Iingqungquthela ezibalulekileyo ze-endocrine zi:
• I-grey gland;
• Ingubo ye-Thyroid;
• izigulane zengqondo;
• inxalenye ye-pancreas;
• izigulane ze-adrenal;
• Izilwanyana zesondo (amaqanda kubasetyhini kunye namathambo emadodeni).
Indima yamahomoni
Umsebenzi weengcambu ze-endocrine uhlala ekukhululweni kwama-hormone ngqo kwigazi. Ama-hormone ahlukeneyo angaba ngamaqela ahlukeneyo eekhemikhali. Bafudukela ngegazi langoku, belawula umsebenzi weenjongo ezijoliswe kuyo. Iimbumba zeeseli zala malungu zinemiphunga evelele kwi-hormone ethile. Ngokomzekelo, enye ihomoni idala iiseli ezibuhlungu ukuvelisa i-signal ye-signal-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), echaphazela iinkqubo zeprotheni, ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nokuveliswa kwamanye amahomoni. Ngamanye ama-endocrine ama-hormone enza i-hormones eyenza imisebenzi ethile emzimbeni.
• Ingubo ye-Thyroid
Iimpendulo ngokukodwa ukulawulwa kwe-metabolism yamandla, ukuvelisa i-hormones thyroxine kunye ne-triiodothyronine.
• Iingqungquthela ze-Parathyroid
Zivelisa i-hormone ye-parathyroid, echaphazelekayo ekulawuleni i-calcium metabolism.
• Iipancreas
Umsebenzi oyintloko we-pancreas kukuveliswa kwe-enzyme yokugaya. Ukongezelela, iqokelela i-hormones insulin kunye ne-glucagon.
• Izigulane ze-Adrenal
Uluhlu lwangaphandle lwe-adrenals lubizwa ngokuba yi-cortex. Ivelisa ama-hormone e-corticosteroid, kuquka i-aldosterone (echaphazelekayo ekulawuleni umthamo wesetyuli wamanzi) kunye ne-hydrocortisone (echaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yokukhula kunye nokulungisa izicubu). Ukongezelela, i-cortex ivelisa i-hormone yesini kunye neyesetyhini (kunye ne-androgens kunye ne-estrogens). Inxalenye yangaphakathi ye-adrenal gland, okanye i-brain substance, ixanduva lokuvelisa i-adrenaline kunye ne-norepinephrine. Isenzo esihlanganyeneyo sale hormone ezimbini sincedisa ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo, ukwanda kwinqanaba legazi legazi kunye nokuhamba kwegazi kwiimisipha. Ukugqithisa okanye ukungabikho kwamahomoni kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezinzulu, ukukhubazeka okuphuhlisayo okanye ukufa. Ulawulo olupheleleyo malunga nokuveliswa kwamahomoni (inani labo kunye nesigqi sokugqithisa) ngesimo sengqondo.
I-pituitary gland
I-pituitary gland yintsimbi ye-pea-size eyisiseko seengqondo kunye nokuvelisa ama-hormone angama-20. Ezi ihommoni zisebenza ukulawula umsebenzi wencwadi yezona zinto ezininzi ze-endocrine. I-pituitary gland ine-lobes ezimbini. Ingxenye yangaphambili (adenohypophysis) ivelisa amahomoni alawulwa ngumsebenzi wezinye iintlanzi ze-endocrine.
Ama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu kwi-pituitary gland yile:
• I-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TTG) - ivuselela imveliso ye thyroxine nge-thyroid gland;
• I-hormone ye-adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - ikhulisa ukuveliswa kwamahomoni ngeengqungquthela ze-adrenal;
• i-hormone evuselela i-hormone (FSH) kunye ne-hormone ye-luteini (LH) - ivuselela umsebenzi wama-ovari kunye nee-testes;
• I-hormone yokukhula (HHG).
I-post lobe ye-pituitary gland
Ingxenye engezantsi ye-pituitary (i-neurohypophysis) inoxanduva lokuqokelela nokukhutshwa kwama-hormone akhiqizwa kwi-hypothalamus:
• i-vasopressin, okanye i-hormone ye-anti-hormone (ADH), - ilawula umthamo we-urine evelisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela ithatha inxaxheba ekugcineni ukulinganiswa kweetyuwa yamanzi;
• i-oxytocin - ithintela imisipha evulekileyo yesisu kunye nomsebenzi weengcambu zentombazana, ezithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kunye nokulahlwa.
Indlela, ebizwa ngokuba yinkcazo yempendulo, ivumela i-pituitary ukuba ibone ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuhlukanisa ama-hormone avuselela iiflegi ezihambelanayo. Umzekelo wokuzilawula ngokubakho ngenxa yempendulo yempembelelo yamahomoni e-pituitary kwi-secretion ye-thyroxin. Ukwandiswa kwemveliso ye-thyroxine nge-thyroid gland kubangela ukuxhatshazwa kwemveliso ye-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH). Umsebenzi we-TSH kukunyusa imveliso ye-thyroxine nge-thyroid gland. Ukuncipha kwinqanaba le-TSH kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwimveliso ye-thyroxine. Ngokukhawuleza xa ukufihla kwayo kuwela kwi-pituitary gland iyaphendula ngokunyusa umkhiqizo we-TSH, obangela ukuba ulondolozo oluqhubekayo lwe-thyroxine emzimbeni. Inkqubo yempendulo isebenza phantsi kokulawulwa kwe-hypothalamus, efumana ulwazi kwiinkqubo ze-endocrine kunye neentsholongwane. Ngokusekelwe kule ngcaciso, i-hypothalamus ifihla iipeptide ezilawulayo, ezithe zangena kwi-pituitary gland.