Ukugubungela okumhlophe kungabonakalisa uphawu lwe-thrush, okanye i-candidiasis, esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zeentsana kunye neentsana. (Ezinye iimpawu zisoloko zixhala, ukulahlwa kwebele.) Unyango luyenziwa kuphela emva kokubonisana nodokotela wezingane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-mucosa yomlomo iphathwa nge-swab exutywe kwisisombululo se-baking soda (ithisipuni enye yamanzi abilisiwe - itypuni yetyuwa); Inkqubo eyenziwa nganye iiyure ezimbini ukuya kweyithathu, musa ukulibala ukucwangcisa i-pacifier. Kodwa ebantwini abalupheleyo iingubo ezimhlophe okanye ezinomsolo ngolwimi zibonisa ukuphulwa kwephepha lomzimba; oku kufumaneka emva kokuthatha i-antibiotics okanye nge-dysbiosis. Iimpendulo zemibuzo yabamama bokamva zikwinqaku lethu.
"Kutheni ephethe izandla ezibandayo?"
Mpendulo. Kwiintsana, ukufudumala kwamanzi kusekusemncinci, izandla ezibandayo kunye neenyawo azibonakalwanga yimpilo ebuthathaka, ukuba impumlo nentamo imfudumala ngexesha elinye. Kodwa ukuba umntwana usenomkhuhlane kwaye izandla zakhe neenyawo ziyaqhwala, unokuthetha nge-spasm yeemitha zepheripher. Ukwamkela izidakamizwa ze-vasodilator kuvimba le meko, akuyikho ingozi yokuba oogqirha be-ambulance kunye ne-antipyretics banikela umntwana oshushu obushushu be-diphenhydramine. Ngokweminyaka yobudala, ehlala ebandayo okanye, ngokukodwa, iintente zezandla zingathetha malunga nokunyuka kwenkqubo ye-nervous.
"Kutheni ekhoyika kangaka?"
Mpendulo. Ungaqonda njani ukuba umntwana wayeyika, umzekelo, ngesandi esibukhali? Uphawu luyimpembelelo kaM Moro: umntwana uyabetha, ukhule ngokukhawuleza! izandla kumacala kwaye, njengokungathi uzama ukubamba into ethile, uze uqale ukukhala. Ukuba umyalelo onjalo ugcinwa rhoqo, ngoko umntwana unesistim somnyuba kakhulu. Kodwa akufanele uphuze i-valerian (inqatshelwe kwiintsana), kungcono ukunyamezela yona kwaye unike isifuba - uya kumangaliswa ukuba ngokukhawuleza uza kuzinza. Yaye khumbula ukuba kabini kabini: kufuneka uqhelane nomnxeba wakho kunye nehlabathi elijikelezayo ngokuthe ngcembe - musa ukwenza ukunyakaza okubukhali, ukufakela umnxeba umnxeba kunye nomnyango ongaphantsi.
"Kutheni etywina ngephupha?"
Mpendulo. Isizathu kukuba amaqela ahlukeneyo emisipha alala kwaye avuke ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba i-shudders iyenzeka phakathi kobusuku, kwiibhetshi, ngoko umntwana kufuneka aboniswe kwi-neurologist yezingane: ezi zinto zingabonakaliswa zi-convulsive syndrome. Uhlala uhamba ngokukhawuleza xa ukulala udla ngezinye iinkhathi kubonisa izihlunu: esi sifo sandisa ukwanda kweentloni.
"Kutheni edibanisa imini nobusuku?"
Mpendulo. Umnqweno wokulala ebuntwaneni kulula ukuba "uloyike". Yingakho umntwana engadingi ukuba "ahambahamba" ngaphambi kokuba alele embhedeni - kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukugcina umcimbi wokupakisha. Ngamanye amaxesha imbangela yokudideka kukuphulaphula ii-biorhythms. Ukuba umntwana elele emini, enze imikhosi enomsindo ebusuku, ukucela uncedo lokukhanya: ngethuba lomhla ekufuneka uphapheme, igumbi kufuneka likhanyise (ngisho nasebusika), kwaye ngokuhlwa, ukucwilise ngokukhawuleza, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yokutya ngenxa yobuthongo obude. Ubusuku bokuhlwa, apho umntwana ngokukhawuleza avuke kwaye ngokukhawuleza uqala ukubetha kunye nokudlala naye, kuthiwa "ukulala ukulala" kwaye akafuneki ukuphazamiseka kwabazali. Ngokuchanekileyo, bafuna ukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kwabazali: ukuba awuyi kuqali umntwana ukuba ahlabe okanye aphelise, iphupha liza kufika embalwa imizuzu.
Indlela yokwandisa inani lobisi?
Mpendulo. Kuphela kwi-0.5% yabasetyhini kunye nokuphulwa okungenakuqhathaniswa kweectation. Abanye oomama abanaso isizathu sokuphika umntwana esifubeni. Ukuncipha kwexeshana ngexesha lokuvelisa ubisi kwimvelaphi ye-lactation esisungulwe yinto eqhelekileyo: Inkathazo yokuqala yobisi iyenzeka ngenyanga, "iisitokisi ziphelelwa" kwiinyanga eziyi-3,7,11 neyezi-12. Inkathazo iphelela iintsuku eziyi-3-4 kwaye idlule ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwesantya rhoqo kwibele. Nawaphi na amanyathelo okhethekileyo okwandisa ubisi obisi ayimfuneko. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umama osemncinci unokusela ilitha yetiyi nobisi okanye i-decoction ye-fennel, kodwa ininzi yemirhumo kunye nemali yokuphucula i-lactation, ngokwemiqathango ye-OMS, ayiyiyo imithwaba eninzi njengengqondo, kwaye ukulala ubusuku obuhle kuyadingeka ukususela kwi-3 ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-8: ngelo xesha iprolactin ikhiqizwa - ihomoni enoxanduva lokuvelisa ubisi.
"Kutheni ilambele emehlweni akhe?"
Mpendulo. Ukuvuvukala kwendlela yokuloba - i-dacryocystitis-yinto eqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu; kubangele - ukukhazamiseka okupheleleyo okanye okukodwa kwinqanawa ebhaliweyo. Ukuqala oko kuyimfuneko ukubonisa inkomo kwi-ophthalmologist yabantwana, ingakumbi xa "iinyembezi" zithatyathwa yimfihlo yecala. Mhlawumbi, ugqirha uya kuncoma ukuba i-acupressure yekona yangaphakathi liso. Kuqhutyelwa ngomnwe ococekileyo, ucofa ngokukhawuleza, kunye neentshukumo zokujikeleza (ngokusesikweni nangendlela efanayo). Ngaphambi kokuba uhlaziye, kubalulekile ukunyanga iliso elikhulayo kunye ne-cotton swab edibeneyo kwiiteyi ezinqabileyo, ezicolile kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa kwaye zifakwe kwi-gauze. Gubungela iliso kuphela ukusuka kwikona yangaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi. Ngelihlo ngalinye, sebenzisa i-cotton swab okanye i-disc. Ukuba le miqathango ayincedi kwiinyanga eziliqela, ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo (ukucoca kwisibhedlele) solawulo lweentlungu. Akunakho ukwesaba ukulibazisa le nkqubo: ukuba uphoswa ixesha, umsebenzi we-sock ebizwa ngokuba yi-sac ekhethiweyo unokuphazamiseka kwaye usebenziso olugqithiseleyo, olunzima kakhulu, aluphephekanga.
"Andiyi kuyenza?"
Mpendulo. Ngexesha lokuqala lokuhlamba, abazali bahlala bexhala, kodwa akukho ndawo yokuya kuyo: umntwana ufuna iinkqubo zamanzi. Ngamava, uloyiko alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nokunyamalala. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, khumbula: ukuba uthe wawisa umntwana, makungangeni emanzini, kungekhona emgangathweni okanye emanzini okuhlamba (ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwintlanzi yokusebenza kwemibutho - umntwana usenokuphefumula kwaye angakhuli).
"Kuthekani ukuba unesondlo?"
Mpendulo. Ubisi buza kuphela ngomhla wesithathu okanye wesine emva kokuzalwa, ngaphambi kokuba loo mntwana athathe i-colostrum - uhlobo lombane lokutya lwezondlo. Nangona inani elincinci lanele ngokwaneleyo ukuba umntwana athole yonke into ayifunayo. Umntwana olambile unomunwe, uvula umlomo wakhe ngokubanzi, uyakhala. Nangona iingaphantsi kweeyure ezimbini zigqityiwe ukususela kwisondlo esidlulileyo, umntu ogulayo kufuneka adle. Ukongezelela, umama obeka ngakumbi umntwana kwibele kwiiveki zokuqala, kubisi ngakumbi ubisi. (I-lactation idla ngokuqhelekileyo ukususela kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwinyanga enye nesiqingatha.) Umntwana olambele ekulaleni akahlali nje ekhala, kodwa naye akaqhathananga ukuphanga i-diaper. Kodwa ukuba umntwana ushukume rhoqo (usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lufikelela kuma-25, umntwana omdala - ubuncinane amaxesha angama-6 ngosuku) kwaye uhamba rhoqo ekulu, enamandla, enelisekile, edlalwayo, akanalo iingxaki
"Ugula?"
Mpendulo. Ukushisa kunye neempumlo eziphambeneyo akuyiyo yonke imihla impawu zesifo okanye isifo. Ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga kwipumlo kubantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye kuyinto eyenzeka rhoqo: ngoko i-membrane yamangcwaba ihlanjululwa ngothuli kunye nezifo. Iimbumba ezomileyo kwimpumpo zibonakalisa ukuba umntwana akanako amanzi okwaneleyo, kwaye umoya ophezulu kwigumbi lome. Ubushushu bomzimba kwiintsana "buya kulula" malunga nama-37 degrees. Kodwa ukuba umntwana uvakalelwa kakuhle ngexesha elifanayo, akayi kukhululeka, akaphelelwa ngumdla, ulala ngokukhawuleza, - mhlawumbi, akukho zizathu zokukhathazeka.
"Ingaba unobungozi (urhudo)?"
Mpendulo. Yonke into eyenzeka ngunyana de iintsuku ezingama-21 ukuya ku-22 ithathwa njengento ejongene nobomi obutsha. Umathumbu uphinde uzivumelanise nendlela entsha yokufumana ukutya nokukugaya. Umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa angakwazi ukuchasana ngokoqobo emva kwesondlo ngasinye kwaye emva koko uhlakulele ishedyuli yayo "yezilwanyana ezinkulu": isiqhelo sinokuba ngamaxesha amaninzi ngosuku, kunye kanye ngeveki. Kubalulekile ukuba usihlalo uphelele kwaye ulula, kwaye umntwana ngokwakhe uziva kakuhle.