Biography kaFrida Kahlo

I-Biography yomculi odumileyo waseMexico unomxube oqhaqhaqhayo lweemvakalelo eziqhakazileyo, amava e-lyrical, enzulu kwaye ngexesha elifanayo imbonakalo engabonakaliyo ebomini, kwiimveli zothando kunye nentlungu engapheliyo. Emva kokufa kwakhe, abantu abazange bahlale nje ngemifanekiso yakhe, kodwa kwakhona le ngqungquthela, ehambelana nentsimbi iya kuthi, uthando olunomdla kunye neengxaki zempilo ezahlukileyo kwisabelo salo mfana omncinci kunye nobuthathaka. Abaqondisi baseHollywood baxhamla ilungelo lokudubula ifilimu ngaye, ngokusekelwe ebomini bakhe bayibeka i-ballet kwaye akukho mveliso yonyango. Yaye nangona iphantse iminyaka engama-60 ukususela ekufeni kwakhe, uyaqhubeka emthanda kwaye emnqula namhlanje. Ubunzima buntwaneni
Uzalwa uFlala Kalo kwisiqephu saseMexico City - iKokokane ngoJulayi 6, 1907. UBawo Guilermo Kalo wayengumYuda ongumHungary owayefudukela kwelinye ilizwe, wayezibandakanya ekufotheni, kwaye unina kaMitylda Kalo wayengumSpanish ozelwe eMelika. Ukususela esemncinci, uFrieda wayexhatshazwa ngenxa yokugula kunye nokuhlupheka. Ngoko, eneminyaka engama-6 ubudala ubudala wayenomsoco, obangela ukuba iingxaki zenzeke kwi-bone system, kwaye intombazana yahlala ikhubaze ubomi - amathambo omnye wemilenze yakhe yaba yincinci. Ekubuntwaneni bakhe esitrato, waxutywa ngenxa yale "mlenze weFerda - bone". Kodwa intombazana enqabileyo yonke inhlanhla isabakhokela ngokukhawuleza abamelwane kunye nebhokisi kwaye kwanebhokisi. Kwaye emlenzeni wakhe omncinci, onobuhlungu wawabeka kwiisitokiswana ezimbalwa kangangokuthi wayebukeka enempilo.

Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-16 wayeniswa esikolweni "Pripatoria" kwi-Faculty yezoLimo, apho wakhawuleza wafumana igunya elingenakuphikiswa phakathi kwabafundi ngenxa yesimo sesinyithi sakhe kunye nokuxhalabisa.

Inkxwaleko kunye nokuqala kwendlela yokudala
Xa uneminyaka eyi-18, i-first break of two fractures important. Ngobusuku lwindla, wayebuyela ekhaya kunye nomhlobo wakhe xa imoto yabo yahlaselwa kwi-tram ngesivinini esiphezulu. Le nsizwa yaphonswa kwipembelelo ngefestile, kodwa yaphuma kunye nezivalo ezikhanyayo. UFrida wayenenhlanhla kakhulu. Intonga yentsimbi esuka kwiTram igxinwe esiswini sayo, yahlaba i-peritoneum kunye nesisu, nto leyo ekugqibeleni iphela ekuzalweni kwayo. I-hip ephukile, ukulimala emgodini kwiindawo eziliqela, iinguqu ezilishumi elinanye zeepilisi ezinomisi omile, ukuchithwa kweenyawo kunye ne-clavicle ...

UFrieda wenza imisebenzi engaphezu kwe-30. Kodwa unxano lobomi kunye nomkhwa wokulwa kuze kube sekugqibeleni unamandla, kwaye nangona kwakunobungozi obubi, wema kwaye akazange aphelelwe yintliziyo. Kamva wayedla ngokuphindaphindileyo esibhedlele waza wachitha iinyanga eziliqela apho-imiphumo yengozi yaqhutyelwa ubomi bakhe bonke. Emva kwentlekele leyo, wachitha phantse unyaka elele embhedeni wesibhedlele. Yaye yilapho eyithatha imibala. Kumculi we-novice wakwazi ukubhala ngaphandle kokuphuma ebhedeni, wakha iselula esikhethekileyo kwaye wafaka phezu kombhede isibonakaliso esikhulu apho intombazana yayibona khona. UFrida waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa kunye nama-self-portraits, eyayilungiselela yonke imisebenzi yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. "Ndiyibhala, kuba ndihlala ndedwa ndedwa, kwaye kuba mna ndiyazi kakuhle," kutsho uKalo kamva.

Indoda yobomi bonke
Ubomi besibini ebudeni bukaFelda kwakuqhelana nomyeni wakhe wexesha elizayo, uGeorge Rivera. Wayengomnye wabaculi abanomdla kunye nabadumileyo eMexico ngelo xesha. Ukongezelela, wayengumsekeli okhuselekileyo weengcamango zobukhomanisi, umchasi wenkqubo yesigqeba kunye nesithethi sokuqala.

Ukubonakala kweRiveira kwakunomdla kakhulu: inkunzi enkulu eneenwele eziphazamisekileyo, isisu esikhulu kunye nesiso esincinci. Kwimizobo yakhe, uDego ngokwakhe wayedla ngokuzibonakalisa ngesimo sokukhupha intonga enobunzima obambe intliziyo yomntu. Kwaye ke, abafazi beza kuye, kwaye akazange abashiye ngaphandle kokunyamekela. Kwaye emva kokuba avume ukuba "xa ndithanda abafazi, ngakumbi ndifuna ukubabandezeleka." Le yiyo yonke iRivera. Kwaye u-Frida omncinci wawa phantsi kobuhle bakhe.

Badibana xa uFrida wayeseselula. U-Diego Rivera waphanda iindonga esikolweni "Pripatoria", apho wafunda khona. Wayesekhulile kuneminyaka engama-20. Umntwana osemncinane wesikolo wazama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuba anike ingqalelo yalo mculi ohloniphekileyo, owaziwayo kunye nomhle kakhulu. Wagijima emva kwakhe, ehlekisa "uFesto omdala," kwaye ngelinye ilanga wavakalisa ngokuqinisekileyo abafundi bakhe: "Ngokuqinisekileyo ndiya kutshata le masi." Ngoko ke konke kuye kwavela. Emva kwengozi yemoto kwaye unyaka onzima kwisibhedlele esibhedlele uFrida waya ku-Diego ukuba abonise umsebenzi wabo obhaliweyo kule ngxaki. U-Riveira wamangaliswa, nangona kunjalo, engaziwa, ngakumbi: umzobo weKalo okanye ngokwakhe.

Batshata xa uFrieda eneminyaka engama-22 ubudala. Emva komtshato, bafudukela kwiindawo ezilandelelanayo "emva kwendlu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" - indawo yokuhlala yombala we-indigo, eseMexico City, edlalwa kwiindawo zokukhupha zikaFrida.

Ubomi bentsapho engaqhelekanga kunye nobuchule
Ubomi bentsapho kaFrida Kahlo noDego Reveira befana ne-volcano. Ulwalamano lwabo lwalugcwele umonde nomlilo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lizele ukuhlushwa kunye nomona. Kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuqala kobomi bentsapho, uDego watshintsha uFrda kunye nodadewabo. Kwaye akazange afihle ngoku ngokupheleleyo, eyazi ukuba intlungu yakhe umfazi uyabangela. KuFrida, kwaba ngumsindo kumva. Ukugqithisezela inzondo nokukrakra, wathululela iimvakalelo zakhe kwinqwelo. Mhlawumbi wabhala enye yeyona nto ibuhlungu ngayo imisebenzi yakhe: intombazana efile ilele phantsi, umzimba wayo uguqulwe kakhulu, kwaye ngaphezu kwayo kukho umbulali, ebambe ingqayi esandleni sakhe kwaye engakhange amkhathalele kwixhoba lakhe: "Ziqhankqalazo ezimbalwa!" - isihloko esicatshulweyo nesichukumisayo esinomxholo wesithombe.

UFrida walimala yindoda yakhe yokusinda waza waqalisa ukunyamezela. URiveira wayethukuthele ngale ndlela yokuziphatha komfazi wakhe. U-Sam owayengumfazi onxungulekileyo, wayenomona onomona kwaye engavumiyo kwiimvanoveli zomfazi wakhe.

Kwakukho amahemuhemu ngo-Frida kunye noLeon Trotsky. Ihlazo lokuguquguquka kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, efika eMexico, yahlala endlwini yama-communist ideological of Calo noReveira, kwaye yayithandana neFida ephilayo kwaye ekhangayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthanda kwabo kwakungekho ixesha elide. Kuthiwa umculi osemncinci wayekhatywe ngongxowankulu "yindoda endala" kwaye kwafuneka ahambe "endlwini eluhlaza".

Ayikwazi ukulwa nokungathembeki kunye nokuxabana okuqhubekayo, uFrida noDelie banquma ukuqhawula umtshato ngo-1939. UFrida uya eMelika, apho ukudweba kwakhe kudume kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uziva enesizungu kwaye ephazamisekile eNew York. Ukongezelela, ukuhlukana, abatshatileyo baqaphela ukuba nangona kukho konke ukungafani, abakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle komnye. Kwaye ngoko ngo-1940 baphinda batshata kwaye abazange bahlukane.

Esi sibini sasingakwazi ukufumana umntwana. Nangona le migudu ayizange ibashiye ixesha elide. Izihlandlo ezintathu uTrda wayekhulelwe, kodwa zonke izihlandlo ezintathu ukukhulelwa kwaphela ekuphumuleni. Umculi othanda ukuthatha abantwana. Kodwa inxalenye enkulu ifile. Nangona ubuninzi beemifanekiso zakhe zizele ngokukhanya, ilanga, ubomi, umbala wesizwe kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo, kodwa kukho iindawo ezinokubangela ukudakumba, ukukhathazeka kunye neenkohlakalo. Emva koko, imisebenzi yakhe ibonakalisa ubomi bakhe: eqaqambileyo kwaye ibuhlungu ngexesha elifanayo.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela uFrida uye wachitha ubophelele kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile - inzondo enkulu ayimniki ukuphumla, kakhulu kangangokuthi wenza enye imisebenzi emthonjeni kwaye uyigxotha umlenze wakhe.

UFrieda Kalo wabulawa ngo-1954 esuka kwiphumeyoni xa eneminyaka engama-47 ubudala. "Ndilinde ngoxolo, xa ndihamba kweli hlabathi kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba angayi kubuya." I-Frida "ngamazwi okugqibela abhaliweyo kwincwadi yakhe yedayari, amagama okungahambi kweli hlabathi. Ngomngcwabo wakhe, ulwandle lwababamkeli, abaxhamli kunye nabaqabane-bandla bahlanganisene. Emva kokufumana ukuqaphela kunye nokuthandwa okukhulu ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, uyaqhubeka ekhuthaza abantu abaninzi nangemva kokufa kwakhe.