Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, abazali abancinci banenkxalabo malunga nemibandela enxulumene nempilo yengane yabo. Umntu wokuqala ungabonakala emva kokuhlola okubonakalayo. Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela, ubungakanani bentloko yomntwana akunakwenzeka ukuba bahlale xa kungafanelekanga.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa, intloko yinto eqhelekileyo yentloko malunga ne-33-35 cm. Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-circumference yentloko ikhula ngo-10-12 cm. Ukukhula kwentloko ngokukhawuleza kubantwana abaqhelekileyo abaneempilo kubonakala kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, ungakhathazeki ukuba kukho ukuphulwa. Oku akubonisi ukugula. Inendima enkulu kule nto idlalwe ngumthwalo wezinto zabazali.
Ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine kumzimba kamama, njenge-hyperthyroidism okanye isifo sikashukela, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho utshintsho kubukhulu bentloko yomntwana ekunyuseni. Le ntsholongwane inokubangela ubunzima bokubeleka, ekubeni intloko yesana kule ngxaki ayinakuyidlula i-pelvis yamama. Kule meko, icandelo le-caesarean linikezelwa.
Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi, intloko yomntwana ikhula ngokukhawuleza-kungabikho elinye ixesha lobomi umzimba womntwana ukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala ubungakanani bentloko yomntwana bukhula ngokulinganisa kwisentimitha esinye nesiqingatha nganye ngenyanga, kwisiqingatha sesiqingatha sonyaka - ngesigamu sesentimitha ngenyanga. Kubantwana abahlukeneyo, izinga lokukhula liyakwazi ukuhluka kwiinyanga ezahlukeneyo. Ingaba yintshintsho yombini kunye nesifo sengqondo.
Ukuba uhlobo lwenguqu lusempilweni, umthamo wentloko yomntwana uhlala kwindawo eqhelekileyo echazwe kwiibhile zeentente, ezixabiso eliphakathi kwemilinganiselo yokuphuhliswa ngokwenyama yabantwana abaneminyaka ehlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, kubonakalisa inkcazelo yesikhokelo senhloko kumntwana.
Ekuhloleni okubonakalayo kwiproyclinic isifo somntwana asibukeli nje ukuba intloko ikhule kangakanani, kodwa nendlela ekukhuliseni ngayo kuhambelana neetafile zentente. Kukho iimeko xa umntwana ezalwa ngokukhulula kwentloko, kodwa ukukhula kwentloko yakhe kuphuza, ngoko ngokwetafile, ukuphuhliswa kwakhe kuthathwa njengesiqhelo.
Ukunyuka kwinqanaba lokukhula kwentloko yesantloko somntwana kunokuthi kuhlolwe rhoqo nge-hydrocephalus. Le ntsholongwane ininzi ikhula kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha, kubantwana abane-hypoxia ye-intrauterine, abantwana abazalwa nge-asphyxia. Ubonakaliswe ngento yokuba ingqondo ichaphazelekayo, okubangelwa ukuqokelela umbane ngaphakathi kweckull, ukwandisa ubungakanani bhokisi engenayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ubukhulu bentloko yesana. Ngexesha elifanayo, iifenanels zentsana azikwazi ukukhula, ziyakhula kwaye zitsho, ngokukodwa xa umntwana ekhala. Ekubeni i-edema ibonakala ingakumbi kwingqondo, inxalenye ebusweni yeckull iyinto encinci kakhulu kunengqondo.
Olunye uphawu kunye ne-hydrocephalus kukuba intloko yomntwana ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunomthamo webele, nangona kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo, ngokuchaseneyo - izinga lokukhula kwesifuba liphezulu kakhulu kunezinga lokukhula kwentloko. Nge-hydrocephalus, intloko inokuba yinkulu okanye ilingana nomthamo we-thorax. Ukwenza umfanekiso wesifo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwengqondo kuyenziwe ngokucacileyo, ngeendlela apho iindawo ezithengeleyo kunye nezandisiweyo zengqondo ziqokelelwe ngayo. Abantwana abane-hydrocephalus kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo nge-neurologist.
Inkqubo yokonyango kuquka ukuthabatha amachiza ekuphuculeni ingqondo yesondlo, njenge-nootropil kunye ne-piracetam, kunye nezidakamizwa zesifo se-diuretic ezifana ne-furasemide. Kucetyiswa ukuba kudlule ikhosi yokuzihlaziya ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngonyango oluqhutywe kakuhle, uphuhliso lomntwana alufani neontanga zakhe. Ukuba unyango aluzange lwenzeke ngenxa yesizathu esithile, kwiimeko ezininzi abantwana abane-hydrocephalus bahlala emva kokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, baqala ukuhlala emva kwexesha, bathetha kwaye bahambe ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, intloko enkulu emntwaneni ayikho into ephazamisayo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kweempawu zomgaqo-siseko, oko kukuthi, ubukhulu bentloko buphinda ubukhulu bomntu wesivela esingaphambili. Ingqwalasela engakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe ngendlela ukuphuhliswa komntwana ngokubanzi-ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo (kokubini ngoluvo lwabazali nangoluvo lwengcali yabantwana), ngoko akufanelekile ukukhathazeka.