10 iinkcukacha malunga nokugonywa komnyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana

Ukugonya umntwana okanye kungekhona - oomama abaninzi lo mbuzo uvela ngobushushu obufanelekileyo bukaHamlet. Masizame ukuqonda.

Ukuveliswa kwezitofu kuye kwaba yimpumelelo yokuguqulwa kwamachiza kwaye iye yavumela ukupheliswa kwezifo zesifo ezibi kakhulu. Ukusuka kwimbono yentlalontle kunye nentlalontle, kufuneka ukuba yenziwe ngokungavunyelwanga. Ngexesha elifanayo, izitofu, nokuba zingasebenzi, apho kungekho bhaktheriya ephilayo kunye neentsholongwane, zixhatshazwa ngokunyuka kwempilo yengane, okwethutyana okanye isigxina. Kwaye nanamhlanje, xa ugonyo luye lwazikhethela, abazali kufuneka bazikhethele bona. Senza kuphela i-mybunk 10 yeengcinga eziqhelekileyo malunga nokugonywa kwabantwana beminyaka enomdla kakhulu - unyaka wokuqala wobomi.
1. Namhlanje kukho imishanguzo enokusetyenziswa ngokulula kunye nezifo ezithathelwanayo apho izitofu zenziwa khona.

IQINISO
Izitofu zenziwa ngalawo mayeza, angenawo amayeza nonke (imvune, i-rubella, i-parotitis, i-poliomyelitis), okanye asebenze kakuhle (i-hepatitis B, isifo sofuba, ukukhwehlela), okanye bona ngokwabo bangabangela imiphumo emibi (i-serum yehashe esuka kwi-tetanus ne-diphtheria ). Ngelishwa, oku kunjalo nje xa kulula kakhulu ukukhusela isifo kunokuba uyiphathe.

2. Izifo, apho izitofu zenziwa ngokungafihliyo, ziye zatshatyalaliswa.

IQINISO
Ukuphela kwanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba kuphela i-smallpox, ukusuka kwiigcino zakhe azange zenziwe. Kuyaziwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa umzimba omzimba xa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabemi igonyelwe. Ngelishwa, kwezinye iindawo zelizwe lethu inani labantu abagonywe ngu-70%, okanye i-46%. Le meko ibonisa ukuba abazali abaninzi bancike kwabanye, kwaye bona ngokwabo bayenqaba ukugonywa. Ngelo xesha, i-world practice i bonise: ngokukhawuleza ukuba ipesenti yegonywayo iyancitshiswa, kuvela ukuqhambuka. Oku kwenzekayo eYurophu, leyo eyiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo yayigonywe ngokunciphisa isantya. Isiphumo: ngo-2012 malunga neziganeko ezingama-30 zezifo zabhaliswa, 26 kunye nomonakalo wengqondo - i-encephalitis, eyi-8-ngesiphumo esibulalayo. Ngoko ngelixa iindawo ezithile kwilizwe likhona isifo, ithuba lokuhlangabezana nalo lihlala. Vumela kwaye ncinane. Kwaye kukufanelekile ukucinga ngayo ngaphandle ngaphandle.

3. Ukuba umntwana unombele, unokugoma izitofu kuye, ukhuselwe ngumkhuhlane womama.

IQINISO
Ukuzikhusela komama akusikho okwaneleyo. Umama akakwazi ukukhumbula iziphi izitofu azenzileyo ebuntwaneni. Ukuba isitofu sokugonya, umzekelo wokukhwehlela, ulahlekelwa ngumama, ngoko umama akanalo i-antibodies. Yaye nangona umama wagonywa phantsi kwecwangciso epheleleyo okanye ebesenokuba nezifo zobuntwana, inqanaba lomntu onokuthi libe liphantsi. Nangona iintsana, ezixhaswa ngumama wabamama, ziyakwazi ukukhuseleka kwezi zifo kunokuthi "iintsana" ezingabonakaliyo, yingakho ziza kuba lula ukunyamezela nasiphi na isifo.

IShedyuli yesiZwe seNtsholongwane iqulethe uluhlu olufunekayo lwezitofu.

IQINISO
Ezinye izitofu zazibonakalisa ziphumelele. Kodwa ngeendleko zeburhulumenteni azenziwanga yonke indawo. Ngokomzekelo, izitofu zokusulela i-pneumococcal ne-rotavirus. Ezi zifo ziyingozi nje kubantwana. Okanye isitofu sokugonywa kwe-hemophilic yohlobo b - lukhusela kwi-otitis, i-bronchitis, i-meningitis kunye ne-pneumonia. I-Meningococcal - ukusuka kwi-meningitis. WHO iyacebisa ukuba onke amazwe ehlabathini afumane iigciwane malunga nepapillomavirus yabantu kunye nenkukhu yenkukhu. I-Chickenpox ibangela izifo zesikhumba, i-pneumonia, umonakalo kwimbilini yobuso kunye namehlo. Intsholongwane yesifo se-papilloma ngokuqhelekileyo enye yezona zixhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi, yandisa ingozi yokuba nomhlaza.

5. Zonke izitofu ezifanayo azikhuseli i-100% yeso sifo, oko kwenza ukuba bangabi nentsingiselo.

IQINISO
Enyanisweni, izitofu aziqinisekisi ukuba umntu akayi kugula emva kokufumana isifo. Intsingiselo yokugonya kukuba ukukhuseleka, esele yaqhelana notshaba, unokuyiqonda ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyanciphise ngokukhawuleza. Ngako oko, kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuba izitofu zigula, zinyamezela lula, ngaphandle kweengxaki kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingenayo impawu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abancinci.

6. Kunengqiqo ukwenza kuphela izitofu ezinxamnye nezifo ezibi kakhulu ezingakhokelela ekufeni okanye ekukhubazekeni komntwana, kwaye kwimiphopho ayinangqiqo.

IQINISO
Kwanjalo kwezi zifo esizijwayele ukubiza "imiphunga", ukuhluka kwezinto ezikhoyo ngoku kungenzeka. Ngaloo ndlela, i-rubella kunye nemasisi kubangele i-encephalitis kwenye yeemeko ezili-1000. Ingulube (emathunjini) ingabangela ukungabikho komntwana kwintombi kunye namantombazana. Ngaphambilana, xa ukugonywa kwama-mumps kwakungazange kwenziwe, bekuyi-mumps eyayiyimbangela yamatyala amaninzi e-serous meningitis. I-Pertussis emva konyaka ayisoloko ibulalayo, kodwa inokubangela i-asthma, i-cramps kunye ne-pneumonia.

7. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-3-5 umntwana usenomkhuhlane wakhe. Musa ukuphazamisana nale nkqubo, kwaye izitofu zingenziwa kamva.

IQINISO
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isimiso sethu sokuzivikela sisilungele ukudibana nelizwe langaphandle sele sele lizalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeziphene ze-genetic zeeyunithi zokuzikhusela okanye ngenxa yokusulelwa kwintsholongwane yabantwana kubantwana, ukukhuselwa komzimba kubonakala ngokukhawuleza. Ezi ntsana zihlala zigula. Oko kuphela ukuba balinde ngokugonywa kubangelwa: ingozi ephezulu yezifo ezinzima. Kukho nawuphi na, udokotela wezingane uyazi umfanekiso ochanekileyo.

8. I-inoculations ibangele i-allergies.

IQINISO
I-allergies - impendulo enganeleyo kwizinto ezivela ngaphandle, ezizuzwe njengefa. Izifo kunye neentsholongwane zikhuthaza ukukhuseleka kwaye zifundisa umzimba ukuba uphendule ngokuphazamiseka okunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, izitofu ngokwabo zingabangela ukubola. Ukongezelela, kubantwana abancinci abavame ukunyamezela kwi-vaccine, kodwa kwizinto ezihluke ngokupheleleyo - nje ukuphendula ngokukhuselana nokukhuselwa komzimba kungakhuthazwa. Ngoko ke, ukuthuthuzela umntwana nge-candy okanye ieskese ezintsha emva kokugonywa akufanelekanga.

9. Emva kokugonywa, abantwana baqala ukugula ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

IQINISO
Uphando lwezenzi-zenzululwazi zaseDanish lubonise ukuba phezulu inani lokugonywa kwabantwana, baninzi bahlala begula. Ukungakhuselekanga akuyona inkqubo yokuthunyelwa kweenqanawa. Kunoko, inokuthelekiswa nenkqubo yesifo. Ukuba sifundisa inkondlo, ngoko ngeli xesha sinako ukuhlamba izitya. I-immune system iyakwazi "ukusebenza kunye nokuphendula" kuma-antitigens ayi-100 ezigulane kunye ne-100,000 yokugonya-ke ngoko kubalwa izifo ze-immunologists. Nangona kunjalo, ugonyo ngumngeni omkhulu kumngcipheko. Ukuba umntwana unobungozi, ugonywe ngumngcipheko.

10. Izigulana zikhupha izifo zengqondo, zinika iingxaki ezinzulu.

IQINISO
Ngelishwa, kukho iimeko ezinjalo. Kwaye abazali banelungelo lokukwazi oku. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela idatha yesabare: i-encephalitis kwi-measle kunye ne-rubella ivela kwimeko enye ukusuka kwiwaka, kwaye xa igonywe ngezi zifo - kwimeko enye ngesigidi sezilwanyana. I-Convulsive syndrome e-pertussis ekhwehlela ukukhwehlela ibonakala ngo-12% wabantwana, abanezitofu-kuphela kwimeko enye kwii-15 zamaxabiso ezinkulungwane. Kukho umngcipheko kuyo yonke into ebomini bethu, kwaye umsebenzi wabazali ukuvavanya amathuba okugula ngesiphumo esingaphephile okanye ukufumana ingxaki emva kokugonywa. Kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba abantwana bathathe onke amanyathelo kunye nabo ukuze banciphise umngcipheko.