Ubuthongo buyimimoya yomzimba apho umzimba kunye nengqondo ziqhubeka zisebenza, kodwa kungekhona kwisimo sokuvuka-isisu, isisindo segazi, izinga lokuphefumula, ukushisa komzimba, njl. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, ulawulo lwakhe lokulala nokuvuka luya kutshintsha; ebusheni, usekude nombuso womntu omdala. Kuyinto yesiko ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezigaba ezimbini zokulala: ukulala ngokunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (BDG), okanye ukulala ngokukhawuleza, kunye nexesha lonke lokulala. Isigaba ngasinye sinempawu zayo. Isigaba sesibini sisoloko sahlukaniswa kwizigaba ezi-4, kuxhomekeke kwisilinganiselo sokucwiliswa ebuthongweni. Isiqalo sokuqala si-zero okanye sivukile. Isigaba sokuqala: umntu uziva elelekile aze aqale ukukhupha. Kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokuqala ubomi bomntwana buhlukaniswe kwiimitha ezi-ezintathu zeeyure, kuba kufuneka adla ngokutya, alale aze asuse inkunkuma emzimbeni. Ngeli thuba, umntwana ulala ephakathi kweeyure eziyi-16 ngosuku. Isigaba sesibini: lo bubuthongo obunzulu obuninzi. Isigaba sesithathu: iphupha lisenzulu, kunzima ukuvusa umntu kweli nqanaba lokulala. Isigaba sesine: iphupha eliphambili. Ukuvusa umntu kweli lizwe, kuya kuthatha imizuzu emininzi.
Ukulala ngokukhawuleza
Kwinqanaba elinye leliphupha libonakalisa ukunyuka kwamehlo okukhawuleza ukusuka kwicala ukuya kwelinye icala. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka phakathi kwamanqanaba okuqala neyesibini exesha lonke lokulala. Ngethuba lesigaba sokulala okuqhelekileyo, ingqondo ayinako umsebenzi wokugcina ulwazi kwimemori, ngoko asiyikhumbuli amaphupha esiwabona kweli nqanaba. Ephupheni, asikwazi ukulawula izihlunu zeengalo, imilenze, ubuso kunye nesiqu, kodwa isifo sokuphefumula, isisu, isifo senhliziyo kunye nesisifo somzimba jikelele siyaqhubeka. Inkumbulo iyaqhubeka isebenza, ngoko sikhumbula amaphupha ethu.
Ukutshintsha indlela yokulala ebusaneni:
- Ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi, imijikelezo yokulala nobusuku nobusuku bufana kakhulu. Ngenyanga yesibini, ubuthongo buba bunzulu kwaye bude bude ebusuku.
- Xa uneminyaka engama-1 umntwana ulala i-12-14 iiyure ngosuku, kubandakanya ii-2 ngamaxesha emini.
- Xa uneminyaka engama-12 ukuya kweye-18 umntwana umelana nokulala kwesinye imini, kodwa emva kokutya sakwazi ukuqhubeka elala aze aneminyaka engama-4.
- Xa uneminyaka engama-4 ukuya kwe-12, imodi yokulala yomntwana izuze ngokufana nokulawula komntu omdala: ilala ubude beeyure ezili-10 ngosuku, kwaye kuphela ebusuku. Abanye abaphandi baqaphela utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala ebusheni: ukulala emini, okuphambi komsebenzi wemini nokuvuka kuze kube sekuseni ebusuku ngeveki. Kubalulekile ukuba abatsha bafumane ukulala ngokwaneleyo, kodwa khumbula: akunakwenzeka ukulala "okulungileyo". Xa ubude ulala ngosuku, kunzima kakhulu ukulala ebusuku.
Iingxaki zokulala kwabantwana
- Ukungafuni ukulala. Abantwana beza nazo zonke iintlobo zeengqungquthela, zama ukuxhaphaza abazali babo, nje ukulibala ixesha lokulala. Abaninzi bacela abazali ukuba bahlale nabo ixesha elide de balala, okanye balala embhedeni yabazali babo.
- Abantwana banemigangatho epheleleyo - kunye nezicelo zokuzisa amanzi, ukubanga ebusuku, njl. Kuzo zonke iimeko, umntwana uzama ukutsala ingqalelo kwaye athathe imeko, ulawula abanye. Le ngxaki yokuziphatha, kufuneka iphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.
- Kuvuka ebusuku. Zingaba ngumphumo wokungafuni ukulala. Ngokuqhelekileyo umxholo wokuba uloyiko, kodwa injongo ephambili yomntwana ukulala nabazali okanye uthabathe omnye wabo embhedeni wabo. Kule meko, umntwana uyaqwalasela aze ahlasele abazali ngenxa yeenjongo zabo. Siphinde sibhekane nokuphulwa komsebenzi.
- Ukoyika ebusuku. Eli gama libhekisela kwiziganeko eziphindaphindiweyo zokuvuswa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lesithathu lokuqala lokulala (kwiimigangatho 3-4 zokulala), ngokusoloko kukhwankqisayo okanye ngezinyembezi. Isiqendu ngasinye sinxulumene nokukhathazeka okukhulu kunye nokubonakalisa ngokomzimba ezifana ne-tachycardia, i-dyspnea, i-sweating. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uyaphendula imibuzo engapheliyo, ibonakala edidekile kwaye edidekile, yenza ukunyakaza okungafaniyo, umzekelo, ukufaka kwi-pillow. Ukuba ulele ngaphambi kokuba angakunqumla intlungu, mhlawumbi, ngomso ozayo umntwana akayi kukukhumbula into. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le ngxaki ayingozi kwaye ayinakho unyango. Kodwa ukuba akukho phuculo lugcinwe, uvavanyo lwe-neurophysiological lungafuneka.
- Iingqungquthela. Bangela ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiko lokuhlwa. Umntwana uvuka ekhala okanye ekhala, kodwa unokumbuza ukuba yintoni engalunganga kwaye uyihlalise.
- Ukulala. Umntwana uphuma embhedeni, engavuki, amanyathelo azungeze egumbini okanye malunga nendlu. Izinto ezinjalo zibhekwa njengokuphula umthetho wokulala, obangelwa kukungagcini kweendlela ezijongene nokuphumula nokungahambi kakuhle. Unokwenza umntwana ube ne-encephalogram eqhubekayo xa elele ukufundela ukubonakaliswa kokulala. Ukuba iipasiti zokulala ziphindaphindiwe ngezihlandlo kwaye umntwana akazilimazi ngokwakhe, akayidingi unyango, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo uyayeka ukuhamba ephupheni. Ukuba ingxaki iyancipha, unokufuna ukuthatha iziyobisi ezifana ne-carbamazepine (enye dosi ngexesha lokulala).
- Ukungabikho. Ubunzima bokulala okanye ukuvuka phakathi kobusuku, emva koko umntwana akakwazi ukulala kwakhona, unxulumene neengxaki zokuxhalaba kunye neemeko ezixinezelekileyo. Ukungazinzanga kungabangela: izifo ezibangelwa yi-adenoid, apho kunesidima esithintekayo sokuxhatshazwa, kunye nezinye izidakamizwa ezichasene nomkhuhlane-theophylline, ephedrine kunye ne-beta-adrenergic. Ukungazinzanga kunokudibaniswa nama-analgesics aqukethe i-caffeine, kwaye ahla empumlweni nge-pseudoephedrine. Ukuba umntwana unomdla kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba alele embhedeni, okanye imeko enjalo endlwini, umntwana uyabukela imiboniso yeTV kunye namafilimu angafanelanga ubudala, njl., Akayi kukwazi ukulala ngokukhawuleza. Ingcinezelo ebangelwa ukugula, ukulaliswa kwezibhedlele, iingxaki esikolweni, kunokukhokelela ekubhapheni kwabantwana. Ukuba ukulala kungapheli okanye kubuye kwakhona, umntwana uya kufuna uncedo lweengcali zeengqondo.
- Hypersomnia. Kule mpazamo, umntwana ulala emini. Ngamanye amaxesha i-hypersomnia ihambelana nokulala, ngokuqhelekileyo yindlela yokuphendula ngotshintsho lokulala okanye i-apnea. I-Hypersomnia iyakwenzeka ngexinzelelo. Ugqirha kufuneka afumene ukuba umntwana usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibangela ukulala - izixilongo, i-antihistamines, i-antitussives, amayeza ashushu, i-cyproheptadine, njl. Ukuba i-hypersomnia iqhubeka okanye ibuyele ngaphandle kwezizathu ezicacileyo, uvavanyo lwe-neurophysiological kunye ne-encephalogram eqhubekayo ngexesha lokulala lingafuneka.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-35% yabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala be-5 banenkxwaleko yokulala, apho i-2% kuphela ebangelwa iingxaki zengqondo ezifuna unyango. I-98% eseleyo yimiba emibi ehambelana nokulala. Inkqubo yokufunda ukulala iqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana, nangona ukuba iya kuqalisa ukulawula ubuthongo kuphela ngenyanga yesithathu yobomi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusabela ngokukhawuleza ebusuku ukukhala, ukufundisa umntwana ukuba alale kwisibhedlele, kungekhona ezandleni zakho, kunye nezibane. Ukulala ezandleni zakhe, umntwana ukulindele ukuba abekhona xa evuka, kwaye xa ezibona esesikhwameni, ulahlekile kwaye apheke. Ukutya akufanele kudibene nomntwana obuthongo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokutya ukuphazamisa umntwana ebuthongweni ngokukhanya, umculo, nezinye izinto ezivuthayo. Ku luncedo ukufaka kwisibhedlele izinto apho umntwana uya kujwayele ukudibanisa amathoyizi aphuphayo, iingubo, njl. Njengawe nawuphi na isifundo, kubalulekile ukuseka urhulumente: emva kokuhlamba kulandela isidlo, kulandelwa iphupha.
Kunconywa ukubeka umntwana embhedeni yonke into ngokuhlwa-ngexesha lama-20 ukuya kwe-21, ukwenzela ukuba alungiselele umbhede. Kuwuncedo ukuzisa isithethe esiqabulayo sokulala-umzekelo, ukufunda iifriythi okanye ukuthandaza. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ngisho nomntwana omncinci ukuba abazali bamfundise ukulala ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko akafanele acele ukuba balale okanye balibale ukulala kwabo. Umntwana kufuneka alele, ekungabikho kwabazali kwigumbi lokulala. Ukuba umntwana uyakhala, ungaya okanye umjonge (ulinde imizuzu emihlanu) ukuzola, uthetha encinci, kodwa ungalandeli ukuba udibane okanye ulale. Umntwana kufuneka aqonde ukuba akayekanga. Ngoku siyazi indlela yokuphelisa ukuphulwa komntwana ebuthongweni.