Ingxaki yobuthongo obuntwaneni ngenye yezona zinto zixutyushwa rhoqo kumama kwindawo yokudlala. "Akayi kulala nonke!" - ukhononda unina ophelile. Enyanisweni, umntwana wakhe ulele, njengabantwana bonke, 16-17, okanye iiyure eziyi-20 ngosuku. Kodwa ukwenza oko "ngokungalunganga" ukusuka kwimbono yomntu omdala, ngoko-ke angenasiphelo kwaye ingenasiphelo sokuthi ingcamango iyahluke - umntwana akalala! Ngokucacileyo, umbuzo oyintloko awukho ukuba umntwana ulele kangakanani, kodwa njani kwaye xa akwenza.
Kwisigqi sayo
Usana luzalwa luneengqungquthela ezingaphelelwanga zemihla ngemihla. Nangona esibelekweni sikamama, wayephikisana nonina: walala xa evukile, waza waqala ukugubha ngokukhawuleza malunga nokuba unina wayesekuphumleni. Usana olusandul 'usana lulala ngobuninzi bemihla, kodwa ludluli ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-90 kumqolo.
Uphantse kakhulu unomjikelezo wokulala. Ngako oko, ukulala kuwele ama-snatches kunye nomama.
Kwimizuzu engama-2 ukuya kwe-8 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-4 ijikeleze, ehlala isigxina kuze kube ziinyanga ezi-3. Kodwa mhlawumbi uya kufuneka ulinde ubusuku obuqhubekayo bokulala ixesha elide: kuphela omnye kwabayishumi beminyaka yobudala angalala malunga nobusuku bonke, kwaye enye i-10% ayiyi kufunda le ngunyaka.
Ngeminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwe-5 ubudala, abantwana balala ngeesithuba ezili-12 iiyure ngosuku, ngoko ke lo manani uyahla ukuya ku-10. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba idatha ewanikwayo yimiqathango ephakathi. Okwangoku, ngamnye umntwana ngumntu, ngoko mhlawumbi umntwana wakho akayi kuphumla ngokubanzi njengoko kuboniswe kule tafile. Okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, "ulala", kwaye akanalo ixesha "lokulala" ixesha.
Isiqulatho esisekwe ngokusemgangathweni senziwa ngokumalunga neminyaka engama-2 ubudala, kwaye kubazali kuba lukhulu olukhulu. Kodwa ngelo xesha lixesha eli lixa abantwana baqala "ukulungelelanisa" ixesha elide, badinga ixesha elingakumbi lokulala.
Iphupha elinjalo
Iphupha lomntwana alifani. Njengoko uyazi, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokulala: "ukukhawuleza" ukulala ngamaphupha kunye nokulala "okuphucayo" ngaphandle kwamaphupha. Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsana, uhlobo lokuqala lokulala luyaqhubeka - alukaze lenze iwashi ye-biological yangaphakathi. Ngethuba lokulala "okukhawuleza" okunjalo, kunokunyuka okunyukayo, ama-grimaces amancinci, ukugcoba, ukumamatheka. Oku akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka, nangona kunjalo, qha ga mshelana nodokotela wezilwanyana ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwinto engunaphakade.
Umntu omdala ngexesha lamaphupha ubona amaphupha. Kwaye umntwana? Ewe, naye uphupha into. Ngaphezu koko, inani lamaphupha a tyelela umntwana, luza kubonelela amehlo abantu abadala! Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafakazela ukuba ekuqaleni kweeveki ezingama-25 ukuya ku-30 zokukhulelwa, umntwana okhulelwe unalo iphupha, okwangoku libona lihlala lisoloko lisoloko libona. Emva kokuzalwa, isabelo "sokulala ngokukhawuleza" ngamaphupha sinciphisa sibe ngama-60%. Yintoni ebona umntwana, kutheni kukho amaphupha kwaye yintoni indima yamaphupha ekuphuhlisweni kwengane, ayilungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iphupha lomntwana lifana neseshoni ye-movie, kuphela "kwisikrini" kuboniswe ngolunye uhlobo lweenkcukacha ezigcinwe ngezofuzo kwimemori. Kutheni? Kuphuhliso, ingqondo kufuneka isebenze, iqeqeshwe, kwaye ilapha itanduva ngokwalo ndlela. Oku, kudala, ivelisa iimvakalelo zomntwana kunye nokucinga kwakhe. Kubantu abadala, ngoko ke, uhlobo lwamaphupha luhluke: amaphupha ayenzelwe inkqubo yokukhumbula nokucwangcisa ulwazi oluqokelelwa ngalolo suku. Ngokweminyaka yobudala, inani "lokukhawuleza" lokulala emntwaneni linciphisa kwaye malunga neenyanga ezi-8, njengabantu abadala, kuphela 20-25% kwithuba elipheleleyo lokulala.
Kodwa ukungafezeki kweso lesibini lezinto zangaphakathi kuphela esinye sezizathu zokuba abantwana abasanda kulala balele ngecala. Esinye isizathu silambile. Abantwana badla amacandelo amancinci baze bavuke indlala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba usuku lusegadini okanye ebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, ngeenyanga ezintathu zokuqala, umntwana uya kuqala ukulungelelanisa ulawulo lwakhe lokulala kulawulo lukaMama, kwaye nokulala kuya kuba ngaphantsi: emva kokuzalwa, uya kuba neeyure ezine "zokuthula" emini, kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintathu uhamba ebuthongweni bemini emini. Kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bomntwana, umsebenzi womama ukumondla, makabuyisele umoya aze amlale kwakhona.
Kunye okanye ngokwahlukileyo?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ebusuku. Kwada kwinyanga e zintathu ubudala, umntwana onqabileyo ulala ubusuku bonke. Ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ebusuku ukudala iimeko ezithile ezingayi kuvumela umntwana ukuba avuke ngokucacileyo. Musa ukudlala nayo, musa ukuvula ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Kukho nkcukacha enye ebalulekileyo: umntwana kufuneka afundiswe ukuba alele, ukujwayela ukuba ubusuku bonke ulele ebusuku. Iinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zobomi bakhe zivumelekile ukuvumela umntwana ukuba alale ngexesha lokutya okanye ukugula. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwenza isithethe sokulungiselela ukulala.
Ukuthetha ngobuthongo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungathinteli kwimiba eminye - iphupha elidibeneyo labazali nomntwana. Kukho imibono emibili ephikisanayo: abanye bakholelwa ukuba umntwana akafanele alale nabazali bakhe, abanye bathi ukulala okuzinzileyo nokukhululekile kunokuphela kuphela xa umntwana elele kumama. Abaxhasayo bezimvo zombini baya kufumana iingxabano ezifanelekileyo ekukhuseleni iinjongo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo apho umntwana kufuneka alale khona, nokuba kunjani na, ngabazali kuphela. Ewe, imeko efanelekileyo xa umntwana elala ngokulala ekhupheni yakhe okanye ekhulayo. Zama kwaye uya kumfundisa kulo. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo ekamelweni, vula umculo othobekileyo okanye uqhube umdlalo womculo, umculele nge-lullaby ethule. Yonke le nto iya kuba yinto eya kunceda umntwana alele.
Ukuphulwa kwephupha labantwana
Umonde omncinci, kwaye ekugqibeleni umntwana uya kufunda ukuzola kwaye alele. Kodwa ukuba umntwana uyakhala, ungashiyi ukukhala okungaphenduliweyo. Ingane encinci ukuba ingaqondi ukuba kutheni umama engalibali iifowuni zakhe. Ukongezelela, uncedo lwamama luhlala lufuneka!
Kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kudla ukudibana nokutya okukhawuleza, oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana kufuneka adle.
Ukusa kwiinyanga ezintathu, imbangela yobuthongo obubi busuku busenokuba ngumzimba we-intestinal colic ehambelana nokungahlambuluki kwephepha lezinyama. Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhelekileyo bubonakala kwiminyaka eyi-2 kunye neyokugqibela kwiminyaka eyi-100. Kwisiqingatha sabantwana abane-colic ukuphuculwa kuza kwiinyanga ezi-2, kwaye kwezinye i-colic ziza kudlulela kwiinyanga ezi-4-5. Abantwana abasesidlo sokufakelwa, abanokuthi bangabonakali umxube wezondlo. Kukho nawuphi na, qinisa imbangela yokumemeza kunye nokujongana nale ngxaki iza kunceda udokotela wezilwanyana, oya kuthi anike imithi eyanciphisa ubunzima bentsana.
Ngokungeniswa kwesondlo esongezelelweyo, izifo ezingapheliyo zokulala zingabangelwa kukutya kokutya kokutya ezithile, ngokukodwa i-salicylates, eziqulethwe kwizongezo zokutya, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, iziqhamo ze-citrus. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ubudala obudala le ngxaki ingaba ifanelekileyo ukuba umama akahambisani nokutya. Ukuba awukhupheli izigulane, ukulala kuya kuqheleka emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-5-6 ubudala, ubangelwa ubuthongo bokulala ubusuku nobusuku bungaba kunye nokukhupha amazinyo. Intlungu inamandla ngokwaneleyo, kunye nomntwana olele kakuhle phambi kokuba avuke kaninzi ebusuku. Uncedo kulo mzekelo unako ukuguqulwa kwee-painkillers zendawo, apho udokotela wezingane uza kukuphakamisa.
Oomama abaninzi bayagxuma kwibhande ngalinye elibuthathaka lomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokulala, umntwana usoloko ekhupha izandi ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, i-sobs xa usuka kwisigaba esinye sokulala kwesinye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubusuku busuku buhlala rhoqo, ngokokuqala, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba akukho nkunkuma yonyango yokuphazamiseka kokulala. Ugqirha kufuneka ahlolisise umntwana ngokucophelela ukwenzela ukulawula izifo eziqhelekileyo.
Yaye ubusuku bovuko buya kuhambelana nento yokuba umntwana ufuna nje ingqalelo yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana kufuneka aziva nje ubukho bakho egumbini, yiva ilizwi lakho. Kwanele ukuya kumntwana, ulibethe, uthathe ngesandla. Ngomntwana oneminyaka ezintandathu ubudala, kuyimfuneko ukunamathela kwisithethe sokulala. Esi siko siya kudlala ezandleni zetyala, emva kweenyanga ukuya ku-9-10, xa kubonakala ingxaki yohlobo oluhluke ngokupheleleyo - umntwana kunzima ukulala. Kulo nyaka umntwana uqala ukuqonda into eyenzekayo, kwaye ukulala kuye kufana nokuhlukana, ngoko ukulala ukulala kungaba yinkqubo ende kakhulu. Kunengqiqo ukwenza inxalenye yesiko lokulala esitokisini sakho ozithandayo, esiya kumnika umxholo wokhuseleko. Kule minyaka, umntwana usuphendulele kwizinto ezenzeka kuye, ngokukodwa, imeko kwintsapho. Okwangoku, ukulala ngenxa yokungazinzi kungabangelwa yimpazamo ekukhuliseni umntwana, xa abazali ngokwabo bakha imeko ebangela ukuba kube nokuphazamiseka kokulala.
Ngonyaka malunga ne-5% yabantwana baqala ukukhwaza kwiphupha. Kule meko, kufuneka ufunde ugqirha kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho zanda kwiioni kunye nee-adenoids. Amadenoids amaninzi ngamanye amaxesha angayifumana ngokupheleleyo i-airways kwaye inokukhokelela ekuphepheni kwe-apnea. Ukuphefumula okufutshane kufana ephupheni kwenza ubusuku buphumle kwaye bungabikho mveliso, kwaye ngokukhawuleza luhamba kunye nokunyuka kwe-sweating, i-enuresis, ukwesaba kobusuku nobusuku.
Iingqungquthela ezibonakalayo zingabonakala kumntwana kwaye "njengaye," ngenxa yesizathu esicacileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenzekayo kwiminyaka engama-2 kwaye idibaniswa neziganeko zophuhliso lwengqondo kweli nqanaba lobomi. Le mibonakalo ayifanele ibangele abazali ukuba bathuke, kuba abantwana abangakaze bafumane ubusuku bokulala okanye, ubuncinci, ukulala ngokuxhalabisayo, bahlukile kwimithetho. Ubusuku obusongelayo kunye neendlongo, ukuvuka ngokukhawuleza nokulala ngokungapheliyo konke kukubonakalisa ukukhathazeka kwangaphakathi komntwana, ngoko uhlala ufuna ukufumana isizathu sale miqathango. Ukuqonda olu luncedo ngoncedo lweengqondo zabantwana.
Indlela yokwenza umntwana alele ngokulile?
Ukuseka ubuthongo obuhle kumntwana wonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kufuneka uhambelane nale migaqo elandelayo.
• Musa ukuvusa umntwana ngenjongo, nokuba ngaba lixesha lokulondla - kuba kungenxa yoko uphula umthetho kwiwashi yakhe ye-biological.
• Ngaphambi kokubeka umntwana, qiniseka ukuba ugcwele.
• Ukutya okubusuku kufuneka kube nokuthula, ukukhanya kufuneka kulungiswe, kwaye ukuthetha kwakho nomntwana kuncinci.
Ubuthongo bokulala ngabantwana akusiyo yonke isizathu sokuba amalungu omkhaya ahambe ngeenxa zonke kwindlu aze alahle iTV okanye i-radiyo. Ukusebenzisa ukulala ekuthuleni okupheleleyo, umntwana uya kuvuka ukusuka nasiphi na i-rustle. Ngaphambili uqeqeshe umntwana ukuba alale phantsi kwezandi eziqhelekileyo zendlu, kuya kuba lula kuwe kwixesha elizayo.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ebuntwaneni 10-12 kuyacetyiswa ukuba ushiye ubusuku bokutya. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ube nesibindi kwaye ukhuthazelele imiva yeveki malunga neveki: umntwana, engazange afumaneke, ufuna ukuzola ngaphakathi kwesiqingatha seyure, kwaye ungene kwi-regime entsha ngaphandle kokubunzima.
• Ebudeni bemini, ukutya akufanele kukhange, kodwa ujonge: imidlalo kunye nemilolotelo yokunyumba, iingoma ezihlekisayo kunye nokuhleka, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwamkelekile.
• Musa ukukhawuleza kumntwana kwi-first sobs: mhlawumbi ubona iphupha.
• Beka umntwana ukulala ngexesha elifanayo. Oku kuza kuseka iwashi lwangaphakathi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenza kakubi.
• Musa ukuvumela umntwana okhulile ukuba adlale kwisibhedlele-kufuneka adibene kuphela nokulala. Ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana efunda ukunyuka kwisibhedlele, kuyafaneleka ukuziqinisekisa ngokukhusela kwakhe: pha kamisa emacaleni ombhede, susa amathoyizi athambileyo kunye neentsimbi ezivela kuyo uze ukhangele ukuzinza kwayo.
• Ngokufutshane nomntwana oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, gcina isithethe sokulala, yenza ukuba yingxenye yentonti yakho eyintandokazi, eyohlala ihlala naye embhedeni aze anike uvakalelo lokuzinza nokuzithemba.
Ngokuqhelekileyo konke oku kunokwanela ukujamelana neengxaki ezininzi zobuthongo obuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuphulwa kuyagcinwa ngaphezu kweenyanga, kuyafaneleka ukufuna uncedo lochwepheshe. Ukunyangwa kwenkathazo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuya kuba lula kwaye kukhawuleza kunokuba unqobe umgangatho wokungahoywa.