Ukutshaya phakathi kwentsha yenye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo, isisombululo esifanele sijongane nayo ngononophelo olukhulu kunye noxanduva. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokweminatha yeenkcukacha, nangona izilumkiso ezininzi malunga neengozi zokutshaya kunye nokuthengiswa kotywala, kwiminyaka yamuva kuye kwaba nethambeko lokunyusa inani lokutshaya abantu abaselula.
Ngokwezibalo ezifanayo, iRashiya inokuqala ngokubhekiselele kwinani lababhemayo phakathi kwamazwe onke, kunye nenani lababhemayo phakathi kwabaselula. Kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, inani lababhemayo abesilisa lifikelela kuma-75%, kunye nesini sesini-ukuya kuma-65%. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, la manani akhula ngokukhawuleza. Ininzi yabashushu be-smoking baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-nicotine. Umyinge weminyaka apho abantwana abaselula baqala ukutshaya, okwangoku malunga neminyaka eyi-14-16.
Yintoni eyenza umntwana usemtsha ukutshaya? Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphendula lo mbuzo: intombazana inokukhangela iimvakalelo ezintsha, zama ukuzityhila ngale ndlela, xelisa ezinye izithixo zakhe, njl. Nangona zininzi izizathu ezinokwenzeka, umphumo ungowomntu wonke-impilo ephazamiseka kakhulu. Isizathu ngasinye sichaza ingxaki ethile yengqondo, nangona kunjalo iindlela zokuthenjelwa zikho kude kumntu wonke. Uninzi lwazo zonke, kuxhomekeke kwintlekele, kunye nakwiindawo ezikuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali abahlali bekwazi ukucacisa ngokucacileyo kwaye bakuchaze ngokukhawuleza ingozi eyenziwa ngumzimba kwinkqubo yokutshaya, kodwa bazama ukuyeka ukutshaya, nto leyo eyenza intombazana iphindwe kabini umnqweno wokuthatha ugwayi, kwaye umnqweno unamandla ngakumbi ukuvalwa. Kodwa umonakalo obushushu uphezulu kakhulu, ukutshaya akuvumeli ukuba umzimba ukhule ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye uphatha kakubi amanqanaba amaninzi ngexesha awayekwakhiwa ngokuzeleyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, alinakukhuselwa kakuhle njengamalungu omntu omdala.
Ngokomzekelo, imiphunga yenziwa ngokomzimba kuphela kwiminyaka eyi-18, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya ku-22. Ngokufanayo, amanye amabhunga aqala ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba sele ekhulile.
Xa intombazana etshaya, ininzi ye-carbon monoxide ingena egazini layo, elichaphazelekayo ne-hemoglobin, ekhokelela kwindlala ye-oxygen yamalungu amaninzi kunye nezicubu. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba umzimba ukhula kuphela, le nto inokuba yingozi enkulu kuye.
Ukutshaya umonakalo omkhulu kuphazamisa iindlela zokuphefumula kunye neenhliziyo zomzimba zomzimba. Ukuba umntwana uqala ukutshaya kumabakala aphantsi, ngoko uneminyaka eyi-14 unokufumana ubunzima bokuphefumula kunye nezitenxo zezinga lentliziyo. Nangona umntwana osemtsha utshaya umnyaka kunye nesiqingatha, ngoko sele sele ephule umthetho ekusebenzeni komgaqo wokuphefumla.
Iminyaka embalwa yobutsha, ezinamandla zihlala zibonakalisa iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka komzimba, njengokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ubuthathaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuxhamla isisu, izifo eziphefumulayo kunye nezobandayo. Amaninzi amaninzi e-bronchitis aphakade aphawulekileyo ayaqatshelwa.
Imiphumo emibi kakhulu ye-nicotine kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi zeemveliso zecuba ziphezu kwengqondo yomntwana oselula. Umncinci omncinci, ukutshaya okugqithisileyo kuchaphazelekayo ngegazi kwiingqondo, okukhokelela ekukhathala okukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ukuphumelela ukufunda, ukusabalalisa ingqalelo. Kwaye ekubeni ezininzi zeendlela zokuziphatha zenziwa ngeli xesha, kunzima kakhulu ukuyeka ukutshaya komntwana osetsheni oye wasebenzisa i-cigarettes ngeli xesha.
Ukutshaya phakathi kolutsha kuyinkinga kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Kukho iinkampani ezininzi zentengiso ezinkulu, apho ulwazi luye lwasasazeka malunga nendlela ukutshaya umonakalo kubantwana abaselula. Ngelishwa, iinkampani ezininzi zezocuba ezincedisayo zimela ukutshaya ngendlela efanelekileyo, okwenza umntu onogwayi ulungele umfazi (ubufazi). Ngako oko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nomntwana ngokukhawuleza, njengoko kunokwenzeka ngokubhekiselele kwindlela enokulimaza ngayo i-cigarettes kunye nokubonakalisa imiphumo yokutshaya kubantu abadala nakwishumi elivisayo.