Izityalo ezingaphakathi: i-gloxinia

Imbewu ye-Gloxinia neSinningia izityalo zithunyelwa kwintsapho yaseGesneria. NgesiLatini, amagama ale mihlathi ayandila njengeGloxinia L'Her. kunye neSinningia Nees. Ezi zikhula ezikhulayo ezincinci. Kwimmeli ye-syningian i-rhizomes ye-tuberous kwaye akukho ziqu ezinjalo. Izityalo ze-gloxinia ezingaphakathi azikho i-rhizome enjalo. Iiflethi kulezi zityalo zininzi, zivela phezulu zingaphezulu. Kwiziseko ezigxininiswe okanye eziphambene.

Izityalo zineentyantyambo ze-axillary, imilenze yazo ide. I-corollas yeentyantyambo zikhulu, ezifana nezibhokhwe, zithi i-bend ye-five-lobed bend, i-zev ebanzi. I-calyx yeentyatyambo idibeneyo, i-tubular ene-5 lobules. Kulo hlobo lweSinningia malunga neentlobo ezingama-20 zezityalo. Ziqhelekile kwiindawo ezitshisa zaseMzantsi Melika, ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla yaseBrazil.

Ezinye izigaba zihlukanisa i-gloxinium eyiyo, njengegciwane, kufuphi nezityalo ze-genus Sinningia. I-Gloxinium ayinayo izilimo eziyizigaxa. Ezi zityalo zinokufumaneka ngokuthe gqolo kunesi syningia. Kulo hlobo lwesityalo kukho iintlobo ezintandathu kuphela. Iintlobo zokuhlobisa ziqhelekileyo kumzantsi waseMerika kwiindawo ezitshisayo. Kwifomu ehlwayelweyo, yodwa iindidi ezibizwa ngokuba yiG. Perennis yaziwa .

Ukwahlula: iingxaki

Kwintsimi yaseBrazil, isityalo esingaqhelekanga safunyanwa. Kwisiseko sawo kwakuyi-scaly rhizome, kwaye intyatyambo ibonakala njengeentsimbi. Oku kwakukho ngo-1785. Esi sityalo sasiyinxalenye yokuqala yendlela entsha. Liye lafumana igama elithi Gloksinia lincinci. Eli gama lanikwa isityalo ngenhlonipho yendalo yeStrasbourg uGloksin BP

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, isityalo sasivela kwiindawo ezitshisayo zaseMelika, ezazibonakala ngathi zimeli ze-genus gloxinia, kodwa zahluke ekubeni zine-tuber. Kodwa ukuma kweentyatyambo kunye nesakhiwo sawo kwakufana nezityalo, ezenza izizathu zokuba zibandakanyeke kwi-genus efanayo. Le ntlobo yayibizwa ngokuba yi-gloxinium enhle. Kuvela kuye, ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwexesha elide, ezininzi zeentlobo zegloxin zangoku zifunyenwe, esizijwayele kwi window yethu. Inemibala emangalisayo kunye nemilo yeentyatyambo. Ubungakanani babo kubameli beentlobo ezintsha ze-gloxinia ezihle zanda phantse amaxesha amathathu, ukuba uthelekisa ngeentyatyambo zomhlobo womzali.

Kodwa iintsholongwane azizange ziphathe ngaphandle kokudideka. Ngomnyaka we-1925, elinye uhlobo lwezityalo luchazwe, olwalowo lusapho olwaluyiphi i-gloxinia, kwiGesneria. Ngokutshintshiselana, into ehlukile yayikukho ubuqu bee-tubers, kwaye kwaye kwahluka kwimeko yentyatyambo. I-genus entsha yabizwa ngokuba yi-V. Sinning, ngubani owayengumyezo wegadi kwiJuni leBotanical kwiYunivesithi yaseBonn.

Sekudlulileyo kamva, iintsholongwane zee-botanists zagqiba kwelokuba kuya kulungele ukubeka i-gloxinia njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwizityalo ze-syning, kuba yonke impawu kunye nemithetho yezityalo zibonisile oku. Kodwa ngeli xesha i-gloxinia sele sele bebaninzi abalimi kunye nabathandi beentyantyambo zangaphakathi babe nexesha lokufunda baze bawa, kwaye igama elidala elithi "gloxinium" lomelelwe ngokucacileyo kwisityalo. NgesiJamani, igama elithi Glocke liguqulelwa njenge "bell", kunye ne-florets kwi-gloxinia zikhumbuza iintsimbi, kwaze kwaba nzima ukuba kunzima ukutshintshisa ukuchaneka kwegama lesityalo kwisityalo se-gloxinia.

Kule ncwadi ekhethekileyo isityalo kuthiwa i-gloxinia hybrid okanye i-gloxinium enhle, kodwa, ilungelo labo lokuzalwa liloluhlobo lwe-syningia enhle. Ngokuchanekileyo - i-syningia ilungile-wonke umntu uyazi ukuba i-gloxinia enhle ibizwa ngokuba yi-directories kuphela.

Izityalo zeGloxinium: ukunakekelwa

Ezi ntlobo zithanda ukukhanya, kodwa zithe zahlakazeka. Kungcono ukubeka izimbiza kwiifestile ezisempuma okanye entshona. Ngasemzantsi, izityalo zibekwe kude kwiifestile, ukuze kungabikho ukukhanya okuthe ngqo ukusuka elangeni. Kuphela ngoFebruwari ukuya ku-Meyi iintsuku zityalo zingagcinwa ngokukhanya.

I-Gloxinia - izityalo ezithandayo ukufudumala. Abayinyamezeli ukuhamba kwamaqondo okushisa kunye neengxelo. Izityalo ziphendula kakuhle ngokufana nokushisa. Ebusuku kufanele kube ngama-degrees angama-18, kwaye ngemini - malunga ne-22. Xa ixesha eliphumayo liza, izityalo zifuna ukushisa kwe-10 okanye 14 degrees.

Xa ixesha elikhulayo liqala, kufuneka baphuze amanzi amaninzi, awakwazi ukulungisa. Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kufuneka kwenziwe xa iindawo eziphezulu zomhlaba zomile. Ubushushu bamanzi buxhomekeke ekukhuleni kwezityalo kunye nophuhliso lwabo. Kwiinyanga zasebusika, kufuneka kube nemfudumalo (malunga nama-degrees angama-22), ngelo xesha akuyimfuneko ukuphalaza i-gloxinia. Xa kukho ixesha lokuphumla, ukuthambisa izityalo akufanele kube lula.

Ngethuba lexesha lokutsalwa kwe-gloxinia (syningia), ukunyuka kwomswakama womoya kuyafuneka, akunakunyamezela i-ingress yamanzi kwiintyatyambo kunye namaqabunga. Yingakho umoya ovela kwiprafra uchithelwa kuphela kwisiza ngokwawo. Unokubeka ibhodlo ngobumba obomileyo okanye ngamatye. Umzantsi awufanele ufikelele emanzini.

Xa izityalo zifikelela kwiminyaka emine, zinokuhlala ixesha elide kwaye ziqhakaze kakhulu: ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba. Ngethuba lesi sityalo sinika amakhulu eentyatyambo ezintle, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha elifanayo, ziqhakaza iintyatyambo ezili-15. Ukuze eli xesha lihlale ixesha elide, kuyimfuneko ukunqumla iipedicels ezinamabala.

Ngokudibanisa, ixesha lokuphumla lichazwe ngokucacileyo. Emva kokuba isityalo siphelile, manzi amanzi. Xa amaqabunga aphelile, iibhubhu zishiywe emhlabathini, ngelixa iqondo lokushisa ekwindla nasebusika akufanele likhule ngaphezu kwama-degrees ama-14. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uhlolisise izilimo eziyi-tubers zesityalo. Ukuba baqhekeza ngamandla, ngoko kufuneka bathe amanzi, kodwa kungekho rhoqo. Ukuba isityalo sicwangcisiwe ukuba ityalwe kwigumbi, isibonakaliso sokuqala sokulungelelwa kokutyala kukubonakala kweentso kwii-tubers. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebhuwari, iifubers kufuneka zicatshungulwe kwaye zityalwe kwakhona, emva kokuhlambuluka, kwilizwe elitsha elungisiweyo. Iipotyi kufuneka zibe, malunga ne-13-cm. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinzulu zifanele ukuba iinjongo zifihlwe ngumyinge womhlaba, okufuneka zibandakanye umhlaba onamagqabi, i-peat-inxenye, isanti esingaphantsi kwesigxina. Emva kokutyala umhlaba uphuziswa, ubeke ekukhanyeni, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe malunga ne-20 g.

Isixa semibhobho sixhomekeke kubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kwiimeko zegumbi kungcono ukushiya isibini sehlumela okanye esinye, esona siphuhlisiwe. Ukutya isityalo kufuneka uqale ukusuka kwiintsuku zokuqala zika-Epreli. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutyelwa kude kube ngu-Agasti. Amafomati kufuneka abe ne-potassium, i-phosphorus, enye i-nitrogen. Unako ukumanzi isityalo kunye nemvelo, umzekelo, ukuxutywa kwamanzi kunye ne-mullein. Kodwa i-nitrogen ingakhokelela ekwakhiweni kweentyantyambo ezincinci kunye namaqabunga amabi, oku akuko kulungile kumgangatho wesityalo.

Ukuqhagamshelana (i-gloxinia) inokusasazwa yimbewu, kunye neengcambu zeqabunga. Ukudibanisa kusasazwa kuphela ngoncedo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Isityalo sithandeka ukunqotshwa yi-spider mite, whitefly kunye ne-scutellum. Ngokuqhelekileyo isityalo sinokuhlasela kwe-mealybug.