Izibonakaliso zengcinezelo
Kwi-cataracts, ukuhamba kweemitha ezikhanyayo ngeso isohlokile. Iingxaki ezincinci zingenakubangela nayiphi na impawu ezibonakalayo. Izikhulu zinokuba yintoni ebangela ukutshintshwa kwezi zilandelayo: ukuhla kwezinto ezibonakalayo ("inkungu emehlweni") - iphula izenzo eziqhelekileyo, njengokufunda okanye ukuqhuba imoto; Umbono udla ngokugqithiseleyo ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, kwaye kude kunye nephakathi; mabala - angabonwa kwindawo echanekileyo kwintsimi yokujonga; I-Diplopia (imbono kabini) inokugcinwa kuphela kwelinye iliso kwaye iqhubekeke xa iso lesibini livaliwe; ii-halos ze-glaucomatous - amasongo omlantshi abonakala ngumbindi ojikelezayo kwimithombo yokukhanya okanye nayiphi na into eqaqambileyo, yonke into ejikeleze ine-tint orange; Ukufunda lula - izigulana ezazifunwa ngeglasi ukufundwa, ngamanye amaxesha ungasisebenzisi kwakhona. Izinguqu ezinxulumene neCataract kwimilo yelensi zandisa imyopia.
Izizathu
I-clouding ye-lens ingaba: iimeko ezinxulumene nobudala ukuzalwa komntwana - ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-virus, efana nerubella, okanye izifo ezinjenge-galactosemia, ezihamba nezinga eliphezulu le-galactose egazini; ilifa - kwezinye iindwendwe zikhona iziganeko zofuzo ekuphuhliseni i-cataract kwasebuncinaneni; ezibuhlungu - ngenxa yemivimbo yelihlo, amanxeba angena emagqabini okanye iinqununu zetsimbi, okanye izenzo zangaphambili zamehlo; ezivuthayo - izigulane ezine-iris ezingapheliyo kweso (iritom) zengozi eyingozi; kubangelwa isifo sikashukela - ngezinga eliphezulu leswekile kwigazi, i-lens ingonakaliswe; ukukhanya kwelanga - kunye nexesha elide lokukhanya kwelanga okanye i-radiation ionizing; kubangelwa i-corticosteroids - ukusebenzisa ixesha elide leziyobisi zeli qela kungabangela ukuba i-cataracts; ezinxulumene nezifo zesikhumba, ezinjenge-dermatitis ye-atypical. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abasebenzisa i-insulin banokuxhamla kwi-cataract ngenxa yokungondleki kwesondlo kweso.
Diagnostics
Ukuxilongwa kwe-cataracts kwenziwa emva kokuhlolwa ngokupheleleyo kwamehlo ukwenzela ukuba ungabandakanyi ezinye i-pathologies, umzekelo we-glaucoma okanye isifo se-retinal. Izigulane ezinama-cataract ziyakwazi ukubonisa indawo yomthombo wokukhanya, abafundi basabela ngokuqhelekileyo ekukhanyeni. Kwiimeko eziphambili, i-lens ingabonakala ibomvu okanye imhlophe.
Ophthalmoscopy
Ukusebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope (isixhobo esikhethekileyo soviwo lwangaphakathi lwamehlo), omnye unokuqinisekisa ubungqina be-cataracts. Xa i-ray yokukhanya idluliselwa phakathi komfundi ukusuka kumgama malunga no-60 cm, udonga olusemva lweliso ngokuqhelekileyo lubukeka lubomvu (ngoko ke "amehlo ebomvu" abonakala kwezinye iifoto). I-Cataract ibonakala njengendawo emnyama.
Ingozi yokuzalwa
Zonke iintsana, kunye nabantwana phakathi kweminyaka eyi-6 neye-8 kufuneka zihlolwe i-cataract nezinye izifo zamehlo. Iingxaki zentsholongwane kufuneka ziphathwe kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Xa kungabikho unyango ofike ngexesha, ukuphuhliswa kombono oqhelekileyo kunokuphazamiseka, nokuba ngaba i-cataract ekupheleni kweminyaka iyakususwa. I-Ophthalmologists zisebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope yoviwo lwangaphakathi lweso, ngoncedo apho kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa okanye ukukhuphela ukuxilongwa kwe-cataract. Ayikho unyango lwezonyango. Kwizigaba zokuqala, iziglasi ezimnyama zinokuthintela isohlwayo kweso xa zibonakala zikhanya. Ukukhanyisa okuhle ukusuka phezulu kunye nangemuva kunokunceda ekufundeni.
U kunyango
Umsebenzi wokususa i-cataracts (ukutsalwa kwe-cataract) ikhuselekile kwaye isebenze. Lo ngowona msebenzi oqhelekileyo ocwangcisiweyo kwibadala. E-Rashiya, ngaphezu kwee-300 zama-cataract extractions zenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Phakathi kwezigulane, kukholelwa ukuba i-cataract extraction iphakanyiswa kuphela ekupheleni kwexesha, kunye nokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela zokucwangcisa zanamhlanje, ukulibazisa ekusebenzeni akudingeki. Kwi-extracapsular extractsular cataract extraction, i-central, inxalenye yecala ye-lens (i-nucleus) inokuhlanjululwa ngaphambi kokususwa ngu-ultrasound. Emva kokuhlinzwa, ezininzi izigulane zibona ukuphucula okubonakalayo embonweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunda kusenokufuna iimpawu. Umsebenzi udlalwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, kunye ne-hospitals day-day.
Zobugcisa
Ukukhutshwa kwe-extracapsular kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa ubugcisa be-microsurgical, ugqirha uyasusa i-lensi ngokubambisa encinci. Intracapsular extraction iquka ukususwa kwelensi yonke kunye ne capsule, ngokuqhelekileyo ngoncedo lwe-cryoprobe; olu buchule lusetyenziswa njengendlela ephantsi. Izigulane zidla ngokukhawuleza. Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-eye-inflammatory and antibacterial eye drops kuyadingeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle kwe-lens, iliso libona kumgama okude, kodwa ayikwazi ukugxila kwizinto ezikufuphi. Iilayi okanye ukufakelwa kwelensi yokufakelwa kunceda ukulungisa umbono. Iiglasi - eziyimfuneko emva kokusebenza, zandisa izinto ezikufuphi, kodwa zinzima kwaye zinciphisa ummandla wokujonga; Ukusetyenziswa kwezimpembelelo ze-intraocular kugweme ukusebenzisa iiglasi. Izimpembelelo ze-intraocular - ukuphuhliswa kwe-lens intraocular (iilensi zokufakelwa) ziye zenziwa ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, xa kuthe kwafumanisa ukuba iinqununu ze-plexiglas ezivela kwiikhabhi zezindiza, zihlala ejongeni, zingamlimazi, ngokungafani namanye amaninzi angaphandle. Uninzi lwamaqhinga okufakelwa apha lufakwe kwi capsule yecala elingenalutho. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamalensi ezifakelwayo, kuquka i-polymethyl-methacrylate eqinile kunye ne-lentile ye-silicone lens, eqaliswe ngokuchithwa okuncinci. I-Cataract ikhula ngokukhula ngexesha elide kwaye ingakhokelela ekubumbeni. Ngokuvimbela uviwo lwezokwelapha ngaphakathi kweso, lugqithisa ukuxilongwa kwezinye izifo zamehlo ezinyango. Umsebenzi ubuyisela umboniso oqhelekileyo ngokungabikho kwesinye isifo seziliso. Ngethuba lokulungisa ukusebenza kunye ne-cataracts isinqumlezo senziwe kunye nomda we-cornea (indawo iyajikelezwa ngumbuthano). Oku kuvumela ukuba isilonda siphulule ngaphandle kokugaya. Emva kokufakela i-lens, i-capsule thickening ngezinye izihlandlo ibonwa, nto leyo ibangela ukunyuka kokubonakala kombono. Kule meko, kufuneka unyango lwe-laser. I-Cataract yinto ebangela ukukhubazeka kombono kubantu abadala.