Igama elithi "ukudandatheka" litshintshe intsingiselo yalo kwiminyaka yamuva. Xa kwakusetyenziselwa nje ukuphazamiseka, ukugula okwethutyana, namhlanje-isifo esibi esinqanda ubomi obuqhelekileyo ukuba ingaphathwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukudandatheka kukuvimbela ukuba uphile ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulwa nalo, kwaye kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokusetyenziswa.
"Ndifuna ukugqoka, kodwa andiyikhumbuli indlela yokwenza ngayo," "Ndiya kufa ngenxa yendlala, kodwa andinamandla okulula isandla sam, ndithatha isandwich." "Ndabona unyana wam ekhuphukela ekhabetheni, ndifuna ukuvuka ndiwususe. Kodwa andinakukwazi ukwenza nto ngaphandle kokuba ugcine ukuwa kwakhe ngokuzenzele kwaye ukhale ... "Lo awumsebenzi omangalisayo. Le nkcazelo yokwenene yabantu bemi bexinzelelo. I-World Health Organisation ikholelwa ukuba ngo-2020, ukuxinezeleka kuya kuba sesibini isifo esifana nesifo emva kweentsholongwane zomzimba. Kwaye kunkwantya. Kubantu abanempilo, oku kufana nokubukela iibhayisikobho ezibuhlungu. Izigulane, ihlabathi apho kufuneka bahlale khona. Abantu abanengxaki yokudandatheka abakholelwa ukuba imeko yabo ishintshile, ukuba banokuziva bavuya kunye namandla. Emva koko izalamane zifanele ziwakhumbuze ukuba kukukhohlisa ukubona kuphela uhlangothi olumnyama lwehlabathi. Oku kubonisa ukuba isifo sele sineengcamango, kodwa unako ukulwa nesifo.
Kakade, zonke iimeko zokudandatheka zimele. Abanye baphila ubomi kunye nempawu ezimbini zesifo, kwaye eso sifo siqhubeka nangona emva kokonyango. Abanye baphilisa ngempumelelo, kodwa emva koko amava aphinde abuyele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvuma ukuba ukudakumba kukuchaphazele. Musa ukubhala ukugula kwisimo sezulu, iingxaki zeentsapho kunye nokungabikho kwemali. Ukuxinezeleka sisifo esingahambelani nezinto zangaphandle. Kwenzeka nakubantu abaphumelele kakhulu. Ungazigxeka, izihlobo, iimeko. Ikhusela kuphela ukujamelana nokuqhelekileyo kunyango.
Kutheni kwenzeka ukudandatheka?
Xa kuvela ukudakumba, kukho izinto zombini (kukho imimiselo ethile), kunye neempawu zendalo ezifunyenwe ngexesha lobomi. Ukuthambekela kokudakumba kunokubangwa ngenxa yezinto zobuntu bethu, ukuvakalelwa. Yintoni ebalulekileyo yindlela esabela ngayo kwiimeko ezinzima, into esiyicinga ngayo ngathi, indlela esivavanya ngayo kunye nabanye abantu. Ngamanye amaxesha sixinezelekile, siveze iimfuno ezininzi, kwaye ke, ngaphandle kokujamelana, sinzima ukufumana ukungaphumeleli.
Ukukhathazeka okungakumbi kwimiba yabantu abasengozini kakhulu, ngokungaxhatshazi, okuyixinzelelo kunye nokuxinezeleka kubanjwe ukwesaba nokuxhalabisa. Abantu abaxhomekeke ekudakaleni badla ngokusebenzisa amagama athi "andinako", "Andifanelekanga," "Andifanelanga." Ukuxinezeleka kuza kancane okanye kunokuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kwizigulana ukuqonda ukuba kutheni ngaphambili, xa babenenkathazo eninzi, abazange babe nokudakumba, kwaye ngoku kunjalo. Ngokukodwa xa kungekho nto iphosakeleyo ngobomi babo. Unomsebenzi, imali, abantwana abanobuchopho, umlingane othandekayo nothando ebomini. Kodwa kwenzeka okuthile-kwaye ukuxinezeleka kwaqala. Into eyenzeka ukuba yenzeke, i-psychiatrists ithi. Ukuxinezeleka kudla phambili ukulahlekelwa ngumntu okanye into (umsebenzi, indawo, inkululeko kunye nexesha), oku kuyingxenye yoxinzelelo xa abantu besabela ekugqithweni kwengqondo emva kokuxhaswa ngokweqile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukudakumba akufunanga kuphela ngenxa yezinto ezimbi zokuphila. Ngokwakhelo lwalo, kubalulekile ukwandisa inxaxheba yeenkqubo zengqondo nezomzimba, apho abantu abakwazi ukuyiphatha kakuhle imeko.
Isifo sinobuso obuwaka
Akunabo bonke abagulayo abaneziganeko ezifanayo. Akunasoloko izigulane zineenkxwaleko ezixinezelekileyo, umvakalelo ongenanto okanye ubukho bezinto eziphazamisa ukuhlala ngokuqhelekileyo. Ezinye zeziganeko eziphambili ziyizifo zokulala, ezinye izifo zomzimba (umzekelo, intloko, intlungu, emva kwesisu).
Ekukhanyeni kwezifundo zakutshanje, ukuxinezeleka kuhambelana nokusebenza okungaphumeleli okungenani ezintathu ze-neurotransmitters (izinto ezivumela ukubunjwa kwee-cell cells) kwingqondo: i-serotonin, i-norepinephrine kunye ne-dopamine. Ukusasazeka kwezi zinto kwiibilini zezigulane akunakwanele. Ngelishwa, akukacaci ukuba yiziphi iindlela ezibangela ukuba.
Ukuxinezeleka kubangelwa yimibandela engaphandle (yangaphandle), ebangelwa ukuphendulela kwiziganeko ezimangalisayo, ezifana nokufa kwesithandwa okanye isifo se-somatic. Okwangaphakathi okanye izinto ezingapheliyo (zangaphakathi), ukuba isigulane sihlupheka kungekho sizathu esicacileyo. Oku kunzima ukuphilisa, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba unyango alukwazi. Isixinzelelo kunye nentlungu emva kokufa komntu othandekayo yindlela yokuphendula ngokwemvelo. Kodwa xa usizi luba lude kakhulu (umzekelo, iinyanga ezimbalwa zokulila) kwaye kubangela ukuxinezeleka okukhulu, kukuthintela ukuba uphile ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka usebenzise ngokukhawuleza unyango.
Kubalulekile! Ngethuba lexesha lokudakumba, umntu akafanele enze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ebomini, kuba imbono yethu yehlabathi iyatshintsha. Isigulane sinenkxwaleko, i-worldview engathembekiyo, ubuncinci bonke abadibene nemisebenzi yehlabathi elikujikelezile. Uhlala ediniwe, akanako ukusebenzisa izixhobo zendlu, akakwazi ukuzisebenzela ngokwabo. Le meko inokuhlala iminyaka. Ukuxilongwa kunzima ukubeka, kuba isigulane, njengomthetho, sikwazi ukusebenza nokufezekisa imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa umgangatho wobomi bakhe uhlahloka ngokuphawulekayo. Ukongezelela, abantu abanjalo abafunanga uncedo lwenzululwazi, kuba iimpawu zabo ziphathwa ngabo kunye nezihlobo zabo njengempawu zobuntu.
Ngaba ixinzelelo?
Izigulane zivame ukubuza: iimeko eziqhelekileyo zitshintsha ingcinezelo okanye cha? Ukudandatheka okuvela kwipeni eliqhelekileyo kunye ne-spleen kuyahluke ngobunzima kunye nobude beempawu. Ziyakwazi ukuphinda ziphindwe okanye zinyanzeliswe ixesha elide, ezikhokelela ekubuneni ukuxazulula imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kwimeko embi kakhulu, ukuxinezeleka (ngokukodwa okuxhalabisayo kunye neengxaki okanye iingcamango ezingathandekiyo) kungakhokelela ekubeni uzibulale.
Usizi noloyiko luhlala luqinekile kusasa. Ngethuba lolo suku bachitha, beshiya kuphela isimo sokuxhalaba okanye ukuxhatshazwa. Izigulane ezininzi zithi ukuxhalaba akuze kubashiye ngokupheleleyo. Qaphela kwintsapho: musa ukubuza isigulane "yintoni na oyikisayo?", "Ziziphi izinto ezikukhathazayo?". Akakwazi ukuphendula, ngenxa yokuba akazi oku, kuba uloyiko lwakhe aluyilo.
Ngeempawu ze-somatic zokudandatheka, izigulane zicinga ukuba zigula kakhulu. Zibeka zizifo zokuxilonga. Iingcali ziqhuba izifundo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba ziphilile. Kodwa ekubeni beziva bebuhlungu, bahlala befuna umthombo wayo. Ngokutsho kophando, abo baxinezelekileyo banomthwalo wokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Bavalelwa ngcamango yokuba xa begula, baya kuziva intlungu. Uphawu oluye lwanyusa ukuphuculwa kwengcinezelo yintlungu. Le ngenye yeempawu ezingathandekiyo zokudakumba okanye iimpawu eziphambili.
Kwizigulane, ukubuyela kwakhona kwesi sifo kukubi kakhulu. Xa kufuneka uqalane nokuhlaselwa kokuqala kokudakumba, uphathwe, kwaye uphiliswa kwaye uzive uphilile. Uyeka unyango kwaye ngokukhawuleza, emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa okanye kwiminyaka, yonke into ibuye kwakhona. Izigulane zivakalelwa yiyo sifo. Kodwa ngefom ye-relapsing ayinakukwazi ukujamelana nayo, kwaye iphinde iyiphilise ngokukhawuleza kunye nonke.
Unyango lwexinzelelo
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokudakumba kubalulekile ukuthatha onke amanyathelo okujoliswe ekuhlawulelweni kwemizwa (ukuthatha i-antidepressants okanye i-mood stabilizers). Bamele bazinze umthamo wezonyango kwiqondo lomgula. Iingqondo zihlala zithumela izigulane zabo kwiiseshoni zengqondo. Izidakamizwa zinceda ukuzisa isigulane ngesimo esibi (esingazange senze ubuhlobo kunye nengqondo yeengqondo). I-Psychotherapy, iya kuba negalelo lokuqhubela phambili ukulwa nezifo kwaye, mhlawumbi, ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda. Baya kunika amandla abantu ukuba baphile ngokuqhelekileyo. I-psychotherapy efanelekileyo inokuthintela ukucindezeleka.
Kwiphepha loogqirha ininzi yeziyobisi ukwenzela unyango lwexinzelelo. Phakathi kwabo, isizukulwana esitsha seziyobisi - i-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo, enyukisayo inqanaba le nkunkuma engqondweni. Iqela elitsha lamachiza liyi-inhibitors ekhethiweyo ye-reuptake ye-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine. Izidakamizwa ezindala ziquka i-oxidase inhibitors ezivimbela i-enzyme ephula i-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrin. I-Tricyclic anti-depressants inokusebenza okufanayo kwizidakamizwa zanamhlanje, kodwa zenza ezininzi iziphumo ezibi.
Entsha kwonyango yokudakumba kukuxhatshazwayo eyenza i-receptors eyenza i-melatonin kwaye ichaphazela ukuqhelaniswa kwemigangatho ye-circadian. Ukongezelela kwiziyobisi eziphucula ukuxhalabisa, ukuxinezeleka kusetyenziswa iziyobisi ezinomdla kunye neziphumo zexhalaxytic. Ekufunyeneni kwabo kuyimfuneko ukuba baqaphele ngenxa yobungqina bemiphumo.
Abantu abaninzi abafuni ukuphatha uxinzelelo kwiziyobisi, besaba ukuba bangatshintsha ubuntu babo. Oku akunakwenzeka. Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwayo zichaphazela kuphela iimpawu zokudandatheka, musa "ukuxuba" ezintloko zethu, zingabangeli umlutha. Inyaniso kukuba ngokudakumba usele ukhona omnye umntu. Izigulane ziphindaphinda zithi umbono wabo wobomi ngaphambi nangemva kokuguquka kwezifo.
Ingxaki ekwenzeni unyango kuxhomekeke ngqo kwiimeko zokunyamezela izidakamizwa, unyango lwawo luqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo - ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, ngamanye amaxesha emva koko. Impembelelo yonyango inokumiselwa emva kweeveki ezine ukuya ezintandathu. Eli lixesha elinzima kwizigulane xa kubonakala ngathi akukho nto inceda. Izigulane zikholelwa ukuba le nkunkuma ayisebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha bafumana ingcamango yokuba ibuhlungu ngakumbi imeko yabo ngexesha lokudandatheka - libavimbela ukuba baphile kwaye basebenze ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha isigulane siziva sibi kakhulu, ngoko ke amanyathelo aphakanyisiweyo kufuneka ashintshwe. Ngethamsanqa, kukho ininzi ekukhethiweyo kuyo, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe isigulo esilunyamezela isigulane.
Nceda nceda! Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi phakathi kwonyango! Ukuba uya kuba kubi - ingxelo yengqondo yakho kugqirha. Uya kugqiba ukuba ngaba uza kutshintsha le nkunkuma kunye nomnye, okanye ulinde de kube imeko izinzile, kwaye amanyathelo aya kusebenza. Emva kokunyanga, le nkunkuma kufuneka ichithe ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphepha kwimiphumo emibi. Amachiza kufuneka athathwe emva kweenyanga ezi-6-12 emva kokuphulukana. Ukuphindaphinda kokudakumba kuku-85%, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokuphela kwexesha kunyango!
Olunye unyango lwexinzelelo
Ezi zibandakanya i-phototherapy (ukudakumba kwexesha), ukungabikho kokulala, ukutshatyalaliswa kombane, ukuxhomekeka kwimeko ekhethekileyo. I-Electroshock isetyenziselwa abantu abangazange baphiliswe ngonyango lweziyobisi. Le ndlela isetyenziswe kuphela kwizicwangciso zesibhedlele. Unyango luqhutywa ngokupheleleyo imizuzu emininzi phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Kuqulethwe ekusebenziseni i-electrodes ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emibini ukuya kwemizuzwana, ngokubakho ukuphakama okuphantsi kwamanzi okugeleza kwiingqondo. Nangona oku kuvakalayo kuyatshisa, oogqirha abaninzi bancedisa le ndlela, besithi ngamanye amaxesha kunika iziphumo ezintle.
Iimpawu zoxinzelelo
- Inkxalabo
- Ukuvakalelwa nokukhathazeka
- Akunakwenzeka ukufumana uvuyo
- Ukuhlala uxhalabile, ukwesaba
- Ukuhlaselwa kwamandla
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukulala
- Ukulahleka kwesidlo kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo
- Imemori engaphelelekanga kunye nokugxininisa
- Ukunciphisa isantya sokucinga kunye nentetho
- Ukunciphisa isantya sokwenza izigqibo ezilula okanye ukungenzeki koku
- Ukungafuni ukuhamba, kwimiba engqongqo nokukhubazeka ngokuzithandela komzimba
- Ukunciphisa okanye ukungabikho komdla kwintlalo yesini
- Ukuphepha ukuthandana nabathandekayo