiqhelo, abafana | Umda osemgangathweni wesiqhelo, abafana | Umda ophantsi oqhelekileyo, amantombazana | Umda osemgangathweni wesiqhelo, amantombazana |
| 1 inyanga | 3.4 | 5.8 | 3.2 | 5.5 |
| Iinyanga ezimbini | 4.4 | 7.1 | 3.9 | 6.6 |
| Iinyanga ezintathu | 5 | 8 | 4.6 | 7.5 |
| Iinyanga ezine | 5.6 | 8.7 | 5 | 8.3 |
| Iinyanga ezintlanu | 6 | 9.4 | 5.4 | 8.8 |
| Iinyanga ezintandathu | 6.4 | 9.8 | 5.8 | 9.4 |
| Iinyanga ezili-7 | 6.7 | 10.3 | 6 | 9.8 |
| Iinyanga ezili-8 | 6.9 | 10.7 | 6.3 | 10.2 |
| Iinyanga ezili-9 | 7.2 | 11 | 6.5 | 10.6 |
| Iinyanga ezili-10 | 7.4 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 10.9 |
| Ezili-11 inyanga | 7.6 | 11.7 | 6.9 | 11.3 |
| 1 unyaka | 7.7 | 12 | Wesi-7 | 11.5 |
| 2 iminyaka | 9.7 | 15.3 | 9 | 14.8 |
| Iminyaka emithathu | 11.3 | 18.4 | 10.8 | 18.2 |
| 4 iminyaka | 12.7 | 21.2 | 12.2 | 21.5 |
| 5 iminyaka | 14.1 | 24.2 | 13.8 | 24.9 |
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imigangatho epapashweyo ye-World Health Organization ayikho imfuneko, kodwa iyinconywa. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ziqwalaselwe. Phakathi kwabahlengikazi baseRashiya, kunye neengcali ezivela kumazwe angaphambili e-USSR, imigangatho emitsha "ayikho kwinkqubo." Ngokona nxalenye, awazi nje ngemigangatho ehlaziyiweyo kwaye isebenzise idatha ephuhlisiwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu okanye emashumi edlulileyo ngokuqwalaselwa kwabantwana, ababeninzi kwezobugcisa. Ngoko ke, abantwana, umzekelo, kwiinyanga ezithandathu, ubunzima beekhiloji ezi-6, bafumane ukuxilongwa "kwe-dystrophy", nangona ngokwemigangatho emitsha yokuxilongwa okunjalo akukho sizathu.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba ugqirha wezingane ucinga ukuba umntwana akafumani ubunzima obaneleyo, kodwa ukuba ubunzima bakhe buqhelekileyo ngokwemiqathango ye-World Health Organisation, akukho mfuneko yokuthatha nayiphi na imilinganiselo. Musa ukutshintsha ukutya kukutya okuphezulu-khalori, ukuba ungumntwana ngaphezu kweminyaka, awudingeki ukuba uncedise umntwana ngomxube, ukuba uthetha ngomntwana. Ngaphezu koko, akukho mayeza kufuneka anikwe okufunekayo ukulungisa imetabolism. Ukuba ubunzima buhambisana nemithetho, kodwa abazali bacinga ukuba umntwana uncinci, umele akhumbule ukuba "umntwana uyakhula, kungekhona ihagu elunyayo."
Ngezantsi uludwe lweengcali eziqhelekileyo eziphathelele ubunzima bomntwana. Ezi ngongoma kunye neengcamango eziphosakeleyo zikhona phakathi koomama kunye nogogo kwaye zidluliselwa kumama omncinci.
Ukuba isondlo somntwana singenziwa ngokwezicwangciso zokutya ezintathu, oko kukuthi, umntwana usondliwa ngecandelo elincinane, ngoko unokufumana iingxaki ngokufumana ubunzima. Ngokubanzi, eli gama alikho konke lokwenyaniso. Ukutya okweqhekeza okuchasene noko kukunye okuhambelana neemfuno zentsana, ukuba zijongwa kwiinjongo zobomi. Yaye ngokwayo, ukutya okunjalo akunakubangela ukusilela kwisisindo somzimba. Nangona kukho isidingo sokubaluleka kokubaluleka kokuqala, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ukutya kathathu ngosuku. Ngelo xesha, ubuncinane ezimbini izitya kufuneka zibe khona ngesidlo ngasinye.
Ingane ayinalo ubunzima ngoba umama "unobisi obungenanto." Ubisi ngokusemgangathweni awukwazi "ukungabi nalutho", luhlala luqulethe izinto eziyimfuneko ezibangela ukukhula nophuhliso lomntwana. Ukuba umama ongumntwana uquka ukutya okuthe ngqo ekudleni kwakhe, umxholo weoli ukhula kancinci, kodwa awuyi kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekunyuseni ubunzima bomntwana, njengoko kuboniswe zizifundo ezininzi.
Ukuba umntwana akayidli kakuhle, ngoko kufuneka atyiswe ngokunyanzeliso, ngaphandle koko kunokukhokelela ekudeni. Abantwana baye bahlakulela isiseko sokuzigcina, kwaye ngoko ke, ngokufikelela ekudleni umntwana akaze azingenise ekudeni komzimba. Ukuba umntwana unesidlo esibi, kufuneka udlale kunye naye emoyeni, usebenze, kwaye ungayi kuphelisa.