Ikhukhamba iindidi kunye ne-hybrids yayo azifani nje kuphela ngobukhulu kunye nomlo. Ngoku bobabini abaqeqeshwayo kunye nabadlali abanomdla banokukhetha okukhulu, okubalwa kungabi ngamashumi, kodwa ngamakhulu eentlobo. Yintoni ekufuneka ikhokelwe xa ukhetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo? Okokuqala, kule ntlobo yeentlobo, kufuneka ukhethe ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwindawo yakho yokuhlala kunye nemozulu. Ukuba ukhetha iindidi ngokuchanekileyo, ikhukhamba iya kuba yintsholongwane yokutshala izifo, eziqhelekileyo kwingingqi yakho, kunye neemeko zemozulu. Iindidi ezahlukileyo zeladidi ezivela kwiindidi zokulondoloza. Yazi kwakhona ukuba iintlobo zakuqala zivelisa izityalo ngokukhawuleza, zifikeleleka kwizifo kunye nefruiting ende. Ukubaluleka kwakhona kwindlela ikhukhamba inikwe ngayo i-pollinated-by insects okanye by self-pollination.
Unokukhetha njani uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwase-ogrica? Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintlobo zamakhukhamba zinokuhlulwa zibe yintsimbi, isaladi kunye neyonke. Xa ukhetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka uqaphele injongo okhulayo ngayo ukhukhamba, kwaye ukhethe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ngokusekelwe kwinjongo yakho.
Eminye imizekelo yemimandla ekhethiweyo yamanqwanqwa kunye ne-hybrids: Avant-garde, Asterix, Brigantine, Abahlobo bokwenene, Aquarius, Vyaznikovsky 37, Salting, Umqhudelwano, uMig, onokwethenjelwa, uMswakama, u-Favorit.
Imimiselo embalwa yeentlobo ezikhethiweyo zesaladi kunye nemichiza: uAdam, i-Vladivostok 155, iParade, iNgingqi eneziqhamo, i-Synthesis.
Eminye imizekelo yeendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neyayimveliso: I-Stork, Blagodatny, iGolubchik, iDruzhina, Unity, Kit, Levin, Marinda, Pasamonte, Severky, Nightingale, Ussuriyskiy 3, Photon, Epilogue.
Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kunye nokuqeshwa, iikomkom zinokwahlukana ngamaqela:
1. Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili - iintlobo ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekileyo kwaye zikhawuleza zivuthe - ukusuka kwizihluma ukuya kwisiqhamo sokuqala zithatha iintsuku ezingama-45. Kwiimeko ezininzi i-salad ikhukhamba.
2. I-mid-yokuvuthwa - ukuya kwisiqhamo sokuqala-imifino ithatha iintsuku ezingama-50. Ezi ziinkompo zemihlaba yendalo yonke.
3. Ukuvuthwa emva kwexesha - iintsuku ezingama-50. Ezi ziinkompo zeentlobo zendalo kunye neengqungquthela.
Iindawo ezinomtsalane omthunzi zikhuni. Zihlwayelwe kakuhle ukusuka phakathi kukaDisemba kwigumbi, zikhanyiswa ngesibane. Futhi ngaphandle kokukhanyisa - ukususela phakathi kaFebhuwari. I-amaconci okuvuthwa kwexesha eliqala I-F1 hybrids: iTaiga, iMarathon, uManuel.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neyunobumba yeliphi na maqela ahluke "kwiikhati" kunye nokubonakala kwazo kuxhomekeke apho oku kuvela khona. Ngokomzekelo, e-Central Asia, iikompu ezigqithiseleyo ziyaziwayo, ubude bayo buyi-15-20 cm, umbala ubumnyama obumnyama. EChina naseJapan, iikomkomi ezinde ezingama-60-80 cm ngobukhulu, ezifakwe emigxeni ejulile kunye nama-tubercles, zithandwa kakhulu. Kwaye eNtshona Yurophu, bakhetha amakhukhamba amancinci ama-7-10 cm ubude kunye neentlobo ezincinci zeentonga kunye ne-tubercles. Kwakhona iindawo eziqhelekileyo zikhukhamba ezincinci ezine-"shirt shirt", apho zingabonakali khona iifubercles eziphakathi. EMpuma Yurophu kunye neRashiya, iikomkethi ezine "i-Russian shirt" zidume kakhulu - iziqhamo ezigqithiseleyo zobungakanani obude kunye ne-hillocks ngezihlandlo kunye neentambo eziluhlaza okanye ezimhlophe ekupheleni (Ustyug, Gypsy, Murashka, Valdai, Slobodskaya). Ezi ukhukhamba zihle kakhulu, kuba Ngenxa yeengqayi ezinqabileyo i-brine ingena kwesi siqhamo ngokulinganayo.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-Fetal kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokukhethwa. Ukwahlula ameva emnyama, omnyama, omhlophe.
Izithelo ezinameva ezimhlophe - uhlobo lwesaladi kwaye azifanelekanga ukukhethwa. Ukusuka kwiifama ezitshatyalaliswayo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zihlala zihlala zihamba njengama-ukhukhamba anjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lixesha lini. Iimvumba ezimhlophe zihlala zibonwa nakwiikompu ezide zihamba phambili.
Imibala ye-Brown neyemnyama ibonisa iziqhamo zendalo yonke. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziintlobo kunye nee-hybri ezijoliswe kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kunye nomhlaba ovulekile. Ezi ukhukhamba zilungile ukutya okutsha, i-pickle kunye nosawoti. Ingqungquthela yabo kuphela kukuba bajonga ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, baqhekeza baze bahlaziye kunamakhukhamba anameva amhlophe.
Omnye umqathango xa ukhetha iintlobo zeemkhukhamba kukuxhamla amaqanda. Xa iikompo zivuthwa kwiimbumba, azipheli. Iziqhamo ezinjalo zikulungele ukuhlamba kunye nokucoca (Arina, Abahlobo abathembekileyo, uCaptain, Nights of Moscow, njl.).
Namhlanje i-F1 hybri ziyaba zixhaphake ngakumbi. Zifumaneka ngokuwela imigca emibini. Uninzi lwaloo mveliso luphezulu kwaye lusetsaleni, ubuninzi beentyantyambo zabo ziba zi-pollinated okanye zetyhini (okokuthi, ngaphandle kwemigodi). Iimbundu zinika isivuno esingcono. Nangona iziqhamo ze-hybridi zigqithiseleyo, azikho nto enomdla. Emva koko, ezinye iimpawu zechungechunge lwe-F1 ziboniswa kakuhle, xa zikhulile kungekhona kuphela ngabaqeqeshi kwiifama, kodwa nakwiindawo ezizimeleyo, amaqashiso kunye nezitiya zasekhishini:
Abahlobo bokwenene (uhlobo lwendalo yonke), i-Okhotny Ryad (uhlobo lwendalo yonke), i-Bobrik (uhlobo lwesaladi), i-Uglich (uhlobo lwesaladi), i-Ustug (uhlobo lwe-universal), i-Shchedrik (uhlobo lwesaladi), i-Murashka (uhlobo lwehlabathi), uTito (uhlobo jikelele) I-Julian (uhlobo lwesaladi), i-Vladko (uhlobo lwe-universal), i-Anulka (uhlobo lwesaladi), no-Andrus (uhlobo lwendalo yonke), i-Sander (uhlobo lwesaladi).
Ukuba ukhetha uhlobo lwe-parthenocarpic lweemkukhamba (kunye nohlobo lwentlobokazi yeentyantyambo), hlwayela i-pollinator kuyo, ngaphandle koko i-flowering will have plenty, kodwa kuya kuba neziqhamo ezimbalwa. Ukongezelela, iintlobo ze-parthenocarpy zihlala zikhulile kwiindawo zokuhlalisa ifilimu kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo. Ukuba ngaba i-pollinated yizinyosi, iziqhamo zinokuguquka. Ngoko ungavelisi iintlobo ezinjalo kwintsimi, ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ukuba zifanelekile ezi.
Yaye ukhumbule ukuba iikomkom zi-thermophilic, kwaye ziyakutyalwa kwindawo evulekile kuphela xa kungekho sisongelo seqhwa.