Yintoni ukusebenzisa amanzi?
Umxholo okwaneleyo wamanzi kuyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yayo ngokufanelekileyo yonke iseli yomzimba. Ngako oko, sinokuziva singenakunqikaza, ukukhathala, xa ukuphelelwa ngumdaka kuphela ngo-2% wesisindo somzimba. Kwaye xa umxholo wamanzi emzimbeni wehla ngo-9%, oku kuya kubakhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Uya kumangaliswa, kodwa asikwazi ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi! Umoya ombilini, ngaphambi kokungena emiphakeni yomntu, kufuneka uzaliswe ngumswakama.
Abasemagunyeni abalawulayo babonisa ukuba okungaphezu kwama-800 ukungcola kungabikho kwimpompo yamanzi. Kwaye ininzi yabo ayizuzi umzimba. Ngaphezu koko, ngokunxulumene nokungonakaliswa kokungqongileyo kwendalo, ubuninzi bezinto ezingcolileyo ezikhoyo emanzini ziyaqhubeka zanda. Amalungiselelo enyango kunye nomhlaba womhlaba ongaphezu kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba akanakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nokuhlanjululwa kwawo. Ukuhlambulula amanzi okusela, kufuneka usebenzise ulwazi lwesayensi nolwazi olukhethekileyo.
Ziziphi iingozi zokungcola emanzini?
Enye yezona ntlobo eziqhelekileyo zokungcola kwamanzi ukusuka kwipompo zingabizwa nge-chlorine. Ubukho be-chlorine bunokumiselwa yinto engathandekiyo, kodwa "buhlungu" obuqhelekileyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-chlorination ngexesha layo yancedisa ukuhlambulula amanzi kwiimpawu eziyingozi zezifo ezazisasazekayo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha, i-chlorination ibangela ezinye izifo eziyingozi. Ngenxa yempendulo phakathi kwe-chlorine kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezichithwa ngamanzi, i-trigalomethanes enobuthi iyakhiwa. Ziyimbangela yokuphuhliswa komhlaza kunye nezifo zentliziyo, zikhokelela ekubanjeni kwesibindi kunye nomonakalo wezintso, kunye nokuguga kwangaphambili. Ngelishwa, namhlanje i-trihalomethanes ibe yizithako eziqhelekileyo zamanzi okusela. Ngoko ke, ukucocwa kwamanzi okusela kwi-chlorine kuyimfuneko! Indlela elula kukuba kugcinwe amanzi iiyure eziliqela. Ukuhamba nge-chlorine ye-Flying ihamba kancane emanzini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlanjululwa okupheleleyo, kubandakanywa kwi-trihalomethanes, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iifayile ezihlukileyo.
Izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezichithwa ngamanzi ziqokelela emzimbeni wethu kwaye zikhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezingapheliyo nemiphumo emide. Nazi ezimbini zeekhompyutheni ezili-800 eziyingozi ezifumaneka kumanzi okusela. I-mercury kunye nekhokelo. I-Mercury iyingozi kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umhlobo ophilayo. Ukuba i-mercury emanzini okubonelelwa kwamanzi kufuneka ukuba isuswe, ngoko imithombo yasemzaneni kuyo ayikhuselwanga ngokupheleleyo. Ingakumbi i-mercury emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba kwiindawo zokulima. Echaphazelekayo ngamanzi, bayondla iinkomo kwaye banisela umhlaba wokulima. Ngenxa yoko, i-mercury iqokelela kwimpilo, iimveliso zobisi kunye nezityalo. Ukugxininiswa kwe-mercury kunokuthi kungabi nantoni kwaye kuphuculwe ukulawulwa kocwangco. Nangona kunjalo, i-mercury ngokutya ingena emzimbeni wethu kwaye iqokelele kwiiseli. I-Mercury enetyhefu ibangele idale iingxaki zesikhumba, iholele esibindini kunye nomonakalo wezintso, ukulahlekelwa ngamazinyo, ixanduva lokukhupha kwangaphakathi.
Enye insimbi enzima enokumanzi ikhokelela. Le nto yikhemikhali iyingozi kakhulu! Inkokeli ineempembelelo ezimbi kwiinkqubo zesantya kunye nokuzala, ukuphazamisa ukuvava nokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngona mgangatho ophezulu wokuxininisa, ukukhokelela kubangela ukukhawuleza ukukhula kwabantwana, ukwehla kwamandla okufunda. Kwaye kwonakalisa intlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Abantwana bakhathazeke ngokukodwa ukukhokela.
Amanzi avela kumpompo ngumthombo wesifo
Amanzi yindawo ephela jikelele yokudluliselwa kwezifo ezininzi. I-Cholera - eyona nto iyatshatyalaliswa kuyo kwangoko edlulileyo-ngelanga, ayisayi kuba yipropati yomlando. Oku kutshanje kuqinisekisile izifo zesifo kwi-Mykolayiv naseDagestan. Ngekholera ngokukhawuleza kwemiphumo kunye nobubanzi beengculazi esikhathini esidlulileyo, olunye unyango lwe-aquatic classic - i-typhoid fever - lwalukhuphisana. Yaye nangona izifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemics azikho ngexesha lethu, ukuqubuka kwe-kolera kunye ne-typhus kuyenzeka. Uluhlu lwee-microorganisms eziphathekayo ngamanzi luqhutyelwa ngamagciwane, izifo ze-brucellosis, i-salmonellosis, isifo segazi kunye nezinye izifo ezithintekayo. Olu chungechunge lugqitywa yii-virus, apho ininzi edumileyo yi-virus ye-hepatitis A.
Xa kuvela ukuphazamiseka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwamanzi kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi akusoloko kubeka ityala. Nangona amanzi ahlanjululwe kakuhle anokungcoliswa kakade kwimibhobho, endleleni eya kwiikrane kwiindawo zethu zokuhlala. Okukhulu kakhulu kunokwenzeka apho, apho iindawo zokudala zamanzi zokubhobhoza zamanzi zihamba kufuphi ne-sewer. Kwaye nalapho amanzi atyiswa khona kwiindawo zokuhlala. Kule meko, xa amanzi emibhobho enqanyulwa, i-vacuum iyadalwa kwaye bayancela ulwelo kumhlaba ojikelezayo-nayo yonke into equle kuyo.
Luhlobo luni lokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi endikukhethayo?
Ukuba asikwazi ukuthembela emanzini avela kwipompo, luhlobo luni lokucoca lukhethwa? Kwiimeko ezininzi, abathengi bakhetha amanzi asebhodleleni. Abantu ngandlela-thile bakholelwa ukuba asikho enye indlela yokuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthenga amanzi okubhodlela kukubiza kwaye akuyona indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu. Kuyinto engathandekiyo ukuqhuba rhoqo kwivenkile eninzi ibhotile, apho kufuneka ulahlekelwe khona. Ukongeza, umgangatho wamanzi amabhodlela kuxhomekeke kwesazela sabavelisi. Ngelishwa, kukho iimeko ezininzi xa umgangatho wamanzi obhengeziweyo awuhambelani nomgangatho wamanzi. Ukongezelela, kukho iimeko zeefake zamabakala aziwayo. Ukuba ukhetha ukuthenga amanzi e-bhotile kwiivenkile, iimveliso zokuthenga zabakhiqizi abazinzile. Musa ukuthatha amanzi okuqala, ngokukodwa ukutya kokusana.
Xa ukhetha amanzi asemabhodleleni, qi Amanzi amabhodlela ahlukaniswe ngamanzi amaminerali, amanzi kunye namanzi etafile. Ukuba usela amanzi amaminerali imihla ngemihla, izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali zingakwazi ukuqokelela ngokwemali engaphezulu. Kwaye, kunjalo, kuyichaphazela impilo yakho. Umzekelo, i-sodium - iphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. I-calcium, ukuba ifunyenwe ngaphaya kwamanzi amaminerali, inokubangela ukuba kwakhiwe amatye eentso. Ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu, umgangatho wamanzi okusela okwemvelo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wendlela yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye nezixhobo, ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection nokugcwalisa iteknoloji. Kwaye, ke, emgangathweni womthombo ngokwawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo itafile yamanzi yabakhiqizi abaninzi ibhethi yamanzi alula, kuphela ahlanjululwe kwi-chlorine.
Kukho uluvo phakathi kwabantu ukuba amanzi ahlambulula isilivere kakuhle. Akuyiyo into yokuqhawula ngegolide kunye negolide. Iingcali zenzululwazi ngakwesinye icala ziqinisekisa izakhiwo ezincedo zesilivere. Ngolunye uhlangothi, ungacetyisi ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngale ndlela yokucoca amanzi okusela kwipompo. Okokuqala, isilivere ayihlambululi amanzi, iyanciphisa kuphela. Ukukhupha iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, awukhuselwanga kukungcola okungcolileyo. Ingqiqo yenkohliso yenziwe. Okwesibini, ukufezekisa impembelelo emihle, ummandla wesiqhelo sesilivere kufuneka ube mkhulu kakhulu. Okwesithathu, oogqirha abaqinisekanga ngeenzuzo zamanzi zesiliva-oxidiweyo. Kukho ukungqinelana kwezifo ezithile.
Uhlobo oluphezulu kakhulu lokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi ompompo lokusela uphuculo lwekhaya. Ulawula inkqubo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba amanzi ahlambulukile. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha indlela enoxanduva lokukhetha icebo lokucoca amanzi. Akukho mzekelo ongasindisa kumgangatho! Izihlunu ezingabizi zihlambulula amanzi. Kodwa ukuba ungatshintshi ngexesha, uza kufumana ukungcola okungcolileyo kwizinto eziphindwe kabini. Khetha inkqubo ehlambulukileyo yokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi ye-osmosis. Usebenza njani? Ekuqaleni, upompo lwamanzi udlula kwi-filter pre-filter, ukususa i-sediment, i-rust, i-partic particles, i-particle colloidal. Kwakhona i-chlorine, ukungcola okungcolileyo kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ukunambitheka kwamanzi. Emva koko amanzi ahlonywe kwiqondo leemleksi ngokwemigaqo ye-reverse osmosis. Amakhemikhali, i-trihalomethanes, isinyithi esinzima, i-toxins, ukungcola okungcolileyo, amakhulu eminye into engcolileyo yamanzi isuswa kwaye ihlanjwe. Isihlungi esiphezulu sinika iipesenti ezilikhulu ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwiibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Okwangoku, ukubuyisela i-osmosis yinkwenkwezi yokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi yanamhlanje.
Emva kwayo yonke inguqu emangalisayo, amanzi ahlambulukileyo kufuneka abe nentliziyo ehlaziyekileyo yokuqabuleka, edla ngokuthelekiswa nomnatha wamanzi entwasahlobo okanye entabeni ephakamileyo. Akuyi kuba namanzi - akuyi kubakho ubomi emhlabeni. Kuya kuba nebala elingenanto, elibandayo. Kwimandla ethu ukugcina lo mma ngaliso kwimimangaliso, ukukhusela ekutshatyalaliswa kwendalo, ukungcola. Phuza kaninzi ukusela amanzi. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba bangaphantsi kwama-2.5 ilitha omninzi ngosuku. Yaye uya kuba nempilo kwaye ujabule!