Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yemfundo eRashiya

Isakhiwo semfundo kwinkqubo yaseRashiya ifana kakhulu neenkqubo zemfundo kwamanye amazwe aseSoviet. Ngaphandle kwemibono ethile, isakhiwo senkqubo simele sifane ne-Ukrainian neBelarusian. Kuze kube namhlanje, wonke umntu unelungelo lokufumana imfundo eRashiya. Kakade, iinkqubo zemfundo zinemiphumo yazo, kodwa zanele ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba ufuna, wonke umntu unokufumana imfundo ephezulu yamahhala. Into ephambili kukuba umntu ufuna ukufunda kwaye unolwazi olwaneleyo.

Imfundo yaseplasini

Akukho nto ilukhuni kwisakhiwo semfundo yaseRussia. Kodwa ukuqonda zonke iinguqu, siya kuthetha malunga nesi sakhiwo, ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Isigaba sokuqala semfundo yinkqubo yokufunda esikolweni. Olu hlobo lwemfundo luquka i-nurseries kunye ne-nursergartens. Ngoku e-Russia kukho zombini amaziko angasese asekuhlaleni kunye noluntu. Ngako oko, abazali banethuba lokunika umntwana kwisiko abacinga ukuba bafanelekileyo. Kodwa ukuqeqeshwa kwiziko elizimeleyo kubalulekile ukuhlawula umrhumo othile. Unako ukunika abantwana kwi-creche ukususela kumzuzwana xa umntwana ejika omnye unyaka ubudala. Kulapho, abantwana bafikelela kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Kwizingane zontanga ziqala ukuthatha ezintathu. Baqedela imfundo yabo yangaphambi kwesikolo kule sikhungo ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukufumana imfundo yasesikolweni kungekho mfuneko. Ngoko ke, yonke into ixhomekeke kwiminqweno yabazali. Kwakhona, inxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-pre-school. Ziye zavela nje kutshanje, kodwa ke, zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabazali. Kuloo bantwana bangaphambi kokufunda esikolweni banganikwa i-five to half years. Apha, abantwana bafunda ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nokuqonda ezinye izifundo ezisisiseko, ezizilungiselelo zemfundo yesikolo.

Imfundo ji kelele

Ukongezelela, isakhiwo semfundo siquka imfundo jikelele. Ngokuhambelana nemithetho yaseRashiya, ikwahlula kwiinqanaba eziliqela kwaye iquka imfundo ephakamileyo yemfundo jikelele, imfundo jikelele kunye nemfundo epheleleyo.

Ukufumana imfundo yamabanga aphantsi, umntwana kufuneka afinyelele kwiminyaka emithandathu okanye eyisixhenxe. Yiyo ke loo nto abazali abangayithumela esikolweni, i-lyceum okanye i-gymnasium. Ngoxa ufunda esikolweni samabanga aphansi, umntwana unelungelo lokufumana ulwazi oluyisiseko ekufundeni, ukubhala, izibalo, isiRashiya nezinye izifundo.

Emva kokuphela kwesikolo esiprayimari, eneminyaka emithandathu ubudala, abantwana bangena esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo. Kwiziko lesibini, imfundo yenzeka kwiminyaka emihlanu. Emva kokuphela kwebanga lesithoba, umfundi kufuneka akhuphe isatifiketi semfundo yesibini yesikolo. Ngesi siqinisekiso angafaka isicelo sokwamkelwa kwibakala leshumi yesikolo, i-gymnasium okanye i-lyceum. Kwakhona, umfundi unelungelo lokuthatha amaxwebhu aze afake isikolo sobugcisa, iikholeji okanye iikholeji.

Isigaba sokugqibela semfundo jikelele sifundo semfundo epheleleyo. Kuphela iminyaka emibili kwaye emva kokugqitywa kwabafundi baphumelele iimviwo zokugqibela kwaye bafumana izatifikethi zemfundo ephakamileyo.

Uqeqesho lwemfundo

Emva koko, siya kuthetha malunga nabantwana baseRussia abangafunda emva kwesikolo. Enyanisweni, ukhetho lwabo lukhulu ngokwaneleyo. Abahlali baseRussia Federation banelungelo lokufumana imfundo ephakamileyo yemfundo, imfundo yezemfundo yesibini okanye imfundo epheleleyo.

Imfundo yezemfundo esemgangathweni yimfundo, efunyenwe kwii lyceums ezizodwa, kwizikolo zobugcisa okanye nakwamanye amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo yemfundo. La maziko angaphathwa ngokubini emva kweyesi-9 kwaye emva kweshumi leshumi elinanye. Ukuqeqeshwa emva kweklasi leshumi elinanye kuthatha ixesha elincinci lexesha, ekubeni abafundi abafundanga izifundo eziqhelekileyo kwishumi leshumi kwiprogram yebanga leshumi.

Imfundo yezemfundo yesibini yinto abafundi abangena kuzo kwizikolo zobugcisa kunye neekholeji. Oku kuya kwenziwa emva kweyesithoba, nangemva kweshumi elinanye ibanga.

Imfundo ephakamileyo

Ewe, ngoku sithuthela kwisinyathelo sokugqibela semfundo-imfundo ephakamileyo. Ngokuhambelana nomthetho weRussia Federation, amaziko ephakamileyo, iikoyunivesithi kunye neemfundo zithathwa njengeziko lemfundo ephakamileyo. Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo achazwa njengamaziko karhulumente, kunye nabangasese. Abafundi banokufunda kwiziko elinjalo kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwimithandathu. Ukuba umfundi ufunde iminyaka emine, ufumana i-bachelor degree, i-five-specialist, i-six degree-master degree. Kwimeko apho umfundi uye wafunda ubuncinane ubuncinane iminyaka emibini, kodwa akaphumelelanga kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, kucingwa ukuba ufumene imfundo ephakamileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba emva kokugqitywa kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo umntu unelungelo elipheleleyo lokufumana imfundo yezemfundo eziyimpumelelo. Ewe, imfundo enjalo inokufunyanwa kuphela ukuba kukho imfundo ephezulu yezemfundo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto ekhethekileyo umfundi ayenayo, unokufunda kwisifundo esiphelweni, ukudibanisa, ukufundela izifundo, izifundo zoogqirha okanye ukuhlala.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula enye inxalenye yesakhiwo semfundo eRashiya - amaziko anika iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo zemfundo. Ezi ziquka izikolo zezemidlalo kunye nomculo. Imfundo enjalo ayikho imbopheleleko, kodwa kunoko, ukuphuhlisa. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokupheliswa kwesikhungo semfundo umfundi ufumana idiploma yesampuli yesimo apho ingafika, umzekelo, kwisikolo somculo.

Ukuqulunqa, singatsho ukuba isakhiwo sezemfundo saseRussia sisebenzela abantu baseli lizwe ukuba babe nethuba lokufunda. Wonke umntu ofuna, ngolwazi olufunekayo, unokukhetha ukhethekileyo kuye kunye neziko lemfundo apho angayifumana khona imfundo. Ukususela esikolweni, abafundi banethuba lokukhetha izifundo zeprofayili, eziza kuba sisiseko sokufumana umsebenzi wabo okhethiweyo.