I-genus Cyclamen inezintlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu zezityalo ezingabomndeni we-primrose. Intsimi apho baqale bafumanisa yiYurophu ephakathi, kunye ne-Asia Minor. I-Cyclamen isityalo esixubayo, esingapheliyo, esineengcambu ezihlanjululwayo, ezincinci. Amaqabunga kuwo ayingqinqa, kunye neengcambu ezinde, ezisikiweyo, eziluhlaza. Iintyatyambo zifumaneka kwi-peduncles ezide, kwaye zibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza.
Kukho uluvo lokuba indlu ye-cyclamen isityalo kunzima ukukhula ngaphakathi kwendawo, kodwa ikude nenyaniso. Ukuba ikhulile ngokwemiqathango yonke, iya kukukholisa abalimi ixesha elide. Iingxaki zinokuvela ngemibala ethe yathengwa kwivenkile.
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo.
Ukukhanyisa. Kulo lonke uthando lolu hlwayayo ukukhanya, abawudlulisi imisebe yelanga eqondiswe kubo. Ukuba sithetha ngecala lehlabathi, ngoko ke bahle kakhulu entshona nangasempumalanga.
Ulawulo lokushisa. Ukuba sithetha ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nezimbali, ngoko ziyakwazi ukwahlukana kwiimeko zasehlobo nasebusika. Ehlotyeni, kuyinqweneleka ukubeka kwigumbi elinokushisa kwe-18-25C, kwaye ebusika kufuneka kube yindawo egqabileyo nepholile kunye neqondo lokushisa lika-10C, kodwa ingabi ngaphezu kwe-12-14C.
Ukunisela. Xa le ntyatyambo iqhakaza, kufuneka idibaniswe ngokubanzi okanye ngokulinganisela. Musa ukuvumela amanzi okanye ukumisa umhlaba. Amanzi afanelekileyo okunkcenkceshela agcinwe kakuhle kwaye athambile. Ngokubhekiselele ekutheni, kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngomphetho webhoyi; Musa ukuvumela amanzi ukuba angene kwiifama kunye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesityalo. Ngoko ke, unako ukuhambisa amanzi kunye neepellet. Kwakhona, isityalo asinakuphila xa amanzi engena kwisiseko sityalo, ekubeni i-tuber ingakwazi ukubola. Ukuba sithetha ngobushushu bamanzi, ngoko kufuneka kube ngamazinga athile ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kwigumbi. Emva kokutyilisa, emva kweyure okanye ezimbini, amanzi ukusuka epanini, ukuba ikhona, kufuneka ichithwe, ngaphandle koko iingcambu zingaqala ukubola. Emva kokuba isityalo sitshabalale, ixesha lokunisela lingaqala ukuncitshiswa, kwaye ngexesha lehlobo, akupheli ngokupheleleyo xa amaqabunga ephendukile kwaye esomile.
Xa kuvela ixesha lokubonakala kweefom, isitshalo se-cyclamen sifanele sitshathwe. Kwaye emva kokubonakala kwazo, ukutshiza kufakwe ukukhusela ukubola kwabo. Ukuba udinga ukwandisa umswakama, ke kwi pallet ungayifaka i-moss emanzi okanye udongwe olwandisiweyo (iiflethi ziyafaneleka). Kodwa khumbula ukuba umzantsi awufanele uthinte amanzi. Imvula yamanzi iya kuba yinto enqwenelekayo, kodwa ungasebenzisa kwakhona amanzi ahlambulukileyo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Xa amahlamvu eqala ukuvela kwisityalo, kodwa asikho nantyatyambo, isityalo kufuneka sondliwe ngesichumisi se-mineral; ubude bokuchumisa - kwiiveki ezimbini. I-Cyclam iyakuthanda izichumisi eziphilayo. Yaye kunye ne-nitrogen fertilizer, kufuneka uqaphele, awukwazi ukuyongeza ngokubanzi, kuba iyakwazi ukujikeleza izimpande zengcambu.
Imifuno. I-Cyclamen isityalo esakhula malunga ne-10-15 iminyaka kunye nonyaka ukuya kwiintyatyambo ezingama-70 kunokubonakala kuyo. Ezi ntyatyambo eziye zaphela zaphela, zahlanjululwa nge-pedicel. Xa isityalo sele siqalile ukusa, i. ihamba kwaye amaqabunga aphendukile, kuyimfuneko ukuyiqhawula kwi ingcambu (kodwa ingagqithwanga). Emva kokuba le ndawo iphule ifafaze i-powder eninzi kwi-charcoal.
Ukuzaliswa. Ukuzaliswa kwe-cyclamen kunzima ekhaya. Ngokuqhelekileyo usasaza ngokuhlula i-tuber. Kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuvelisa kunye nembewu, kodwa le nkqubo ende kakhulu.
Ukuze ufumane imbewu epheleleyo ekhaya, ngoko-mveliso yokuphamla (umgca ongcono) uyimfuneko. Ufanele uthathe ibhulashi elithambileyo, ukuyisebenzisa ukuze uthathe impova kwisityalo esinye kwaye uyibeke kwipestle yesinye isityalo. Kuya kuba kuhle ukutya i-cyclamen ngeli xesha kunye nomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela nguAgasti, kuba ehlobo le sityalo sinokuphumla.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwayela, ngamanye amaxesha imbewu iyathelelwa ngesisombululo seswekile (5%) kwaye ithathe imbewu eye yawa phantsi; Imbewu eye yawela ingafanelanga. Ngamanye amaxesha imbewu ixutywe kwisisombululo se-zircon.
Kwi-substrate, izithako ezilula zithathwa. Umxube welizwe leqabunga kunye ne-peat, ngokulingana komlinganiselo omnye, okanye i-peat kunye ne-vermiculite, iya kulungelelaniswa kumlinganiselo ofanayo.
I-substrate iyanamanzi, ngoko imbewu imiswe phezu komhlaba kwaye ifafazwe ngumqolo wehlabathi u-0.5-1 cm ubukhulu. Ukuze ihlume, imbewu ayifuni ukukhanya, kuba inokuthi ikhutshwe ngefilimu engabonakali. Iqondo lokushisa elihle kunazo zonke li malunga ne-20C, kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kwembewu "iyalala" kwaye ukuhluma kuya kumisa. Iqondo lokushisa alihambi nangaphantsi + 18С, njengoko imbewu iya kubola. Ungakulibala ukubeka umthamo womswakama womhlaba, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuvelisa isitsha kunye nembewu.
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhluma kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo lingaphezu kwenyanga. Emva kokuhluma, ifilimu isuswe ebusweni, kwaye ikhonkco ifakwa kwindawo echelekileyo, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo. Ubushushu kufuneka bube buphantsi, malunga + 15-17С.
Emva kokubonakala kwamagqabi ama-2-3 amaqabunga kwiimbewu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngoDisemba, zifakwa ebhodweni, apho kukho umhlaba womhlaba (iindawo ezi-2), i-peat (1 inxalenye) kunye nesihlabathi (0.5 inxalenye). Ama-neodules kufuneka ahlanganiswe nomhlaba (abadala abakudingi ukwenza oku). Emva kokutshintshela kumxube omtsha, emva kweveki, kuyimfuneko ukongeza isichumisi, okumele kuhlanjululwe ngesiqingatha. Isisombululo se-0.2% se-ammonium sulphite (2 grams nganye ngeyure) iya kulungeleka, kwaye emva kwemizuzu eyi-0.1 yongeza i-0.1% ye-nitrate ye-potassium.
Ngentwasahlobo izityalo sele zitshintshelwe kwizimbiza ezahlukileyo.
Ama-cyclamens asekhulile avela kwimbewu aya kuphuma emva kokuhlwayela ngeenyanga ezili-14.
Ukuqapha.
I-Cyclamen, ngakumbi iindidi zayo-i-cyclamen yasePersi, iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi. Umxholo omkhulu kunayo kwizibilini. Esi sibetho singabangela ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, okanye iitampu.
Iingxaki zokunyamekela.
Isityalo singahlaselwa yi-weevil yamagilebhisi. Kule meko, iziqu zalo ziya kuphula kwaye zife. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlolisise umhlaba wokuba khona kweemvumba ezinemibala e-cream, eneentloko ezimdaka.
Ukuba igumbi liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iqondo lokushisa aliphezulu kakhulu, ngoko kwiintyatyambo kunye neentyantyambo zivame ukubonakala zibole i-furry rot in the form of sprouting.
Ukongezelela kwi-weevil, isityalo sinomonakalo nge-cyclamen mite. Iintshi kule nguqu yenguqu - deform, okanye ungakhuli; iintyatyambo ziqala ukutshabalalisa, ukuhlahlela kunye ne-peduncles crinkle. Ukuba isityalo sitheleleke ngekiti, ngoko kufuneka ilahlekelwe, kuba akunakwenzeka ukulahla uphawu.
I-Cyclamen iyinyamezela ukushisa, ngoko ke kumaqondo ashushu angaphezulu kwe-17C, xa umoya ufudumele kwaye usomile, amaqabunga aphendulela kwaye awele kwaye isityalo siya kutshabalalisa. Oku kuya kwenzeka xa kungenakwaneleyo ukuthambisa isityalo kwaye kuya kumila ngokukhanya kwelanga.