Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokujonga iimveliso zokuzicoca. Ivavanywa kumavolontiya, kwiibhubhu zokuvavanya, kwizilwanyana. Ngombulelo unokufumana umfanekiso ogqithiseleyo wokusebenza kwesitye esithile. Kodwa kungekudala, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaliwa ukuhlolwa kwezilwanyana. Kwaye sele sele sele eYurophu umthetho uya kuphuma owenqabela nje ukuvelisa iimveliso kwizilwanyana, kodwa nokuthengisa nayiphi na iimpawu eziye zahlolwa ngazo. Imibutho yamalungelo oluntu sele iqhubhise imibhikisho yabantu abakwenzayo kwizenzo ezinjalo. Kodwa ukuba izimonyo ziyeke ukuvavanywa kwizilwanyana, ngubani na oya kutshintsha eli nqanaba lolawulo lomgangatho? Abantu? Okanye ngaba le nqanaba lokuvavanya alibalulekanga kwaye liyakususwa ngokupheleleyo?
Amaxhoba enkqubela phambili
Ukuze bazikhusele kwimiphumo emibi yokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nokusebenzisa izimonyo, abantu baqalisa ukuhlolwa kwezilwanyana ngekhulu le-19. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ziinkwenkwe, amagqabi, iihagu ezincinci, kuba aba bazala abancinci basondele kakhulu kwisakhiwo senyama. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka emininzi yamava ibonise ukuba iziphumo zophando olunjalo ayisoloko zijolise. Xa zaziwa ngabantu abasebenza ngamalungelo oluntu, baqala ukukhuthaza ukuba loo mvavanyo iphelile. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu zazifuna ngokukhawuleza imithombo emitsha, apho izimonyo kunye namayeza anokuvavanya. Namhlanje, iinkampani ezininzi eziyaziwayo zenza njalo.
Imfihlelo yeLebhu
Olu hlobo lweemeko luye lwazuza. Kwakukho umbono omtsha wezonyiso, obizwa ngokuba "kwiglasi." Ifuna iindleko zezemali ezingaphantsi, kunokuba zizilwanyana kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane impendulo yeeseli zomntu kuphela ekuqulunqweni kwezimonyo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yentuthuko entsha, kwakungenakwenzeka nje ukunciphisa iindleko zemali, kodwa nokunyusa ukunyaniseka kweemvavanyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kunyuke kwimigangatho ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela iimveliso zokunakekela umzimba kunye nobuso. Inzululwazi ezininzi ziqinisekile ukuba imfuno yokuvavanya iimveliso kwizilwanyana zaphela. Oku akunakwenzeka.
Okokuqala, iiseli zegciwane zengqolowa zisetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kweglasi. Emva kwangoko baqala ukusebenzisa iiseli zesikhumba zabantu. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukulandela impendulo ngokuchaneka ngakumbi. Iziphumo zezi zifundo zigqithisile zonke izinto ezilindelekileyo. Ngoku ungakwazi ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunyaniseka kwamandla okusebenzisana kwamacandelo, kunye nokuqonda indlela esi sixhobo sinomphumo ongummangaliso. Ngoko ke, ezininzi iinkampani zijonga iimveliso zabo zokuziqhenqa kwesikhumba esakha kwakhona. Isikhumba esakhiwa ngokutsha sisistim esithile esikhethekileyo esakhulayo kwisidlo esisondlo. Inemigangatho emithathu: i-epidermis, i-dermis kunye ne-hypodermis, oko kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo ezifanayo zenzeka kuyo njengesikhumba sethu.
Kubalulekile ukuba kuqaphele ukuba ngenxa yokuvavanywa, iindleko zemveliso zancitshiswa ngenxa yokunciphisa inkunkuma.
Qinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo
Nangona kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimvavanyo ziphumelele kangakanani "kwiglasi," izazinzulu azikafumananga indlela yokwenza ngaphandle kophando kumntu. Into kukuba i-in vitro iyakwazi ukulandelela kuphela ukusabela kwesikhumba, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela umphumo emzimbeni wonke. Nangona iimvavanyo ze-vitro zikwazi ukunciphisa inani lemiphumo emibi. Ngoko ke, izinga lokhuseleko lokuvavanya kumavolontiya kwimveliso efunekayo lwandisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, iqela lezempilo elibandakanyeke kwezo zilingo, lijongwe liqela loogqirha. Emva kokusebenzisa nayiphi na isicatshulwa, abantu baya kuhlolisiswa ngokupheleleyo umzimba wonke. Ukongezelela, zonke iimvavanyo zenziwa kwizibhedlele. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu unokuhlaselwa okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic, kuya kuhlala kusekho iingcali eziza kubakho ukunika uncedo ngexesha. Kodwa imeko ezinxamnye nezoxakeka zenzeke kakhulu.
Indlela yokuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwezonyamelo eRashiya nase-Ukraine?
Nawuphi na umkhiqizo wezonyango oveliswa kwilizwe lethu kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo esekwe. Ngoko ke, zonke izicumbiso ziyahlolwa kwizilwanyana. Asizange sisebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokufumana iimvavanyo zezityalo kunye neeseli zesikhumba, njengokuba benza eYurophu.
Ukukhusela iinkampani zethu, sinokuthi kuphela zinika izilwanyana zonke izimo eziyimfuneko zokuphila ngokukhululekile. Ngenxa yempilo yabo, iingcali, oogqirha bezilwanyana, nabanikezela ngoncedo xa kunesidingo, balawulwa. Emva kokuba isilwanyana siphumelele ngempumelelo umkhiqizo omtsha, sele sephandwa kumavolontiya abantu. Esi sihlandlo sokugqibela. Ukongeza kwezilwanyana zokuvavanya, amavolontiya asebenzisa iindlela zabanye abavelisi. Oku kunceda ukufezekisa umphumo omkhulu, ukuphucula ifomu kunye nokufumana umkhiqizo ongenalo kuphela umphumo ofanayo, kodwa ukwandisa imali ekhoyo ekhoyo kwimarike.
Isiphetho kuyo yonke into singenziwa oku. Namhlanje, ngenxa yobugcisa obunokutsha kunye nesayensi, unokuphepha ukuvavanya iimveliso zezonyanya kubazalwana bethu abancinci. Kukho iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokuphanda izimonyo ezintsha: "kwindlela yeglasi".
Izinzuzo zendlela yokuvavanya "ngeglasi"
Iinzuzo zale ndlela zininzi. Okokuqala, kuyacaca kubafazi. Emva koko, lo vavanyo luqwalasela yonke impawu yesikhumba: ubuninzi, utshintsho lwexesha, umxholo weoli kunye njalo njalo. Ngoko ke, unokufikelela kwisiphumo esiphezulu ekusebenziseni izimonyo ezinobungozi obuncinci.
Okwesibini, izinto ezingenakusebenza kunye nezingaphephekanga zeemveliso ezizongayo ziya kuwa. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yokudalwa kwesikhumba somntu, kwakhona sele kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba leephando zebhoratri ukufumana ukuba izixhobo ezenza izilwanyana ziya kuphazamisa ulusu lomntu.
Uphononongo kumavolontiya, awona mgangatho wokugqibela wokuvavanya, ubaluleke kakhulu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uhlole ukhuseleko lwesixhobo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Ukuba iphakheji iqulethe ulwazi malunga nokuvavanywa, ngoko ke umkhiqizo ufumane isheke epheleleyo kunye neemvavanyo zeklinikhi kumavolontiya.
Siyabulela ukunyuka kwamagqugquzeli ekuziphatheni kwezilwanyana, ubugcisa buqale ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi. Ngoku sinokufumana iimveliso ezinobungakanani kwimali efanayo. Abavelisi bangasindisa ekuvavanyeni, kungekho nengozi kumgangatho. Kuhle kakhulu.
Xa uthengisa izicumbiso, qaphela ukuba kuyo nayiphi na imeko ivivanywe, kwaye ufunde ngokucophelela ukuveliswa kwemveliso. Izixhobo ezingokwemvelo kuyo, zibhetele kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Kwakhona, musa ukulibala ukuba nazo zonke izimonyo ezinokuzikhethela zingahlakulela ukungabikho komzimba. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga umkhiqizo omtsha, kucetyiswa ukuyivavanya kwisikristal sakho.