Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpahla zasendlwini zaqala ukubonakala kwiimarike, iipilisi zamaphepha zihlala kwindawo ethile kuyo kwaye zithembela ngokuzithemba apho. Ngoku abaninzi abathengi banesidingo esikhulu. Iipilisi zephepha zinemihlaba eyahlukeneyo kwaye imangalisa abantu abaninzi baye bayeka ukushiya iimveliso zelinen. Iipilisi zamaphepha ezinokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisebenzise ukunyusa ezandleni kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo. Zizincoko kwaye zivumela ukulima okulula.
Iipilisi zephepha zisebenzisiweyo kuphela ekhaya kwikhaya lemihla ngemihla, kodwa kwiindawo apho izihlwele ezininzi zabantu zihlala kwiindawo ezifana neendawo zokutyela, iiklabhu, iiofisi, amaziko ezonwabisa, amaziko okuthenga, amayeza kunye nokunye. kwaye ususe amanqatha, oko kuthetha ukuba kuye kwaba yinto eyaziwayo.
Ngoku iqela lethu livelisa iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso zephepha. Ezi zi-napkins, iphepha, kunye nephepha lephepha, kunye neelayile zamaphepha. Yiyo malunga nemveliso yakutshanje, kwaye siya kuthetha.
Kwindlu yangasese indlu, i-cinema, iofisi, indawo yokutyela, i-club kunye ne-cafe, inkundla yokutya kunye nekhitshini ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwendlela onokuyenza ngayo ngokukhawuleza ukusula amanzi achithekileyo, zomise izandla uze uphewule ezinye iingxaki ezenzeka kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Kukho iimeko apho amathenyile ephepha kuphela angayifaki.
Ngamanye amaxesha amathoyilethi ephepha ayinakwenzeka kwaye akhiqizwayo. Basusa ngokupheleleyo amafutha, athabatha amafutha, amanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezifunekayo zisuswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Iintlobo zeetelesi zephepha zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amaninzi:
- Amathunga okusetyenziswa kwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi baqokelela khona;
- iilwimi zokusetyenziswa kwimihla ngemihla.
Kananjalo phawula ukwahlula iipilisi zamaphepha ngendlela ehlanganiswe ngayo kwaye zifakwe. Ziyakwazi ukuqwalasela kunye nephepha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunika amatya kwiindawo zikawonkewonke, ukufaka izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba ngabahambisi. Siyabonga kubo, unokulawula ukufumaneka, gcina iphepha lokusetyenziswa kwamaphepha, udale induduzo yeendwendwe kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, yenze indawo kawonkewonke. Ezi zilungelelaniso zifanelekile zombini iileyile kunye neelayile.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokongeza ithubhu lamaphepha:
- Iipilisi zamaphepha zephepha ziyindlela yokongezelela iC.Le yindlela eyongezelelekileyo neyandisiweyo yokudibanisa. Iimveliso ezinjalo zifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo eziphezulu zezithuthi kwaye zibalaseleyo kwiindawo apho kufuneka khona iimfuneko zokuhlambulula ucoceko.
- Iipilisi zamaphepha zephepha zindlela yokongeza i-V-ZigZag. Iilwimi ezinjalo zivame ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo kunye neendlela eziphakathi kunye nezantsi.
- Iifayili zephepha Kwiimakhishithi - indlela yokongeza i-Z. Le ndlela yokongezwa, ithoyile ivela kwi-dispenser enye ngexesha. Kukho iinzuzo ezininzi zokupakisha:
- ithawula elilandelayo alinakuphangwa ngezandla ezingcolileyo kunye ezimanzi;
- ithawula ngalinye ilungele ukusetshenziswa;
- Ukusetyenziswa kunokulawulwa;
- Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo inikwe ucoceko. Iilwimi ezinjalo zingasetyenziswa kwiindawo apho ucoceko lufuneka khona.
- Iipilisi zepekethi - indlela yokongeza iWadi Ngalolu hlobo lokudibanisa, ityhubhu iyahlanjululwa kwaye iphuma ifomu enye evuliwe. Iilwimi ezinjalo nazo zinenzuzo enkulu-zingasetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo.
Ukongezelela kwezo tilongo ezipakishwe kwiipilisi, iipilisi zephepha zisezinzile. Iipilisi zephepha ezikwimiqulu zilungele ukucima ubuso, ukususa i-liquid stream and corny yomile ama-mackerels amanzi. Iingaliti zemiqulu zingabonakala zilula kwaye zikhuphe.
Ngoku abavelisi bakhiqiza ishidi lamaphepheni amaphepha ahlukeneyo. Zingaba zi-oval, ziqikelelwe, zijikeleze, zibala kunye nayiphi na enye intsebenzo. Bahluke ngokugqithisileyo, ukugqithisa, ukutshatyalaliswa kwemitha emininzi, ukutshitshiswa komzimba omnye, ukuchithwa kwe-chromaticity. Umntu ngamnye unokuthabatha amathuwa ephepha, kodwa kufuneka aqwalasele umgangatho.
Amanqaku omgangatho
Izibonakaliso ezibaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho weetelesi zamaphepha zixinzelelo kunye namandla okuqala. Ukuba ufumana ithawula, kwaye idibanisa ezandleni zakho okanye ithambile kakhulu okanye ingaxinwa, kuya kuba yingxaki ukuyisebenzisa.
Kukho esinye isibonakaliso somgangatho: kukukwazi ukufumana umbane ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa lihlala lihlale lihlala kumanzi omanzi. Emva kokufumanisa umswakama, ithoyilethi yephepha ayifanele idilize ezandleni zakho kwaye ushiye iimbumba ezimanzi kwiindawo oza kuyenza.
Iipilisi zephepha ziveliswa kumaphepha enkunkuma okanye epulp yokuqala. Iimveliso ezivela kwi-pulp yokuqala zihlala zihlala zizinzile, zithatha kakuhle kwaye zithandeka, zivakale. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zikhetho zibiza kakhulu, ezinokungqongqo omnye, ukuguqulwa. Bayihlawula umyalelo wobukhulu obuphezulu kuneetelesi zephepha, ezenziwe kwizinto eziphinda ziphinda zenziwe kwakhona.
Xa ithawula isenziwa kwi-cellulose, ngoko iteknoloji ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuqoqa umkhiqizo kumanani amaninzi. Kucacile ukuba ezinye izithako, elona bhetele, liluhlaza kwaye linamandla.
I-teknoloji yokuvelisa iitelesi ezenziweyo
Iphepha lokucola, eliza kwimveliso, lihlambulukileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo ezingcolileyo kunye nokungcola kwamanye amazwe. Impapu yokucoceka ecocekileyo ithunyelwa kwisigaba sokuqala sokuveliswa kwemveliso.
Lo mshini otyumkileyo, osebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kwaye kukho ukugcinwa kwamaphepha kunye namanzi rhoqo. Emva koko umthwalo otyumkileyo uyadluliswa ngesihlunu kwaye uthunyelwe kwitanki eliphakathi, ukusuka apho uphonyelwa khona itanki lokuhlanza.
Ixesha lokuhlamba liza kuhlala lixhomekeke kumbala wephepha lephepha - oku kuya kubeka phambili imilinganiselo kunye nomgangatho weelwimi. Amanzi apho ahlambulukileyo iphepha elihlaziyiweyo litshitshiswa kwi-sewer. Ubunzima obuhlanjwayo buhanjiswa ngetye lokugaya kwi-tank yokugcina. Kwaye ukusuka apho amanzi kunye neepalpu zamaphepha aqhutyelwa kwi-tank yongxinzelelo.
Emva koko, ukumiswa kuthunyelwa kumlawuli wokuxininisa, apho konke kuxutywa ngamanzi phambi kokugxininiswa kwe-0.5%. Emva koko, ubunzima bubuthelwa kwitheyibhile elixubileyo, apho iphepha lenziwe khona.
Umshini wephepha unesixhobo sokungena, itafile yesikhephe, icandelo lokushicilela, isomisi sokuqala, isomiso sesibini kunye nokunyuka.
Itafile yeGridi iyadingeka ukwenzela ukuhlunga ukumiswa ngetayiloni enesilungileyo, leyo ngexesha elifanayo likhonza njengetayipu yezothutho. Kukho iirejista zokubhalisa zenkxaso. Ngokuncedwa kwendwangu yokushicilela i-mesh iqala ukuhamba. Amanzi adlula kwi-mesh athunyelwa kwitanki ngokujikeleza amanzi. Ukususela apho kuthathwa ipompo ye-centrifugal yokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Emva koko, iphepha lephepha lihlala kwigridi eneqonga elifanayo, emva koko liyakususwa ngumxholo ovelayo.
Ngoku i-drum yokuqala yokumisa, eyenziwa, isusa i-pulp ehlanganisiweyo ukusuka kwendwangu. Iqondo lokushisa kwidrama yokumisa li malunga ne-110-115 degrees, itshiswa ngumlilo oshisayo kwi-0.7 kgf / cm2. Isantya sokujikeleza kwedrub ngu-10-13 rpm.
Xa iipilisi zamaphepha zekamva zikwidrama, zomile kwisantya se-30-40%. Emva koko, usebenzisa i-scraper blade, i-tape eqhubekayo isusa umgca wephepha kwi-drum yokumisa. Emva koko, iphepha lihanjiswe kwisigubhu sokumisa ukutywa kokugqibela.
Umthumeli womatshini ovelisa iipilisi zepepala ukwenzela ukuba i-80% yobude bomdumba obomileyo ucinezelwe kwi-mesh. Ngaloo ndlela, iphepheni yephepha iphepheni phakathi kwendonga, ehambayo kunye nomgca wokumisa. Ngaloo ndlela, ityhubhu iyomile ngaphambi kokuphela. Indwangu yempuphu eyomileyo ilinxeba kwiibophe kwi-sleeve. Emva koko, amathawula anqunywe, ahlanjululwe kwaye ahlanganiswe.