Ephakamileyo ubukhulu besikhumba, isezantsi ngumyinge wokunyamezela kwayo. Ukuba ufumana naluphi na ulusu okanye uphendule, ufanele uthintane neengcali (uphando, uphemistri okanye i-cosmetologist). Akuyimfuneko ukudibanisa uhlobo loluntu lolusu kunye nezimbangela zokubonakala, umlinganiselo wobubele kunye nemeko yesikhumba ngokubanzi, nganye yeeparameters ingaba ngumntu ngamnye. Zonke iintlobo zekhumba azikhuseli kule ngxaki, kodwa nganye yazo inomdla ngendlela yayo. Ingxaki yobuzwe besikhumba ifundwa ngokubanzi, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba yiziphi izinto ezithonya ukubonakala kwayo.
Zonke izizathu eziphambili zinokuhlukaniswa ngokwemimiselo zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:
- I-Endogenous - inxulumene nesimo semvelo;
- Engaqhelekanga-ezivela kwinqanaba lexesha;
- Idibaniselwano - intlangano yesibini edlulileyo.
Kwimeko apho kubangelwa khona ukukhathazeka kwesikhumba, oku kubangelwa ukungalingani okanye umphumo wezinto ezinobungozi, ngenxa yempembelelo yengqondo njengengcinezelo, ukukhathala; somatic - izifo, okanye zangaphandle - imeko engendawo, isimo sezulu, ukungabikho komzimba.
Isikhumba esiye saboniswa kwimiphumo yokuziqhenqa ngokugqithiseleyo, umzekelo ngexesha lokukhangela iikhemikhali, lingaba luncedo.
Kwiziko leFransi le-Epidermal kunye noPhando oluPhando kunye noPhando (CE.RIES), ngexesha lophando, unxibelelwano lufunyenwe phakathi kobubele besikhumba kunye nezinto ezifana nokuphila kunye neemeko zendalo.
Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ukudeka kwelanga elide kunokuchaphazela kancinci isikhumba esibuhlungu. Isibonakaliso sesikhumba esibuhlungu ngokuqhelekileyo sibomvu, inzwa yokubetha okanye ukutshisa, kunye nokunyuka okomile kwesikhumba. Ulusu olunjalo luyakwazi ukusabela kwiindlela zokuzongcola ukunyamekela ubuso okanye iziqholo zokuhlobisa. Xa uqhuba uphando lwabesetyhini eYurophu, malunga nama-60% abantu abaphenduliweyo bathi bacinga ukukhusela i-skin yabo kwaye ama-5-10% abo akwazi ukubiza igama lelifa. Oku kubonisa ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani izinto ezinzima (uxinzelelo, imeko engqongileyo yendalo, njl) kunye nokwanda kwenani labasetyhini abane-"skin syndrome" engenakuqinisekiswa. Iingcali zibonisa ukuba ezi ngxaki zobomi ezivela kwintlalo yanamhlanje
Inani labasetyhini abanomhlaza okhulileyo lukhulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye oku kubangelwa ukuba le meko inokuchaphazela nabani na, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lolusu.
Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ovakalelo
Kukho amanqanaba amaninzi ovelwano, oyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kumntu ngokwakhe okanye ngexesha lonyaka. Ubunqabileyo obunjani besikhumba luyakuchaphazela ukubonakala kobubele. Ezinye izinto zingenza ngcono le nkqubo, ngoko ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okonqabileyo okanye obomileyo kunomdla kakhulu. Ikhumba elincinci kakhulu nelincinane kakhulu - liyinkxalabo kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zesikhumba, ngenxa yokuba yiyona nto inobungakanani, kwaye ngoko ke, incinci ikhuselekile.
1. Isikhumba esinomdla
Isikhumba esinomdla sisona sichazwe kwizinto zangaphandle. Ibonakala ngokuvakalelwa, ukubetha okanye ukubetha. Ngaloo ngozi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe ngokunyamekela iindlela zokunyamekela, kuba zinokubangela ukungonakaliswa kwimeko leyo, eya kwenza ukuba ibe yinto ebenzileyo.
2. Ukusebenza okanye isikrakra (esikhulayo) isikhumba
Kubuhlungu besikhumba. Imiba echaphazela ukuvela kwimeko enjalo inokuhluka, umzekelo, umonakalo owenziwe ngomatshini, unyango okanye umchiza. Njengomthetho, isikhumba siphendule nge-reddening, ukugubha, ukuma okanye iindawo eziqhekezayo, ukuthinta isikhumba esinjalo kunokungabi mnandi okanye kubuhlungu. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa rhoqo ukunakekelwa kokubuyisela kunye nokusetyenziswa kokunciphisa, ukuvuselela nokubuyisela i-agent.
3. Ikhumba elinobuchopho
Eli nqanaba eliphezulu, elibonisa ubuchule besikhumba. Ulusu lukhuni alukwazi ukubona nantoni na, kwaye luyakwenza nayiphi na into ecasulayo. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukulandela ngokungqongqo iziphakamiso zikagqirha, kubandakanywa nokukhethwa kwendlela yokucoca nokunyamekela.
4. iRosacea
I-Rosacea yimeko yesikhumba, ibonakaliswe ngenxa yokungenakuthola, kwaye iholele ekumanyeni kweempahla. Iyakucasulwa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo (i-climatic okanye isifo esingapheliyo) kwaye ihamba kunye nefuthe elivuthayo. Ulusu olunjalo luphakathi kwentswelo. Iimpawu ze-rosacea elukhumbeni zinemibala ebomvu okanye imilambo yegazi. Isikhumba esinomdla sidinga ukunakekelwa okufanelekileyo. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukufumana izizathu zokubaluleka kwesikhumba, ukuze kupheliswe izinto ezibangele le meko. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuba ukhethe ngokucophelela iimveliso zonyango ukunyanga ingxaki ukuze unqande ukunyuka kwinqanaba le-sensitive sensiti. Ukuba emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqalisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi awuboni naluphi na uphuculo, ngoko kukufanele ukubonisana nomgqirha okanye udematologist. Indlela yokuphila enempilo inceda ukudala impembelelo entle kwesikhumba esibuhlungu. Iziphumo ezibhubisayo kwesikhumba zinokuhlala ixesha elide elangeni okanye kubanda, umoya oqinileyo, utywala, ukutshaya. Kwakhona, kuyimfuneko ukuyeka ukwenza iinkqubo ezifana nokupakishwa kweekhemikhali okanye iimpembelelo ezinzulu zeemveliso ezinomxholo ophezulu we-retinol.
Umsebenzi oyintloko wesikhumba kukukhusela kwimiphumo emibi yezinto eziwonakalisayo, okuyimpendulo kwimpembelelo yendalo yonke.
Xa uhlalutya le ndlela yokukhusela, kufumanisa ukuba inqanaba lokuqala lokukhusela ngumgangatho ophantsi (okanye ubizwa ngokuba yi-stratum corneum), enokuthi ibonakaliswe njengengxube "engqiqweni". Apha, ukugeleza kuhlongozwe kwicala elinye kwaye umswakama uyagcinwa - kwenye, ngaloo ndlela ilawula ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kwesikhumba. Olu luhlu lubandakanya ikakhulu iiseli ezinokwenziwa, kodwa lusebenza kakhulu, luqulethe ababizwa ngokuba ngabathunywa, ukuvumela ukulawula inkqubo yokuvuselela i-epidermis evela ngaphantsi. Ngaphantsi kobunqamlezo bomhlaba iiseli ze-basal zee-epidermis kunye neLangerhans zeeseli (macrophage ye-dermis), eyaziwa ngokuba yiiseli "watchdog". Bamba naliphi na umzimba ongaphandle ongena phakathi kwesikhumba, kwaye unike isibonakaliso kwi-lymphocytes ukuba iyitshabalalise. Ukuphendula okunjalo kwesikhumba kunokubangela ubuhlungu kunye / okanye ukucaphuka kwesikhumba.
Ngoko, isikhumba siphendula yonke into:
- Xa kwenzeka umonakalo, "ijika" kwiiseli ze-basal, ezichaphazela ukubuyiswa kwe-epidermis.
- Ngokukhanya kwelanga, ulusu lukhuselwe yi-melanocytes, olukwazi ukuvelisa i-melenin, ekhusela iiseli ezisisigxina.
- Xa iphosakele, i-fibroblast iqala ukuvelisa i-collagen ne-elastin fibers.
- Ukuthintela ukugqithisa, isikhumba siqala ukuhlakulela ukukhupha.
- Xa i-supercooled, yenza "indawo yokuhlala" yeoli.
Kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, kunokugqitywa ukuba ukulingana kwalolu hlobo kunzima kakhulu kwaye kwanokunqongophala okuncinci kunokudala imiphumo emibi. Isikhumba esichukumisayo okanye esisebenzayo sisiphumo sokungasebenzi. Ingxaki iqhutyiswa ngakumbi yinto yokuba, njengoko kubonisa ukubonisa, zonke iimeko zentlupheko yesikhumba zihlukile kwi-matrix yayo esebenzayo. Icala elibi kakhulu lokungalingani i-psoriasis. Iimeko ezimbi zesikhumba zibonakaliswe ngendlela yokukhawuleza yokuvuselela i-epidermis (iintsuku ezingama-3 endaweni yesonto eliqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezi-3), oku kukukhokelela ekubeni "ubunqunu" obungasigxina okanye imeko yesikhumba esisebenzayo, ebangela imiphumo ebuhlungu.
Uphuhliso lwakutsha nje kwintsimi yokunyamekela kwesikhumba
I-Laboratory yePhando kunye ne-IFREMER (isiFrentshi saseFransi yoPhando lweeMithombo yoLwandle kunye nokuHluthwa) kuphando oludibeneyo lifumene icandelo elisebenzayo kunye neempembelelo zokunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenziselwa kweeseli ezivela ekuphenduleni izinto zangaphandle. Konke oku kubakho ukubonga ngokusanda kuqulunqwa uphando olwandle ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezitsha, ezidlula ubunzulu obungaphezu kwama-2,500 amitha. Kwizinzulu ezinzulu, ubumnyama obugqibeleleyo bulawula, kwiimitha ezingama-550 zikho ngokungaqhelekanga, kunye nokukhanya okuncinane, ubomi obunzima. Ngoko ke, ubomi obusekelwe kwi-photosynthesis alinakwenzeka apha. Ngowe-1977, izazinzulu zenza iifundo zeziqithi zaseGalapagos, ezenza ukuba kwenzeke ukufumanisa okungaqhelekanga okuphazamisa imida yobomi emhlabeni. KwiPacific kwiindawo eziphilayo eziphantse ezi-2 500 eziphilayo, ezijikelezwe yintlanzi ecebileyo, eyakhiwa ngama-mollusks kunye nama-crustaceans, eqokelelwe ndawonye phakathi kwendawo e-oasis. Ubukho beli hlabathi lezilwanyana lugxininiswe kumithombo yamanzi efudumele ebizwa ngokuthi "ababhegi abamnyama," kwaye efana neenkumbi. Isiseko salo mthombo ngamanzi olwandle, ehamba ngeenethiwekhi zeziphene ezikhokela ukuhamba kwazo kwihlabathi eliqhelekileyo elisondele kumagma.
Lo mfudlana omanzi ojikelezayo utyhalwa kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-400 ° C kwaye uphakamise phezulu emanzini. Ubomi bujoliswe kuyo yonke indawo le mithombo yamandla ayifuniyo, ebonakala kwiindidi ezininzi ezinemibala engaqhelekanga. Yingakho ezi ndawo zibizwa ngokuba yi "Garden Gardens". Kodwa ukuba "ababhemnyama abamnyama" bayomile, ngoko iifumi ezizityebi ziqala ukufa, zishiya emva nje kweentlango ezingenamlilo.
Ngowe-1987, i-IFREMER iqokelele iqoqo ekhethekileyo yezinto eziphilayo. Iingcali zenzululwazi zakwazi ukutyhila imfihlelo yomjikelezo wobomi babo, ngokusekelwe kwi-chemosynthesis (ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwiibhaktheriya ezingabonakaliyo), okwabangelwa kukufumanisa enye yezona ziqhagamshelwano lokuqala kuphuhliso lobomi eMhlabeni ... Xa ufunda enye ye-microorganism, entsha icandelo elisebenzayo Amandla amangalisayo okulungelelanisa nokuzinza, ebudeni beemeko ezinzima zobomi. Oku kufumanisa izazinzulu ziye zaqala ukucinga njengethuba lokusebenzisa isicatshulwa esiphumelayo ukunyamekela isikhumba esichukumisayo.