Nayiphi na imeko enzima ifuna ukusabela ngokukhawuleza nokuziphatha okuchanekileyo. Ngaphambi kokubiza i-ambulensi, oomama nabazali kufuneka baqonde oko kusongela ubomi bomntwana kunye nokuphelisa lo mngcipheko.
Kakade ke, xa i-crumb ingakwazi, ayinayo i-pulse okanye iphefumula, akulula lula ukunceda umntwana. Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuqhuba ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary, kwaye oku ungafundiswa kuphela kwiikhosi ezizodwa ngokubonelela ngononophelo lwengqondo lokuqala. Kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukukwazi ukukhawuleza ngokufanelekileyo nokunciphisa ukunyamezeleka komntwana kuyimfuneko nje.
Lwamanye amazwe
Umzimba wasemzini, owawunzulu ngaphakathi kwilonda, kwindlebe okanye kwiphepha lokuphefumula alikwazi ukukhishwa ngokuzimela.
Ukuba umntwana ukhawuleza, umenze ahlabe. Ukwenza oku, ugxininisa ngokusondeleyo umntwana usesikhundleni, emi, ephethe isisu sakhe. Nonke musa ukuguqula abantwana ukuba baphawule kwaye ngokukodwa musa ukugubha. Ngamanye amaxesha kunceda, kodwa kunomonakalo kwi-vertebrae yomlomo kunye nenkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Awukwazi ukunqongqoza kanzima emhlane - ukuze unokwenza umzi womzimba wangaphandle ungene kwi-bronchi.
Umntwana kufuneka abekwe kwisisu kwaye, ephethe intloko, thintela ngokukhawuleza kumqolo osezantsi. Umntwana omdala uguqa phezu kweedolo aze aphephe nasemva.
Ukuhlamba
Ukuba igazi likhupha okanye lisuka kwilonda, kuyimfuneko ukuhlanza indawo eyonakalisiweyo ngamanzi acocekileyo nasephaphu, yiphathe nge-hydrogen peroxide, miramistin okanye enye inambuzane, sebenzisa i-bandage ecocekileyo. Ulibale nge-iodine (itshisa amanxeba kunye namaqabunga aphilisekanga amacwecwe) kunye ne-zelenka (ityala isikhumba kakhulu).
Ukuba umntwana unegazi elinamandla, kufuneka wenze i-padding ekhethekileyo kwaye uyifake kwilonda (ibhanti engumzimba iyona nto ifanelekileyo kule njongo), kwaye ubeke ibhinti eqinile phezulu (ukuba ungadideki ne-tourniquet!). Ukuba igazi ligeleza, unokubeka enye ibhanji ngaphezulu kweyokuqala, kodwa ubuninzi bama-bandages amathathu! Njengomthetho, oku kwanele.
Emva kokuba igazi limisiwe kwaye isilonda siboshwe, ungamthabatha umntwana ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.
Ukuba umthombo wegazi uhlaselwa kwilonda, kuthetha ukuba umthambo wonakaliswe kwaye awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-tourniquet. Ukuba awuzange udlule ikhosi ekhethekileyo, kwaye i-tourniquet isabalulekile, khumbula ukuba:
- Faka isicelo se-tourniquet kwisithathu esezantsi sehlombe okanye kwi-third-to-third of the thigh (kodwa isoloko ngaphezu kwesilonda);
- Awukwazi ukubeka i-tourniquet kwiingubo zexhoba kunye nomzimba ohambahambayo, faka ilinen elincinci phantsi kwe-tourniquet;
- Ebusika, ukutshiswa kusetyenziswa ubuninzi bemizuzu engama-30, ehlobo-ngeyure.
Kubalulekile ukurekhoda ngokuchanekileyo ixesha. Ixesha elide lokusetyenziswa kwe-tourniquet lingasongela ukulahlekelwa kwesilungu. Ukuba umntwana unegazi empumlo, mcele ukuba anciphise ikhanda lakhe phantsi aze afake ibhanti elibandayo okanye iqhwa kwiempumlo nasebunzini, kodwa akukho ngaphezu kweyimizuzu engama-7-10. Ukusetyenziswa kweempumlo zepumphu ngeli xesha kufuneka kume. Ukuba akayeki, hamba ugqirha. Musa ukucela ukuphosa ikhanda lakho. Emva koko igazi liya kugeleza esiswini, kunokubangela ukuhlanza, kwaye ngoko endaweni ye-otolaryngologist, i-gastroenterologists iya kugxotha umntwana.
Ngenxa yokulimala kwempumlo, ubanda obufanayo kunye nohambo oluphuthumayo kwigumbi lokuxakeka luza kunceda!
Ukubetha kwezilwanyana kunye nezinambuzane
Izilwanyana zezilwanyana zivame ukumiselwa oogqirha ngokuthi "amanxeba angcolileyo angcolileyo." Bahlanjululwa, baphathwa nge-antiseptic, kunye ne-bandage ecocekileyo isetyenziselwa kwindawo yokuluma, emva koko ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba baye kudokotela, ngaphandle kokuba inyoka iyabetha.
Ziyingozi kakhulu, sidinga amanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye anokukhawuleza. I-bandage ibhetele nge-bandage elastic ekhokelela kwintliziyo ukuya kwiminwe. Faka isicelo seqhwa (ngokubanjwe ngethambo) kwindawo yokuluma, unike umntwana ngokuthula kwaye unyuke ngokukhawuleza ugqirha obangela i-antidote. Endleleni, mnike umntwana ukutya okwaneleyo - iintso zokususa ubuthi ziya kufuna uncedo.
Ukugquma kwenyosi kungabangela intlekele, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukubeka ubushushu kwindawo yokuluma, ukunika umntwana ukusela amanzi.
Ukubetha i-Mite kunokuba yingozi. Ezi zinambuzane ziphethe izifo ezininzi eziyingozi, ngokukodwa i-borreliosis kunye ne-encephalitis. Ngaloo ndlela ikethi ayilanga nje, kodwa ihlala kwilonda kwaye iyaqhubeka isela igazi. Kukulungele ukuthatha umntwana esibhedlele, apho ugqirha onamava uya kukhupha i-parasite aze ayijobe iyeza. Ukuzikhupha i-mite kunokusebenzisa i-loop yomtya. Siyiphonsa emzimbeni okhulayo wekhakiti kwaye siyijikeleze ngaphandle kwilonda kunye nokunyakaza okujikelezayo. Awukwazi ukushiya intloko yekhakiti: indawo yokuluma, inokwenzeka ukuba, igobile. Intloko ithathwa njenge-splinter evamile ngenaliti. Indawo yokuluma kufuneka iphathwe ngotywala.
Uncedo lokuqala kwimeko nganye luyahluka, kwaye unyango lwesantya sesine sokutshiswa lugxile kuphela kumayeza, ungazami ukwenza nantoni na. Okokuqala, kufuneka ususe umphumo wento ewonakalisayo, ngamanye amagama, ukuphelisa oko kubangela ukutshisa. Musa ukucima izicubu ezitshiswayo emzimbeni! Yiyeke endaweni, kwaye uya kuqonda ugqirha. Bhisa indawo epholile. I-coldest anesthetizes kwaye ayiyi kuvumela ukunqotshwa kwandiswe ngokujulile kwiisishu.
Xa kwenzeka ukutshisa, kwanele ukunciphisa indawo etshisa emanzini aphelileyo. Emva - sebenzisa i-anesthetic spray kwaye usebenzise ibhanti engumzimba. Okokuqala, i-bandage ehlambulukileyo isetyenzisiwe kwindawo ephosakeleyo, kwaye kuphela ke amanzi athululelwa kuso. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngokutshisa ukunika umntwana isiphuzo esinokuphuza, kuya kunceda iintso zijongane nokupheliswa kweexikisi.
Iimeko xa, ngokutshisa, uhambo oluya kugqirha luyimfuneko, oku:
- ukuba umntwana ufumane ukutshiswa ngaphambi konyaka;
ukutshisa i-groin;
- nayiphi na ukutshisa ubuso, intamo kunye nentloko;
ukutshisa amabele kumantombazana;
ukutshiswa komlenze okanye ukuguqa ngamadolo;
- iphezu eliphezulu lokuphefumula;
- iliso liyatshisa.
Ufanele utyumle imimandla etshiswayo ngama-creams, i-ointments, ufefe nge-soda okanye uthele umchamo. Ukushisa kukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu, ezincinci kwaye zisengozini. Ngomchamo, isifo singasungulwa, ngaphezu koko, asinabanda kwaye akayi kumisa umonakalo womzimba. Ama-greasy creams kunye namafutha angenakuvumela ukuba isikhumba "siphefumule", kwaye i-soda iya kwandisa kuphela umphumo wentlungu.
Ungasebenzisi i-chemical anti-anti-pods. Ngokomzekelo, xa ushisa nge-asidi, awukwazi ukuthulula i-alkali kule ndawo. Umntwana uya kufumana ukutshiswa kabini: ukusuka kwi-asidi nakwi-alkali.
AmaFrostbites
Xa ubandezelekile, akufanele unike i-crumb lot for the drink, kwaye uphinde uhlabe, iqhwa, okanye uvuselele indawo ewonakele. Zonke ezi ntshukumo zingakhokelela ekulahlekeni kwelungu. Ukujamelana neqabunga, sebenzisa ibhanti yokufaka ubushushu (umlenze woboya, umzekelo) kwindawo eyonakalisiwe (ngokukhawuleza kumda wayo!), Nika itiye elimnandi lomntwana kwaye uthathe umntwana kumgqirha.
Ukugqiba iqondo leqabunga, kuthatha iiyure ezingama-6 ukuya kwe-32. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Ukuxutywa
Xa iimpawu zokuqala ze-hypothermia zivela, umntwana kufuneka ashushu, anike itiye elifudumele kakhulu kunye nokutya, ekubeni umzimba kule meko udinga amandla ngokukodwa ukuba abuyele.
Kukulungele ukubeka umntwana ekuhlambeni ngamanzi okushisa angama-36-38 C (kungekho ngaphezulu!) Kuba malunga nemizuzu eyi-15. Kwakhona, ukunyamezela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kumele kugqitywe kude umntwana aphinde abuyele amandla.
Ukushisa, ukushaywa kweshushu
Khumbula ukuba u-38.5 C ngumyinge apho umzimba ulwa nesifo. Ngaphambi koku (kwiintsana - ukuya kuma-38 ° C), ukushisa akufanele kuhlulwe. Ukuba iphakama phezulu, thabatha inyathelo. Kukho ezininzi iziyobisi, kuquka nabantwana, apho unokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, kodwa phantse zonke zichaphazela igazi.
Phalaza amanzi kwindawo yokuhlamba iqondo eliphantsi kunomlinganiselo we-thermometer, emva kokulinganisa ubushushu kwiimvuthu. Ngamanzi kungcono ukunciphisa i-thermometer efanayo ye-mercury, ukufundwa kuya kuchaneka ngakumbi. Akuyimfuneko ukuphakamisa ubushushu bamanzi, ngumqhubi womlilo ogqwesileyo kwaye, njengoko uhlahlela phantsi, kuya kuthatha ubushushu obushushu kumntwana. Imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-2-3 ngosuku.
Ukumboza okumanzi kunye nokuncinciza kubanda ebunzini. Musa ukubeka iqhwa kwikhumba elingakhuselekanga! Ngoko unokufumana isithwathwa. Iqhwa lihlanganiswe ngengubo kwaye igqoke imizuzu eyi-10-15, akukho. Ngokusula, ungongeza i-vinegar encinane.
Ukumboza umntwana, umisa iphepha kumanzi afudumele - ishidi lizopholisa, kwaye amanzi, aphume, aya kuthatha ukushisa okongeziweyo.
Masiqhekeza isiphuzo esinomzimba esiphucukisayo (amanzi angenasiphelo, amanzi ane-lemon). Musa ukugqoka i-diapers kwintsana egulayo kwaye ungayifaki kwengubo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga okanye ukushisa, umzimba womntwana sele ucolile ngeendlela ezifanayo. Qinisekisa ukuhamba kwemoya, kodwa qiniseka ukuba umntwana akayifuni.
Ukutyhafa
Ukutshatyalaliswa, njengomthetho, kudlula imizuzu emi-5-10, ngaphezulu kweminye imizuzu eyi-10 - oku kulahlekelwa yintliziyo kunye nesizathu esinzima sokubiza udokotela ngokukhawuleza.
Ungazami ukuzisa umntwana ngokuncedisa u-ammonia okanye ukugubha. Ukuba umzimba "unqanyuliwe" ixesha elifutshane, ngoko kuya kubuyela "ngokukhawuleza". Kuthekani ukuba umntwana uyaphela? Khuphula imilenze yakhe ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi entloko.
Qinisekisa ukuba umoya omtsha ungena kwigumbi. Emva kokuba umntwana evuke, mnike itiye elifudumalayo. Ukuphazamiseka ngokuqhelekileyo sisihlandlo sokudibana nodokotela.
I-Tummy aches
Iingxaki ngesisu zisenokuhlukaniswa zibe zintathu iintlobo: ukuxhatshazwa kwesisu, "ubukhali" besisu kunye nokutyhefuza. Izibonakaliso zentlungu ephazamisayo ayiyiyo indawo, idonsa kwaye ibuhlungu, i-pallor, i-sweat ekhukhulayo, ukuphefumula okungapheliyo, ukoma. uthinte isisu, umnqweno wokuphinda kwi-post embryity Usizo: kubanda kwisisu, uxolo kunye nokulaliswa kwezibhedlele eziphuthumayo.
Iimpawu zokuqala zibuhlungu kunye neentlanzi. Iingama-85% zeetyhefu zibangelwa kukuba umntwana uyadla okanye aphuze into engalunganga. Gcoba isisu (3-5 izindebe zamanzi afudumele abilisiwe kwaye akukho namachiza!) Kuze kube lula ukubuyela kwamanzi. Emva koko unganika iglasi yamanzi apholileyo. Ukuba utyhefu lwenzekile ngephepha lokuphefumula, kufuneka uvelise umntwana umoya omtsha aze awuthabathe ugqirha. Ukuba into enetyhefu ingene egazini, kufuneka ufune ukuhlanza kanye, uze unike amanzi apholileyo.
Awazi ukuba yintoni umntwana onetyhefu? Unokuthatha isampula yokuhlanza kugqirha. Enyanisweni, akuzona zonke izibhedlele eziza kuphanda, kodwa kumaziko amakhulu ezobugqirha oku kuya kubangela umsebenzi wengcali.
Ukulimala
Ukuba umntwana uthintela intloko, fakelwa kwindawo yokulimala imizuzu eyi-10-15 efakwe kwiisisipha zepakethi yeqhwa.
Ingane ilahlekelwe ingqalelo okanye ibukeka ilahlekile, ibonisa ukuphendulela okuxubhayo, ixatyiswe ngesicaphulelo kunye nentloko? Shayela i-ambulensi kwaye ubukele indlela yokuphefumula ngayo .Uma ungenalwazi, faka uhlangothi lwaso ukuze ungabi ngengozi.
Ekubeni ngaphandle kwe X-ray, ukuba akukho nkunkuma evulekileyo, kwanokuba ugqirha onamava akakwazi ukucacisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwephuka, abahlanguli basebenzisa umyalelo owodwa: nayiphi na ingxaki ekhoyo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqaphele:
- njengoko isalathisi siphukile, yilungise, ngaphandle kokutshintsha isikhundla;
- lungisa onke amanxeba kwisibini esisodwa ngasentla nangaphantsi kweqhekeza;
- ukuba akukho ditha ekhethekileyo, kufuneka kubekho into elithambileyo (uboya bekotoni, iingubo) phakathi kwekatch (isakhiwo esiqinileyo) kunye neenyawo okanye isandla;
- aphule iimbambo ngokuqinileyo ngokubhinqa kwi-exhalation. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba kulungile ukubopha izandla kunye neenyawo, ukulungisa i-collarbone, i-spine kunye ne-crake base ingafundwa kuphela kwizifundo ezizodwa. Ngamaqhekeza avulekileyo, qalisa ukuyeka igazi, uze ulungise i-fracture.
Ukutshitshiswa
Yonke inzingo ixinzelelo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukutshatyalaka kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na imeko. Ngolunye uncedo lokuqala kufuneka lugqitywe ngezilwanyana ezichasayo:
- Ukufudumala umntwana (ukumboza kwaye unike isiselo esiphuthumayo);
- khuluma nomntwana olimele ngethuba, ngokukhawuleza nangomusa.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kolukhulu, ungamniki umntwana umntwana, ukuphendula kungenakulinganiswa. Oku kuya kwenza udokotela wengcali, ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ehlabathini lonke, imilinganiselo yonyango lokuqala lwezonyango ezithathwe yi-Red Cross isebenza. Wonke umntu angafunda malunga nabo kwiikhosi ezizodwa, apho bafunda ukwenza ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezinzima, sebenzisa kwi-manikins exhotywe ngabavoti kunye nokufunda izinto ezisisiseko ze-anatomy.