Kuza kube namhlanje, iingcali ziye zafumana amava aneleyo malunga nemiphumo emibi yeziyobisi ekuphuhlisweni komntwana kunye nosana olutsha. Izidakamizwa eziyingozi kakhulu ezinefuthe le-teratogenic (ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki yokuzalwa komntwana kwintsana ezayo).
Amachiza aphikisanayo xa ekhulelwe angaba nempembelelo nganoma naluphi na ixesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa inani elithembekileyo leenkcukacha zithembekileyo lifunyenwe ngokubeka esweni iziphumo zamachiza ngexesha le-organogenesis (ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-18 ukuya kwii-55) kunye nokuphuhliswa komntwana kunye nokukhula (emva kweentsuku ezingama-56) .
Okuzisola kwethu, isenzo se-teratogen kubantu kunzima ukuqikelela, ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokulinga, eyatholakala kwizilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, i-hypnotic thalidomide yimihlaba yangempela, kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo le nkunkuma yayisoloko imiselwe abafazi abakhulelweyo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngoko konke ukuziphatha kwezilingo kwizilwanyana nawuphi na umphumo we-teratogenic awunakutyhilwa.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukufunyanwa kwezi ngxaki zonyango lwezonyango kuphazamiswa nemvelaphi yemvelo yobunzima bomntwana, ezihambelana nezinye izizathu (utywala, i-ecology, izifo zentsholongwane, njl.).
Kukho inani elikhulu leziyobisi ezinokuba yingozi kwimeko yokujonga i-teratogenesis, kwaye umphumo wayo ubonakaliswe xa kukho izinto ezintle ezi zinto. Ngoko ke, xa kucwangciswa iziyobisi kubasetyhini ngexesha lokubeletha, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ingozi esele ikhona kwaye idibanise kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhuphela ukukhulelwa xa izidakamizwa ezinemihlaba ye-teratogenic imiselwe.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zedata efunyenwe emva kokulinga kubantu kwaye ikakhulukazi kwizilwanyana, iziyobisi kumaxesha anamhlanje zihlulwa ngokwezinga lokungcipheka kwengxaki kumntwana ozayo kwamanye amazwe (i-Australia, eUnited States). Amachiza ahlukeneyo abe ngamacandelo avela kwi-A, ekhuselekileyo, kwi-D, eyingozi ukuba anikezele ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kwakhona udidi lwe-X lwabiwe-ezi nkunkuma ziphikisana ngokupheleleyo nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Oku kubangelwa ukuba umngcipheko wesicelo uninzi kunenzuzo ngenxa yempembelelo ephantsi yokwelapha.
Uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezivela kwicandelo X:
- ukuxhatshazwa;
- zokukhusela i-hormonal;
- antihypertensives (chlorothiazide, reserpine);
- inani lamachiza omzimba (tetracycline, streptomycin);
- i-vitamin A, ukuba idosa lidlula i-10 IU ngosuku;
- i-analgesics (i-indomethacin, i-aspirin).
Ukuchasene ngokukodwa ngamachiza alandelayo:
- ezinye izitofu (nangona ukulimala ekusebenziseni izitofu ekukhulelweni akubonakali);
- iziyobisi ezibangela iziphumo zecala, kwaye zichazwe ngugqirha kuphela xa kubalulekile kwimpilo yowesifazane okhulelweyo;
- amalungiselelo okuphandwa ngokungapheli (umngcipheko wesicelo awubonakalwanga, kodwa akachaswanga).
Kwakhona kufuneka kukhunjulwe engqondweni ukuba umfazi akakwazi ukusebenzisa amayeza kuphela ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa kunye nenani lamacimbi. Umzekelo, i-blueberry, umama nomama wesibini, comfrey, magnolia, umjunipha, i-stekhnia, njl.
Ngaphambi kokuthabatha iziyobisi, owesifazane okhulelweyo kufuneka afunde ngokucophelela isichaso, kuba kubonakala ukuba kubonakala ukuba kuya kwenzeka ukusebenzisa le chiza ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuze uthembeke, ungabonisana nengcali.
Xa ugunyazisa iziyobisi nokugqiba umthamo, ugqirha makangacingi nje kuphela umphumo ekukhulelweni, kodwa kunye nomphumo wokukhulelwa kwisiphumo seziyobisi. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa litshintsho kwi-absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs. Ukongeza, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuxilongwa kweeprotheni zitshintsha, umthamo wetsholongwane ye-extracellular, kwi-trimester yesithathu iyatshintsha umsebenzi wezintso kunye nesibindi, kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokucubungula nokususwa kweziyobisi.
Ukwamkelwa kweemali ezichasiweyo kufuneka kumekwe ngexesha lokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa, kokubili kwabesetyhini kunye namadoda. Xa ukhulelwe, kufuneka unyamekele: landela iingcebiso zegqirha uze uqaphele ukungena okungalawulwayo kwemithi.