Izifo ezingapheliyo zendlela yokuphefumula zingathintela impilo yomntwana. Ngaphezu koko, ingaba isifo esizimeleyo kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-pathology engapheliyo. Ezi meko mazimele zahluke kwiindawo ezibandayo kunye neengqungqelo ezidla ngokubakho ebuntwaneni. Izibonakaliso zezifo eziphefumulayo ziquka:
- ukukhwehlela okanye ukuhamba;
- Ukuphefumula nokunyamezela kwimisebenzi yomzimba;
- uhlobo lwesifo somfuyo;
- i-cyanosis - i-cyanotic staintic of the lips (ingabonisa izinga eliphantsi le-oksijini egazini);
- ukunyuka kwe-terminal phalanges yeminwe nokuguqula izipikili ngohlobo lwe "glasi yokubukela" (mhlawumbi lube ngumqondiso wesifo esingapheliyo);
- ukulahla ekuphuhliseni (ukuba uphuhliso lomntwana aluhambelani nemigangatho, kufuneka ukhangele isizathu).
Abanye abantwana banomdla wokuphefumula ngenxa yeemeko ezilandelayo:
Izifo ze-neuromuscular
Nawuphi na onobungozi obunzima be-muscular okanye i-bone deformities, ngokukodwa nge-scoliosis (ukujikeleza kwintlambo), ingozi eyongezelelekileyo ye-hypo-ventilation yemiphunga, ukuphulwa kwindlela yokuhlanjululwa kwintsholongwane kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula. Ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi wokuphefumula, ukunyamekela kwamathambo okwaneleyo kunye ne-physiotherapy rhoqo kufuneka.
Immunodeficiency
Ukubonakaliswa kwintsholongwane kunokunxulumana nemiqondiso ye-pulmonary disease pathology. Xa ukhuseleko ludakalisa, izifo ezikhuselekileyo zibangelwa yii-microbes. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka kuhlolwe i-immune system.
Ukuba akukho mpendulo kwiindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo, ugqirha kufuneka afunde ngembali yengxelo yomntwana ngokubanzi kwaye aqhube uviwo olupheleleyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yembali yomntwana othile, ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zichazwe:
- ukulinganisa ukuphakama nokulingana komntwana;
- I-X-ray yesifuba;
- ukufunda ngesistim somzimba;
- iimvavanyo ze-cystic fibrosis, apho kukho ukuphulwa komsebenzi we-cilia ebusweni beeseli ezibandakanya umzila wokuphefumula (okhokelela ekuhlakaleni kwe-mucus);
- iimvavanyo ukufumanisa i-reflux ye-gastroesophageal;
- iimvavanyo zokungahambi;
- vavanyo lwe tuberculin.
Isizathu esona siqhelo seempawu kwi-system yokuphefumula kubantwana sisifo se-asthma. Esi sifo sichaphazela malunga ne-11-15% yabantwana kwaye kubangele ukuvuvukala kunye ne-spasm ye-airways, enqanda ukuhamba komoya emiphakeni. Nangona kunjalo, kungekhona ukukhwehlela okanye ukuvuthwa komntwana kuthetha i-asthma. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-asthma kwezinye iimeko. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba unikeze unyango olufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwezimbangela zezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula zizinto ezintathu eziphambili.
Reflux yeGastroesophageal
I-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal (GER) yilapho iphosa ngokukhawuleza kokuqukethwe kwesisu esiswini. Ukukhanya kweGER kuyinto eqhelekileyo - kubangela iimpawu zokuhlaziywa ngobisi kwiintsana. I-GER ekhuselekileyo ingakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi ngohlobo lwesiphakamiso sokuphuhliswa, ukutshabalalisa intlungu kunye nomonakalo wokuphefumula ngenxa yokungcoliswa kokuqukethwe kwesisu. Esi sifo sinzima kakhulu kwiintsana nabantwana bokuqala kweminyaka yobomi. I-diagnosis isekelwe ekulinganiseni izinga le-acidity kwicandelo elingaphantsi kwe-oophi kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxholo we-asidi wesisu awufanele ungene kwi-esophagus.
Bronchoectasia
I-bronchoectasia yinkqubo yokuphefumula. Oku kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokunciphisa i-lumen ye-bronchi njengoko amagatsha aphuma, ukukhulisa kwabo okonkcenkceshi kuboniswa ngokusuka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo kunye nokuvuvukala kwimizimba yamaphaphu. Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo sale meko yi-muco-viscidosis - isifo apho i-muscus enobunzima iqala ukuphuhliswa kosulelo. Esinye isizathu siyinhloko ye-ciliary dyskinesia. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwemisebenzi ye-cilia kumgangatho weeseli ezifakwe kwi-bronchi, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo, kuba imiphunga ayifumananga kucocwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-ciliary cysary dyskinesia idibaniswa nendawo echaseneyo yezitho zangaphakathi, apho isibindi sisesandleni sokunxele sesisu, intliziyo isesigxina esifanelekileyo se-thorax, njl. Iziphumo zokuxilongwa zibandakanya utshintsho kwi-radiograph, uhlobo lomunwe olungavamile kunye nophuhliso lwentuthuko.
Ukubutheka kwamanye amazwe
Ukufuthwa kwamazimba angaphandle kukhokelela ekuphumeleleni ukuphefumula, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu azibonakali kangangoko. Ingakumbi ekungciphekweni kwamagumbi angaphandle angena kwiphepha lokuphefumula ngabantwana beminyaka yokuqala yokuphila. Iimpawu zivame ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Kwi-roentgenogram umzimba ongaphandle kwamanye amazwe okanye iimpawu ezingangqaliyo ukusuka kwicala lamathumbu emiphunga kubonakala. Izifo ezingapheliyo zendlela yokuphefumula zidibene nokutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zomphefumlo kunye neempumlo.
Ukuvalwa kwendlela yokuphefumula
Abantwana kaninzi banokunyuka kwama-toni kunye ne-adenoids, eyancipha kunye nobudala. Kwiimeko ezinzima, umntwana unokufumana ubunzima be-oksijini ebusuku, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwimida yegazi yemiphunga kunye nokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Iimpawu zeli meko zinokumemeza ngokukhawuleza nokuphefumula ngomlomo.
I-Rhinitis kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-nasopharynx
I-asthma ye-Bronchial kunye ne-bronchiectasis zihlala zihamba kunye nokuvuvukala kweembumba zamanzi kunye namadatha e-paranasal. Iimpawu ziquka ukukhutshwa ephupheni kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukukhwehlela ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-mucus phantsi kodonga lwangaphambili lwe-pharynx. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukunyanga kwezi meko kuphucula umsebenzi wephunga.