Ngoku kutshanje, ukuze unqobe ukungabikho kwengqondo, khenketha ukuba unomama onqabileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Umama okhungulukileyo ungokokuba umbungu wabazali (kwiprogram ebizwa ngokuba ngumthengi) uvunwa ngumama onguzala, yena ngokwakhe nomntwana ozalwayo akanalo ubudlelwane bokuzalwa. Olu hlobo lobunina bokubeletha lwaqala ukusetyenziswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, xa "umntwana ovela kwi-tube test" ezalwa. Kwaye lolu hlobo lomama olusandul 'ukuzalwa lwaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukunyusa". E-Rashiya, umama ovunywa ngumntwana uvumelekile, kodwa kumazwe amaninzi akuvumelekanga ukuba asebenzise umama.
Iiprogram zokuba ngumama ngezinye iimeko (umzekelo, ukuba ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, umfazi akakwazi ukuba nabantwana) yithuba elilodwa lokuba bafazi babe nomntwana wabo. Ukungenanto kungenziwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwesibeleko, esasuswe ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi ngexesha lobasebenzi, i-fibroids. Ngamanye amaxesha abasetyhini abaneziphene ezinobungozi okanye abanezifo ezinzulu abaphazamisa isiphumo esiqhelekileyo sokukhulelwa kwezibonelelo zokuncedisa unina. Umama ongenamdla ungasetyenziswe ngala mabhinqa asele aphindwe amaxesha amaninzi afudumele ama-embry efanelekileyo kwisibeleko, kodwa zonke iinzame zahluleka.
Inkqubo enjalo kwamanye amazwe ivinjelwe ngezizathu zonqulo, kodwa kwiRussia Federation, i-Family Code ihlinzekela umyalelo wezomthetho wokuba ngumama. Ngaphantsi komthetho oselekhoyo, umama ongenamalungelo unelungelo lokugqiba isigqibo somntwana. Ukubeka nje, umama onomdla unokugcina umntwana wakhe kwaye akukho nto ongayenza ngayo. Abazali be-Genetic bangathatha umntwana ngokwabo kuphela emva kokuba umama onqabileyo enqabe. Iinkalo zezokwelapha kulo mbandela kude kube ngoku zingaqondanga de kube sekupheleni komyalelo.
Ngaloo ndlela, kule meko, abantu abaninzi babandakanyeka-umama ongobubele kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, abazali bomzimba. Umama onganamalungelo angenayo intsapho yakhe, ngaphambi kokuba abe noxanduva oluthile, ngoko isigqibo ngamanye amatyala sitshintsha, nangona kunjalo ukuba zombini amaxwebhu asayine onke amaxwebhu ngokubhala. Uphuhliso olunjalo luvunyelwe ngumthetho. Ukukhulelwa kungaphazanyiswa ngenxa yokuba abazali bomfuzo ngesizathu esithile abafuni ukuba nomntwana oqhelekileyo. Ngomama wokuzalwa kunomxholo obalulekileyo - ukufumana umfazi ophilileyo. Ngelishwa, malunga nesiqingatha sabamama abanamava baneengxaki ezincinane zempilo, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba bangabandakanyi ukuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezingapheliyo ngokupheleleyo (ngenxa yokuba ngabazali bomzimba abanokuphika umntwana ozayo). Ewe, kunye nelokuba ukuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngenxa yokungena kwi-immunity akuyi kuba nezifo ezitsha zokungabandakanyi, kwakhona, akunako.
Ngokwezibalo, ukukhulelwa ngale ndlela yokuchumisa kwenzeka ngo-30% wamatyala, enye ipesenti njengendlela ye-IVF. Kodwa ukusinda kwama-embrosi kwimeko yokuqala (umama wokuzalwa) kuphezulu kakhulu, kukho ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo, okubangelwa yingozi enkulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umama onobubele unokufumana ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic (kufumaneka ku-2% oomama okhulayo).
Impilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo yengane esandula kusandula ixhomekeke kwindlela intombi ephethe ngayo ngokucophelela. Kwezinye iimeko, ibhinqa elithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuzala abantwana inomvakalelo womama ngomntwana ozayo, okwenza ukuba kunzima ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kumntwana ukuba anikeze umntwana kubazali bokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zokuthatha inxaxheba kwabafazi rhoqo kule nkqubo ziyaziwa. Oomama abathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo bazalisekisa ngokunyanisekileyo imbopheleleko yabo - banomdla kule mali.
Oomama abanomdla basetyenziswe ngabantu abatshabalalise ukungabi nabantwana, kwaye le nkqubo inako ukucombulula iingxaki ezinkulu zentlalo kubo kwaye zinike ithuba lokuba nabantwana babo. Kwiintsapho zabantwana "abathengi", njengomthetho, kulindeleke kakhulu kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bayathandwa.