Kumquat: inkcazelo.
I-genunus Fortunella (isiLatini Fortunella) ine-subgenus ebini. Phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo ze-kumquat, ezimbini ziyaziwayo: i-Japanese kinkan (isiLatin F. japonica) kunye ne-citrus margarita (isiLatini F. margarita). Ukongezelela, namhlanje kukho inani elikhulu leemveliso zeekinkans kunye nezityalo zase-citrus, ezifunyenwe ngokuzikhethela kwaye zendalo. Phakathi kwazo:
- calamondin, i-orangequat (kumquat kunye nesi-mandarin);
- i-limequat (kumquat kunye ne-lime);
- citrumquat (iJapan ne-citrus trifolate);
- i-tsitranshdin (i-hybrid yama-mandarin kunye ne-kumquat kunye ne-hybrid ye-orange kunye ne-trifolate);
- i-citranquat (kumquat, i-orange kunye ne-citrus trifoliate), njl njl.
I-Kumquat ineenzuzo ezininzi ezenza ukuba zivelele kakhulu phakathi kwabavelisi bezityalo ezikhulayo izityalo ekhaya. Okokuqala, lo mthi ubonakala ngokukhula kwawo kunye nokuncipha. Okwesibini, i-kumquat - izityalo ezinqabileyo, ezineesithsaba esihle kunye namagqabi amancinci. Okwesithathu, umthi ubumnandi kakhulu kunye neentyantyambo ezinamakha kunye neziqhamo ezininzi. Iintyatyambo ze-kumquat zimhlophe nge-pink tinge. Ukongezelela, i-kumquat - houseplants, edla ngokudala ibhonsai. Ukuze i-kumquat ikhule ngokuthe tye, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ubungakanani bebhodyi.
Ukulima kwimeko engaphakathi, zonke iintlobo ze-kumquat zifanelekileyo, kunye ne-hybrid ye-kumquat nge-mandarin emuncu. Ubude bomthi okhulile kwigumbi bunokufikelela kwi-1.5 m, oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kudinga isitya esikhulu. Abafowuni bavame ukukhetha iintlobo zezilwanyana ezilandelayo: "Nagami" (iziqhamo zase-orange ngendlela yemifuno), "Marumi", "Maiva" (izityalo ezijikelezileyo kunye neziqhamo), "i-IndioMandarinquat" (iziqhamo ngohlobo lwebell orange, enkulu kunazo zonke kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-kumquat ). Ezi ntlobo zizinzile kwaye azifaki kwiqondo lokushisa -10-12C.
Ixesha lokukhula kwe-kumquat ekhaya liphela ekupheleni kuka-Epreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kwaye ihlala iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwe-50. Ubungakanani bexesha lugqitywa yimimiselo yokuvalelwa. Isityalo esikhulu sinexesha elilodwa lokukhula, kwaye omncinci unabini, ngokungafani nezinye izityalo zase-citrus. Kwithuba ngalinye isityalo songeza u-6-10 cm ubude.
Isiqhamo seentyantyambo kinkana - Julayi-Agasti. Ngokuqhelekileyo izimbali ziyaqhubeka ukususela kwiintsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwiveki, kodwa emva kweveki ezingama-2-3 kukho iziganeko zezimbali eziphindaphindiweyo. Iintyatyambo zezilwanyana zombini, zithathwa nge-pollinated ngeendlela eziphambanisayo, kodwa ngezinye izihlandlo zenze i-self-pollination. Ukuqhaqha kwe-kumquat kufuneka kulawulwe, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, kunye nezinye ezinye izitrasi zangaphakathi. Isiqhamo esithwele isiqhamo somthi nguDisemba-Januwari.
Kumquat: ukushiya.
Ngexesha elishisayo, i-kumquat idinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ebusika, isityalo kufuneka sikwazi ukufikelela ekukhanyeni kwelanga kunye nokukhanya kwemvelo, ngoko imbiza kunye nomthi kufuneka ifakwe kwiwindow eseningizimu. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukukhanyisa i-kumquat kunye ne-artificially.
Iqondo lokushisa elihle kwi-ekquat ehlobo li-25-30C, ebusika - 15-18C. Ehlotyeni umthi ulungele ukugcinwa ngaphandle. Gcina ikinkan ekugqithiseni kakhulu emini nasemveni kwe-hypothermia ebusuku. Kwakhona, musa ukuvumela umthi ukuba umile kwaye uphelele, ngokubeka i-kumquat kwisitya esigcwele i-peat, i-moss, i-sawdust okanye isanti. Ungakwazi kwakhona ibhokisi le-prikopat kunye nesityalo kwihlobo legadi, uhlambulule ibhokhwe ngaphandle okanye uyigubungele nayiphi na into ekhuselayo. Umhlaba ovela phezulu ulungelelaniswe ne-peat, umquba okanye utshani. Ngethuba lexesha leentyantyambo, ukudibanisa iifom kunye nokuvelisa, kuyimfuneko ukugcina i-kumquat kwiqondo lokushisa eli-15-18C. Ukushisa okufanayo kufuneka kube ngumhlaba.
Izityalo ze-Kumquat zithanda umoya omanzi. Ukuba umoya omile (ngokukodwa ebusika), ngoko isityalo singasilahla amaqabunga. Kwakwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwezilwanyana: i-spider mite kunye ne-scab. Ukuthintela ukomisa, ungasifaka isityalo ngamanzi ashushu kwaye ufake iimbiza ezizaliswe ngamanzi ngaphantsi komthi.
Ukunkcenkceshwa kinkana kufuneka kube ngokwaneleyo kwaye rhoqo. Ehlotyeni umthi uphuziswa imihla ngemihla, entwasahlobo - yonke imihla, nangobusika - akukho ngaphezu kwe kabini ngeveki. Amanzi okunkcenkceshela kufuneka abe phantsi kwaye angaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Ukuxilisa ngamanzi abandayo kubangela ukuba amaqabunga aphuzi kunye nokuwa.
Xa ukondla i-kumquat, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bebumbi kunye nobungakanani besityalo: encinci ibhokhwe kunye nenkulu ye-kumquat, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuchumisa. I-kinkan evelisa iziqhamo ukususela ngo-Matshi kuya kuSeptemba ifakelwe amaxesha amathathu ngenyanga, ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuMatshi - kanye ngenyanga okanye ngokuncinane kangangoko. Ukuze isichumisi sisebenzise isisombululo sezichumisi zamaminerali: qhafaza ilitha yamanzi i-ammonium nitrate (2-3 g), i-sodium chloride okanye ityuwa ye-potassium (1-2 g), i-superphosphate elula (4-6 g). Kunqweneleka ngezinye izihlandlo ukutya i-kumquat incibilikiswe emanzini ngomlotha wokhuni. Ehlotyeni nakusentwasahlobo kukulungele ukutshintshela izichumisi ze-mineral (ezingenayo i-chlorine) kunye nokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-slurry (umquba weenkomo kunye namanzi kwisilinganiselo 1: 10).
Ukutshintshela i-fructose kumquat kufuneka ibe yinto yonke iminyaka engama-2-3 (okanye ngaphantsi) ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari okanye ekuqaleni koMatshi. Ukutshintshela umthi kwisikhumba esikhulu kuhanjiswa. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba iingcambu zomhlaba ezibophekileyo azonakali. Ngomhla wokufakelwa, hlaziya umjelo. Ngoko, phantsi komgca wendawo ubeka i-shards side up shards of shards, kuwo 3-4 cm yentlabathi ehlanjulweyo kwaye kuphela umxube womhlaba. Kwakhona, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha indawo endaweni yodongwe, ungavumeli umonakalo kwiingcambu. Umxube womhlaba phakathi kweendonga zebumbi kunye ne-coma yomhlaba ihlanganiswe. I-kumquat echitshiweyo kufuneka ithunyelwe ngokubanzi, ibekwe kwindawo efihliweyo kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya ku-15 ize ifafazwe isithsaba imihla ngemihla.
Ukuze i-kumquat, umxube wehlabathi, umhlabathi wezityalo eziqhamo, isanti edibeneyo, i-sheet humus okanye i-manure ifanelekile (2: 1: 0.5: 1). Abadala bekinkans badinga umhlaba onzima kunabantwana, oko kukuthi, umyinge womhlaba kunye ne-turf ukwandiswa ngamaxesha a-1.5-2.
Ezi ntlobo zifakwe zimbewu, izalathisi, izicucu kunye nokuhlanganiswa.