Iintyatyambo zezidumbu eziqhelekileyo, unonophelo olunzima kakhulu, olukholisayo kunye neentyantyambo zalo ukusuka ekwindla ngasekupheleni. Iintyatyambo zayo zangaphambili zemibala eyahlukileyo zifana neebhotela ezibetha phezu kwesityalo. Amaqabunga kuwo aphezulu, kwiiptioles ezinde, eluhlaza kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zegrey, zikhula phezulu kwiphubhu ephothiweyo ibe nobubanzi obuyi-15 centimeters.
Kukho uluvo lokuba ngaphakathi kweentyantyambo ze-cyclamen zinzima ukukhula kwigumbi. Oku akunjalo. Nge-cyclamen, ethathwe kumhlobo, ayiyi kuba neengxaki ezinkulu. Kodwa izityalo ezithengwa kwivenkile, zihlala kwigumbi ngobunzima. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ngaphambi kokuba le ntyatyambo ikhule i-cyclamen ikhula kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo ezipholileyo. Emva kokuthenga, basetyenziselwa umoya ofudumele oomileyo wezindlu zethu kunye nezindlu ixesha elide. Kodwa, ukuba ubeka umgudu omncinci, i-cyclamen efanelekileyo yokulima ingahlala iminyaka engama-25! Iindidi ezimbini ze-cyclamens zihlwayelwe kwigumbi: I-Cyclamen yasePersi ne-Cyclamen yaseYurophu. Naphezu kwegama elifanayo, bahluke ngokubanzi komnye nomnye kwiimeko zokubonakala kunye nokukhula.
European Cyclamen
Ukusuka kwi-cyclamen yasePersi yaseYurophu eyahlukileyo ekubeni inesifo esincinci esingaphandle, amaqabunga abomvu ngaphantsi. Ikhula ngokucacileyo kwiifestile kwiqondo lokushisa ye-+18 - +20 degrees kunye nomoya owomileyo, kwi-penumbra. Umxube omhle womhlaba kuwo: i-sod, umhlaba oqabileyo, i-humus, peat, isanti (2: 2: 2: 2: 1). Amanzi la i-cyclamen esuka kumzila wamanzi apholileyo (3-4 degrees ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kwegumbi), ehlobo kakhulu, ebusika akunqabile. Le ntlobo ayinayo ixesha eliphumayo lokuphumla, ebusika inokulahlekelwa ngamagqabantshintshi, kodwa kwintshula-ntsha iya kukhula-kwaye isityalo siza kuhluma. Yisasaze nge-tubers, ezihlukana ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokutshintshwa, okanye ngokuhlukana kwamahlumela angaphandle. Balala ngokupheleleyo nehlabathi. Imbewu ayisoloko isasazwa.
Cyclamen isiPersi
Ientyatyambo ze-cyclamen zasePersi zaseNtshonalanga zisasazwa yimbewu. Zithengwa kwivenkile okanye zifunyenwe ngepollin. Ukwenza oku, thumela impova nge-brush esithambileyo ukusuka kwintyatyambo yesityalo esisodwa ukuya kwisicatshulwa somnye, ukuphinda le ndlela ukuze uxhomeke kwixesha eli-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Ixesha elona xesha elifanelekileyo lokuvotela impepho kusasa. Imbewu iya kuvuthwa kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Baqokelela, bahlambulule kwaye bahlwayelwe ngokukhawuleza, njengoko belahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuhluma.
Imbewu ihlwayelwa kwisitya kunye nomxube weqabunga lomhlaba ngesanti (4: 1), ukubeka emingxeni nganye. Ngaphantsi kwesi sitya wenze izimbobo zokuhambisa amanzi-umbane wamanzi angaphezulu. Ubunzulu bokuhluma yi-0.5 - 0.7 cm, ilungiselelo li-1x1 cm okanye i-2x2, ephezulu ifakwe iphepha. Ukunwa kwiphepha, ukuvumela ukutywa komhlaba. Eli phepha likhusela isityalo kwi-compaction kunye nokubonakala kwe-moss kuso. Amahlumela avela ngomhla wama-25 ukuya kwe-30 kwiqondo lokushisa kwee-+18-+20 degrees (ebumnyameni). Xa kuvela amahlumela, amacwecwe adluliselwa ekukhanyeni, iphepha liyakususwa, kodwa likhuselwe ilanga elithe ngqo. Thepha ngokucophelela kwi-syringe, uzama ukuhambisa umhlaba, kungekhona izityalo. Kodwa nakubani na ukuba amaqabunga afanele ahlale ebusuku. Emva kweveki ezimbini, izityalo zondliwa ngesisombululo se-ammonium sulfate (2 g nganye ngeyure). Kwaye emva kweentsuku ezili-10 - i-nitrate ye-potassium (1 g ngetitha yamanzi). Emva kweenyanga eziyi-1.5 izityalo sele zinamaqabunga ama-2 ukuya kuma-3. Zidibene ngokukodwa kwesikimu se-3x3 cm, iigununu zihlanganiswe umhlaba.
Ulondolozo lwehlobo lwe-cyclamen
Ehlobo, iintyatyambo ze-cyclamen zangaphakathi zingathathwa kwi-greenhouse. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemiqathango ethile. Umhlaba xa utyiliswa awukwazi ukufumana amanzi, ngaphandle koko amahlumela aya kubola aze afe. I-Cyclamens isondliwa rhoqo nge-infusion ye-mullein (1:20) okanye isichumisi esipheleleyo se-mineral (1 g nganye ngeyure). Kwimozulu eshushu kakhulu, izityalo zifuthwa ngezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ngezihlandlo ngosuku kunye ne-syringe okanye i-spray, i-shade enezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomoya. NgoSeptemba, izithombo zilethwa egumbini kwaye zidibene kumgama omde (5 - 6 cm), ngeli xesha kufuneka zibe neefama ezi-5 ukuya kuma-6. Iidable ngeesithombo zingasetyenzwa kwikhefu elimiselweyo kufuphi neefestile ze window. Ebusika basuke bekhululekile kwiqondo lokushisa kwama-10 - +12 degrees. Ukutshiza ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwiinyanga ezili-3-4 emva kokukhangela okwesibini, izityalo zitshintshelwe zibe ngamabhothi ezine-9 cm zibe ngumxube we-peat, umhlaba weqabunga, i-humus, isanti (2: 1: 1: 1), ukutshiza i-tuber ingagqibekanga, kodwa i-2/3 kuphela yokuphakama kwayo. I-Cyclamens ikhula kakuhle kwiipotsi eziphantsi (isilinganiso sobude ukuya kububanzi 0.6: 1). Ehlobo, iipatter nge-cyclamen encinci kufuneka ukuba zifakwe kwi-greenhouse. Ukutshintshwa kokugqibela, kwiiphothi ezinomlinganiselo we-15 - 17 cm, kwenziwa ngoJulayi, ukulahla i-tuber ngesiqingatha. Ngaphambili ukukhulula i-tuber emhlabeni, ngokukhawuleza iya kukhula i-lignified kunye neentyatyambo. Ukuba ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo nomhlaba, iya kubola. Ehlobo, ama-cyclamens atyiswa ngokunyuka kweenkomo (1:10) okanye isichumisi esigcwele umquba (3 - 5 g nganye ngeyure) nganye iveki ezimbini.
Ukunyamekelwa kwama-cyclamens ekwindla
Ngo-Agasti, qalisa ukuthukuthela iintyatyambo zangaphakathi, ngaphandle kokuvala i-hotbed nobusuku. Ukushisa okuphantsi kunye nombethe wamanzi kusomeleza i-stem ne-tuber. Ukutshiza izityalo akusaqhutyelwayo: kunokutshintsha i-tuber. Susa amaqabunga aphuzi kunye namaqabunga angabonakala, kwaye amaqabunga aphilileyo aguqa phantsi kwi-tuber yayiselilanga. NgoSeptemba-Oktobha (kuxhomekeke kummandla), ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, i-cyclamen ifakwe kwigumbi kunye nobushushu be +10 - +12 degrees (ingafakwa phakathi kweefowuni). Indawo kufuneka ibe lula. Amanzi ngamanzi ngama-12 degrees. Amanzi ayifanele afike kumbindi we-tuber, ukwenzela ukuba abulali. NgoNovemba, i-cyclamen ibhuqa kunye neentyantyambo ezinyangeni ezi-2 ukuya kwe-2.5.
Izixhobo zempumelelo
Iimeko eziphambili zokukhula ngokuphumelelayo kwe-cyclamen yamaPersi yimihlobo ebusika ebusika (+10 - +15 degrees). Isimo sesibini yinkqubo yokunisela. I-Cyclamen ityelwa nje kuphela njengoko umgangatho ophezulu wehlabathi utyayo ngapha kwempompo. Yenza oku ngenyameko, ngamanzi athambileyo, uzama ukungagcini i-buds kunye nesihloko sesitshixo apho indawo yokukhula ikhona khona. Amanzi amaninzi avela epanini anxweme. Ukubola okutshintshileyo kunye ne-buds zisuse, zifake i-tuber ngokwazo. Ezi ndawo zifafazwe ngamafutha omlilo. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ze-cyclamen, i-aphid kunye ne-cyclamen mites ziyingozi. Ukulwa nama-apidi aqhutywe ngogonywa yecuba (40 g yotyiwa yocuba kunye no-5 amagremu wesepha yokuhlamba nge-1 litre yamanzi). Kwaye kuphuma kwi-mite-ukunyuswa kwee-anyanisi ehlutshiwe (20 g nge-1 ilitha, ukugxininisa iintsuku ezimbini).
Ukunyamekela kwama-cyclamens emva kokugquma
Emva kokuqhakaza, ukucwiliswa kuncitshiswa kancane, kodwa akayeki. NgoJuni, xa amaqabunga emile, izimbiza ezinezityalo zifakwe emgqonyeni endaweni epholileyo. Ngo-Agasti, xa i-tuber ikhupha amahlumela okuqala, ifakwe kwisitya sehlabathi elitsha (iqabunga lomhlaba, i-humus, peat nesihlabathi 3: 1: 1: 1) kunye nokudibanisa iinqaba zamataka. Xa ukutshintshwa kupheliswa iingcambu ezibolile, yenza imithombo emihle, i-tubers ingcwatywe kwi-2/3 yokuphakama. Ukutyala okunjalo kukhusela indawo yokukhula kwimibala kwaye kukhuthaza ukufakwa kweentyatyambo zeentyatyambo. Ukunakekelwa kweentyantyambo ze-cyclamen kubalulekile. Ukuba ulandela zonke iingcebiso, ezi ntyatyambo ziya kukukholisa ixesha elide kwaye zide.