Namhlanje singathanda ukukuxelela ngomntu ovelele wekhulu le-19. Umbhali wabantwana uCharlotte Bronte uhleli ngonaphakade kwiincwadi zehlabathi. Udumo lokwenyaniso lwamzisela inveli "Jane Eyer". Ngokwengxenye yendalo, uthetha ngexesha elibi lomntwana kwihlabathi elidala.
Ubunono bombhali wabantwana uCharlotte Bronte luyinto ebalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweNgesi ebalulekileyo.
Intombi yomfundisi ohluphekileyo kunye nomntu ongenamalungu amaninzi, uSh. Brontë wayehlala ubomi bakhe bonke (1816-1855) kwidolophana yaseYorkshire. Kwisikolo sabantwana abahluphekileyo, wafumana imfundo engummiselo, kodwa waqhubeka eyongezelela ubomi bakhe ngokufunda nokufunda iilwimi. Indlela yakhe yokuphila yindlela yomntu osebenza nzima ongekho, ongumzabalazo oqhubekayo wokulwa nentlungu kunye nentlupheko. Emva kokufa komama kunye noodadewabo ababini, wahlala eyona mkhulu endlwini xa wayeneminyaka engama-9 kuphela ubudala. Ukuze athole ubomi bakhe, waphoqeleka ukuba asebenze njengesiqhelo kwithuba elithile kwindlu yomnikazi wefestile kwaye wazibonela konke ukuhlaziswa awakhulume ngokukrakra emlonyeni we-heroines yamanveli akhe.
Uyise kaCharlotte ebutsheni bakhe wabhala iikholeji ezininzi. Udade Charlotte, uEmily, wabhala incwadana ethi "iWuthering Heights", kunye noodadewabo, uAna, kunye neengxelo ezimbini, nangona le ncwadi inobuthakathaka kunemisebenzi kaCharlotte noEmily. Umzalwana wabo wayelungiselela ukuba ngumculi. Njengomntwana, bonke babhala izinkondlo kunye neenveli, baza bavelisa umagazini wesandla. Ngo-1846 oodade bapapasha iqoqo leenkondlo ngeendleko zabo. Kodwa, nangona italente, ubomi babo bunzima kakhulu.
Abantwana babanjwe ngokuthe ngqo kwintsapho, bengalokothi banikele inyama. Ukutya kwabo kwakungowona mkhulu waseSpartan, babehlala begqoke iimpahla ezimnyama. UBawo Charlotte ukhathazekile ngekamva leentombi. Kwakudingeka ukuba banikeze imfundo ukuze bakwazi, ukuba kunyanzelekile, bakhonze njengabaqhubi okanye ootitshala. Ehlotyeni ka-1824, oodade baseCharlotte bashiya isikolo esingabizi ngebhodi epheleleyo eCowan Bridge: Maria no-Elizabeth. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva koko, uCharlotte oneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, emva koko uEmily.
Ukuhlala eCoran Bridge kwakunzima uvavanyo lukaCharlotte. Kwakulambile kakhulu kwaye kubanda. Apha waqala ukunambitha ubuhlungu bokungancedi. Emehlweni akhe, uMariya wayenomsindo onobuhlungu, owamcaphukisa uthisha ngokungabikho kwengqondo, ngokungacacanga nokuyeka.
Ubuqhetseba obunobuntshatshazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kancinci kwangoko kwakhokelela ekupheleni koluhlungu. NgoFebhuwari, uMariya wathunyelwa ekhaya, ngoMeyi wafa. Kwaye kwaba ngu-Elizabethe, kwaye wayenempilo embi kakhulu.
Ngoku kwakukho odade abathathu, kodwa ngandlela-thile kwavela ukuba u-Emily no-Ann baqulunqa umanyano wabo okhethekileyo "obabini", kwaye uCharlotte wasondela ku-Branwell. Bonke baqala ukupapasha iphephancwadi lasekhaya kubantu abatsha, ukukhuthazwa kwi-Blackwood Magazine. Ingxaki yokubunjwa kweentombi zikaPatrick Bronte yahlala ingaphendululwa, kodwa ngoku yayinomdla kwaye inqwenela ukunika uCharlotte, owayengowokuqala kwintsapho, kwiziko lemfundo elongezelelekileyo. Leyo yayiyiSchool School of sisters Wooler. Imali yokufundiswa yayininzi, kodwa unkulunkulukazi uCharlotte wafika ekuhlanguleni, kwaye, ngentliziyo, umfazi oshiywe nguRowhead.
UCharlotte wayebonakala engaqhelekanga kumantombazana. Kodwa konke oku akuzange kuyeke ukuphatha uCharlotte ongenasicathulo kunye nentlonipho enkulu, kuba wayebonakala engumsebenzi onzima kunye nomsebenzi wokusebenza. Kungekudala waba ngumfundi wokuqala esikolweni, kodwa nangona kunjalo wayengahlali.
Ngo-1849, oodade kunye nomntakwabo uCharlotte bafa ngesifo sofuba, kwaye uhlala yedwa kunye nobadala kunye nabagulayo. Kwakungekho lula kumntombazana ohluphekileyo kunye ongenalwazi ovela kwiphondo elikude ukuba athabathe indlela yakhe kwiincwadi. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala, u-Teacher (1846), ayizange yamkelwe nayiphi na umvakalisi. Kodwa unyaka kamva ukushicilelwa kwincwadi ethi "Jane Eyre" (1847) yayisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimpilo yobhalo yaseNgilandi. Incoko ye-bourgeois ihlasele ngokutsha iveli ngenxa yemoya yokuvukela, kodwa yile moya ovukelayo owawenza igama lomlobi liyaziwa kwaye lithandwa kwiidemokhrasi. Ngethuba lokushicilelwa kwe "Shirley" (1849), yonke iNgilani yayazi igama likaKerrer Bell - ingqungquthela apho Sh. Brontë ekhishwe "Jane Eyre". IKerrer Bell igama lomntu, kwaye abafundi bexesha elide bebengayazi ukuba ibhinqa lalifihla emva kwakhe. Umbhali wayefanele asebenze ekukhohliseni, kuba wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi i-bourgeoisie yesiNgesi yayiya kumgweba kuphela ngenxa yokuba yabhalwa ngumfazi.
UBronte sele sele enamava malunga nale nkalo: nangaphambi kokupapashwa kweemibongo, wayethumela incwadi kunye nemibongo yakhe kumbongi uRobert Southey. Wamxelela ukuba uncwadi aluwona umsebenzi womfazi; ibhinqa, ngokombono wakhe, kufuneka lifumane ukwaneliseka kwindlu kunye nokukhuliswa kwabantwana. [2.3, 54]
Emva kukaShirley, uBronte wabhala incwadi ethi "Vilette" (1853), apho wayethetha ngokuhlala kwakhe okufutshane eBrussels, apho wafunda khona kwaye wasebenza kwindlu yokubhola enethemba lokuvula isikolo sakhe. Eli shishini eliseNgilani laseBurgeois linganika umlobi ngokuzimela okukhulu. Kodwa injongo yayingaze izaliseke.
E-Russia, umsebenzi we-S. Bronte uyaziwa kusukela kuma-50 e-XIX leminyaka. Ukuguqulelwa kwazo zonke iincwadi zaso zipapashwe kumajelo aseRashiya ngexesha; Ininzi yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yazinikezelwa kuye.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ithandwa yileveli ka Sh. Bronte "Jane Eyre". Ibali lobomi likaJane Eyre liqhamo lezinto zobugcisa, kodwa ihlabathi lamava alo angaphakathi ngokuqinisekileyo likufutshane neSh Brontë. Ingxelo, evela kumntu we-heroine, icacile ngokucacileyo ngombala. Kwaye nangona uBronte ngokwakhe, ngokungafani ne-heroin yakhe, owayesazi zonke iintlungu zenkedama kunye nezinye izonka zabantu ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe, wayekhulile kwintsapho enkulu, ejikelezwe ngumntakwabo kunye noodade bakhe - ubunjani bobugcisa, yena, njengoJane Eyre, wayezimisele ukuba aphile bonke abathandekayo bakhe .
UBronte wafa eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithoba, emngcwaba umntakwabo kunye nodade, kwaye engaqapheli imimiselo yomtshato kunye nonina, owamnika ngokugqithisileyo i-heroine.