I-Poinsettia isityalo esincophisayo. Kubantu esi sityalo sabizwa ngokuthi "inkwenkwezi yeKrismesi", oku kubangelwa ukuba iqala ukuqhakaza ngoDisemba, ngeveki yeKrismesi.
I-connoisseurs yokuqala ye-poinsettia yayingu-Aztec kwaye yayibiza ngokuba yi-cuetlaxochitl. Ijusi emhlophe ye-poinsettia Aztecs esetyenziselwa ukulwa nomkhuhlane. Kwaye i-red bracts yahamba njengedayi yemvelo yengubo kunye nezocumbiso.
EUnited States, ama-milki aphezulu kakhulu afundwa ngenxa yokunyamekela kukaJ JR Poinssett, owayengumhlaza wezityalo kunye nogqirha (1779-1851). UPoinsett wayeseMexico ngowe-1828, kwaye apho waqala ukubona i-poinsettia waza wabuyela ngokukhawuleza iisampula kwiSouth Carolina kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, apho waqala ukuphinda aphendule amasampuli xa efika aze athunyelwe kwigadi zezityalo. Kwiimveliso zorhwebo, izityalo zawela ngo-1830 kwaye emva kwexesha zaba yinto eyaziwayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-poinsettia (poinsettia). E-Melika, kwakukho isithethe ukuthenga iPoinsettia yeKrismesi, ukusuka apho le nkcubeko yathunyelwa eYurophu.
Iinkalo zonyango.
Izityalo ezingaphakathi: i-poinsettia ikhula kakuhle ekukhanyeni okukhawulezileyo, ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo. Ehlobo, kungcono ukuthatha isityalo ukuze uvule umoya omtsha (ukuya kwintsimi, kwi-balcony), kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukukhusela isityalo kwiimpawu, imvula, ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukuba akukho nto inokuthi ikhuphe i-poinsettia yomoya omtsha, igumbi kufuneka lihlale lomoya. Ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, kufuneka sinyamekele ulawulo lokukhanyisa kwaye i-Poinsettia iya kutyumla ngoNyaka omtsha. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iqala ukubumnyama, isityalo kufuneka sihlanganiswe ne-polyethylene emnyama (ukukhanya akufanele kufike kuyo), kodwa kusasa nje. Ngaloo ndlela, ixesha "elimnyama" kufuneka libe ubuncinane ubuncinane iiyure ezili-12 ngosuku, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-14. Eli gunya kufuneka ligcinwe malunga neveki ezi-8, emva koko ungabuyela ekunyamekelweni okuqhelekileyo. Ukukhanya okungapheliyo kukuvimbela ukubunjwa kweefom, kodwa kukhawuleza ukukhula kwamaqabunga. Phantse iiveki ezintathu emva kwexesha elithile "elimnyama," iifom eentyatyambo zakhiwe kwisityalo. Ukuba u-poinsettia kwaye uqhubeke uqulethe kule meko, uze uqale ukuqhakaza ibhakti ekhanyayo.
Imifuno iqhuba ngexesha lebusika, apho ixesha lokushisa kufuneka libe ngama-14-16 degrees. Kodwa ngexesha lokuphumla i-poinsettia kufuneka libe kwigumbi elinokushisa kwama-14 degrees. Kulo lonke ixesha, izinga lokushisa elifanelekileyo li-18-25 degrees.
Ukunisela kufuneka kube luninzi, njengoko umphezulu womhlaba umile. Ebusika, ukutyilisa kukumodareyitha, umhlaba kufuneka uhlale unomsoco, ngoko ke ungagqithisi kwaye ungaphezulu.
Ixesha lokuphumla kwi-poinsettia libizwa. Emva kokuba i-bracts iwile, isityalo sithatha ukuphumla kwexesha elifutshane, elihlala malunga neenyanga ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, ukuchelela kufuneka kuncitshiswe, ngelixa ungavumeli ukutywa kokugqibela kwe-substrate. Isityalo ngeli xesha lilungele ukudibanisa kwi-12-14 degrees kunye nokuphakama okwaneleyo kwomoya. Xa ezi ntlobo ziqhakaza, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlambe rhoqo amaqabunga, amanzi atshisayo amancinci (epholileyo).
Ukuze uqale ukuqhakaza emva kokuphumla, i-poinsettia iqala ukuqhakaza, kuyimfuneko ukunyamekela ukutya okuqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, ukunyusa isichumisi se-mineral kwisithuba se-spring-autumn rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
Ukutshintsha i-Plant Poinsettia izityalo ziyakhula ngonyaka. Ngo-Matshi, iimpawu kufuneka zinqunywe kwi-1/3 kwaye zibekwe kwindawo efudumele efestile ngelanga eliningi. Emva kokuqhayisa, iintsho ezintathu ukuya kwezihlanu ezinamandla zimele zihlale kwi-stem. Amanzi ngeli xesha ufuna amanzi atshisayo. Emva kokuba amaqabunga avele, isityalo kufuneka sitshintshwe ebhodweni, esinobukhulu kufuneka sibe sikhulu kunaphambili. Umhlaba kufuneka ube yinto encomekayo (pH = 6). Unokuthatha olu hlobo lwezinto zobumba: i-clay-turf emhlabeni (izingxenye ezi-3), iphepha (izingxenye ezi-2), isanti (1 inxalenye) kunye ne-peat (1 inxalenye). Kufuneka imfuneko yamanzi. Emva kokudilika, isityalo sifakwa kwindawo efudumeleyo, emva koko iqala ukucoca kakhulu kwaye iphuze. Emva kwexesha elithile, amahlumela amatsha aya kuqala ukwenza, apho kuphela amahlumela angama-5-6 kuphela ashiyiwe, amanye kufuneka asuswe. Izihluma ezinqambileyo zingasetyenziswa njengezityalo zokuvelisa.
Ukuze wenze isiqithi sibonakale sihlambulukile kwaye sihambelana, kufuneka ukhangele kwaye ungavumeli ukuba iziqu zikhule zize zeze zide. Ukuba, emva koko konke oku kwenzeka, ngoko amahlumela kufuneka athathwe kwakhona.
I-Poinsettia - izityalo ezivelisa ngama-cutical cuttings entwasahlobo. I-stem elungiselelwe kufuneka ibe ne-internodes e-5. Xa usika isitshixo, i-latex ivela-i-milky juice, kufuneka isuswe ngephepha lokucima, kwaye isinqutyisi sithelwa ngelahle. Ngenxa yokukhululeka kwe-latex, isiqu sifakwa emanzini abandayo ixesha elifutshane, kwaye kuphela ke lihlanganiswe ngamalahle. Oku kuya kuthintela ukunqunyulwa kokubola, kuba i-latex igxiba iimpahla, oko kukuthintela ukuphilisa "inxeba", ngaphandle kwayo kungabangela izifo ezahlukeneyo. Iinqununu zithatha ingcambu kwinqanaba elimanzi elimanzi (i-peat nesihlabathi, ezithathwe kwiindawo ezifanayo) okanye kumanzi. Ukucutheka kukuphuculwe kakuhle, ungasebenzisa ukukhuthaza ukukhula. Ngeli xesha, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe malunga nama-degrees angama-24-28, isitya kunye nezicucu kufuneka zihlale ziphefumlelweyo kwaye zifuthiwe. Emva kwenyanga, iingcambu ziyavela kwaye amahlumela amancinci angatyelwa kwiiphota ezincinci. Ukuba isityalo siye sakhula sisuka kwinqumle, ke kufuneka sinqunywe ngokubambisana kangcono.
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi, kunye nokungabikho kokunyamezela, kunye nokungabikho kokukhanya, kukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwamagqabi, kwaye mhlawumbi nokuwa kwawo.
- Ubushushu obuncinane okanye ireyimu ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamaqabunga, kungekho zibonakaliso zokubheka.
- Ukufudumala, umoya oomileyo kubangela ukuba i-inflorescences iwele, kunye nemiphetho yamagqabi aphendukile okanye ahlaza.
- Yonakalisiwe: i-thrips, i-mealybug, isicabucu.