Ngo-1802, i-genus yachazwa, kwaye yanikwa igama elithi A. Gusman - isityalo se-botanist yaseSpain. I-Gusmania iyisityalo se-thermophilic, ukushisa okuphezulu kweentyantyambo i-25 ° C. Bahlala emahlathini emvula aseTropiki, bakhula i-epiphytes emithini nasemhlabeni njengezityalo zomhlaba.
Amaqabunga ane rosettes enemizila, ephakamileyo kunye nobubanzi ingafikelela kuma-50 cm. Iifama ngokupheleleyo, zinokuthi zibe ziluhlaza, kwaye zingabonakala ziluhlaza, kodwa kwixesha leentyantyambo zihluke ngokucacileyo kwi-outlet, ebonakala phakathi kweqabunga. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-guzmania, i-inflorescence yenziwe kwinqanaba le-peduncle ende. Ientyatyambo ziqala kungekudala kwiminyaka emi-2 yobomi, iqhamo lihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu, kwaye isityalo sikamama siyafa.
Unakekele iGuzzman.
Izityalo zase-gusmania zangaphakathi zizithobekile, ngoko ziyakhula kwindawo evulekileyo kwindawo ekhanyayo. I-Guzmania ithanda ukukhanya okukhanya, ukukhanya kwelanga, ngokukodwa emini ayiyithandi, ngoko kufanele kube yi-pritenyat (ukuze usebenzise umthunzi ungasebenzisa ityhidi okanye iphepha eliguquguqukayo). Kukhethwa ukukhula kwe-gusmania kwindowuma empuma okanye entshonalanga. Kwiwindow esenyakatho, isityalo sakhula kakuhle, kodwa asiyi kubuqhaka.
Ehlobo, isityalo singathatyathwa esitratweni, kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze isityalo singabonakali ekukhanyeni kwelanga, iifriji, imvula. Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, igumbi kufuneka lihlale liphuculise umoya. Ekwindla nasebusika, isityalo sidinga ukukhanya okufanelekileyo, ukuthungca ngeli xesha kufuneka kususwe. Ukukhanyisa okongeziweyo, ungasebenzisa izibane ezifakwe kwi-fluorescent ezibekwe kumgama wama-50-60 cm ngaphezulu kwesi sityalo (ubuncinci beeyure eziyi-8 zokukhanyisa kuyadingeka ngosuku ngempilo eqhelekileyo). Ekwindla nasebusika, igumbi apho gusmania likhula kufuneka libe yomoya, kodwa akufuneki kubekho iifrikhthi.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, isityalo kufuneka sikhule kwigumbi elinamaqondo atshisayo afikelela kuma-25 о С (kodwa engaphantsi kwama-20 о С). Ebusika, i-gusmania ingafakwa kwigumbi elipholileyo kwiqondo lokushisa elingu-18 о С (qiniseka ukuba ukushisa akuwa phantsi kwe-12 о С).
Ngethuba lexesha lokukhula, isityalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuninzi njengoko i-substrate idla. Kucetyiswa ukuba uthele amanzi kumasebe eentengiso, mhlawumbi kusasa. Ukususela ngamaxesha, amanzi kufuneka ashintshwe. Emva kokuphalaza, kunye nokuhamba ngaphambi kokuphumla, amanzi avela kwi-outlet ahlanganisana.
Ebusika, ukuthambisa kufuneka kube ngokulinganayo. Ngeli xesha, akudingeki ukuba uphalaze amanzi kwi-funnel, nje ucofa isityalo. Amanzi awathululi kwisiseko kwaye emva kokuba isityalo siphelile, mhlawumbi isityalo siya kuqala ukubola!
Ukuba i-guzmania ikhula kumthi we-bromeliad, ngoko ubuncinane kanye emva kweentsuku ezilishumi isityalo kufuneka sisuswe kwinkxaso kwaye sixiliswe kumanzi ahleliweyo. Emva kokuhlalisa, cima amanzi amaninzi uze ubuyele kwindawo. Amanzi okunkcenkceshela kufuneka athambile kwaye azinze, ukushisa kwamanzi kufuneka kube ngu-2-3 o C ngaphezu kweqondo lokushisa.
Ukuba ukushisa kwigumbi lidlula ama-degrees angama-20 ebusika, maxa wambi kufuneka uchithele inani elincinci lamanzi afudumele kwi-outlet.
I-Guzmania - izityalo ezithandayo ukunyuka kwamanzi, ngoko ke iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula ziya kuba yindawo yokutshisa izityalo okanye i-terrarium. Isityalo sifuna ukutshiza rhoqo (amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku). Ukuba ukungcola akwanele, ngoko unokubeka isityalo kwi-pallet ngamatye, i-moss emanzi, udongwe olwandisiweyo. Umzantsi webhotile akufanele ube semanzini. Ukususela ngamaxesha, amaqabunga kufuneka asuswe ngendwangu ebomvu ukuze ahlambulule othulini. I-wax ekhethekileyo, eyenza amaqabunga avele akusifisi ukusebenzisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufuneka kwenziwe ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuAgasti. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwe kanye kwiintsuku ezingama-30. Umquba kufuneka uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ukunkcenkceshela aze athululelwe kwisiseko.
Ukuchumisa, kufuneka uthenge isichumisi esikhethekileyo se-bromeliads. Ungasebenzisa isichumisi kwiindawo zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kufuneka uthabathe amaxesha amane ngaphantsi kwezityalo eziqhelekileyo. Isixa se-nitrogen kwisichumiso kufuneka sibe sezantsi, ekubeni ukugqithisa kunakhokelela ekufeni kweGuzmania.
Xa kuyimfuneko, isityalo sitshintshelwe, kodwa kungekho rhoqo ngaphezu kweyodwa kwiminyaka emibili ukuya kwimithathu. Intamo yesityalo ayihlaziyi ngexesha lokufakelwa, kuba esi sityalo sinokufa.
I-imeyile yokukhula kwe-guzmania kufuneka ibe yinyango, ibumbi kufuneka lixhotywe ngamanzi amaninzi (ipiliti ye-1/3, ingaphantsi).
Ngeentlobo ze-epiphytic ze-guzmania, i-substrate kufuneka ibe neengxenye ezi-3 ze-pine bark, 1 inxalenye ye-sphagnum ekhethiweyo, inxalenye ye-peat moss, 1 inxalenye yomhlaba weqabunga, 1/2 inxalenye ye-humus earth (ungathatha i-mullein eyomileyo), kunye neziqhekeza zelahle kunye ne-perlite.
Ngeentlobo zelizwe laseGuzzmania, umhlaba kufuneka ube neengxenye ezimbini zelizwe leqabunga, 1 inxalenye ye-humus, 1 inxenye ye-peat, i-0.5 yenxenye yesihlabathi, kunye ne-addition of sphagnum, umhlaba we-sod, i-bark yemithi ye-coniferous, ilahle. Ukutyala, izitya ezinkulu zingcono kunezikhuni ezinzulu.
Ukuzaliswa.
Ezi ntlobo zanda ngeenzala, ingaphantsi kaninzi ngembewu.
Imbewu ihlwayelwa kwi-peat isanti okanye kwi-sphagnum eqoshiwe. Imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwayela kufuneka ihlanjwe kwisisombululo esinobuthathaka se-potassium permanganate, kwaye yomiswa. Imbewu ihluma kuphela ekukhanyeni, ngoko ayivaliwe emhlabathini. Ngeli xesha, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe ngama-22-24 degrees. Ukongeza, ukutshiza rhoqo kunye nokuphuphuma umoya kuyimfuneko. Izityalo zivela emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwe-20, kwaye emva kweenyanga ezi-2.5 zikhupha zibe ngumxube obandakanya i-1 yomhlaba we-sod, ii-2 zelizwe leqabunga, ii-4 ze-peat. Kwaye emva kwesigamu sonyaka, izityalo ezinamandla zityalwa. Kwaphela iminyaka engama-3-4, izityalo ezincinane ziqala ukuqhakaza.
Inzala yesityalo se-guasman ivelisa ngokulula. Ekupheleni kweentyantyambo, isityalo siyafa, kodwa ngokufana nale nto, iifom zokuvuselela ziqala ukuvusa kwisiseko, ezinikezwa inzala eninzi, emva kweenyanga ezi-2 zibe yinkqubo ebuthakathaka kunye neyesithathu. Kwiiphaka kusengaphambili, kufuneka uthule i-sphagnum, okanye i-substrate yeengxenye ezi-3 zomhlaba weqabunga, inxalenye ye-pine bark kunye nenxenye yesihlabathi.
Ikhonkco ifakwa kwigumbi elinamaqondo angama-26 kunye noqweqwe lwe-polyethylene okanye i-glass cap. Emva kokuba izityalo zomelele kwaye zigxininiswe, kufuneka ziqheleke kwiimeko zokunyamekela abantu abadala.
Yonakalisiwe: i-mealy ifakwe, ikhuse.