Iintsana zincinci zithintekayo kwintsholongwane ye-influenza, oku kubangelwa kukungena kwe-immunity, eyayifumana kumama. Ukuba unina azinaso izikhusela ezikhuselekileyo, ingozi yokufumana umkhuhlane kwiintsana iyanda. Izindlela ezingabonakaliyo zokuthintela umkhuhlane azivelisi. Ukugonywa kwabantwana kwintsholongwane yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela esi sifo. Okwangoku, iintsholongwane ezingasebenziyo zisetyenziselwe le njongo.
Iigonti ezichasene nomkhuhlane
U-Vaksgripp - ulwahlulo oluchanekileyo (oluhlanjululwanga olungenakwenziwa ) oluveliswa yiFransi uPerteur Merri Connaught. Inye ye-inoculation dose iqulethe i-micrograms ye-hemagglutinin H3N2-influenza A virus, 15 μg (engaphantsi kwe-H1N1-influenza virus ye-hemagglutinin, 15 μg (ingaphantsi) i-hemagglutinin ye-virus ye-virus ye-influenza B. Ukongeza, i-dose yokugonya iqulethwe encinci inani le-formaldehyde, i-merthiolate, umkhondo we-neomycin kunye nesisombululo se-buffer.
I-Grippol iyiglovu yokugoma i-polymer-subunit kathathu (eyenziwa yi-Institute of Immunology, eRussia, eMoscow, eRashiya), equle i-antigens ephezulu yomkhuhlane A (H3N2 ne-H1N1) kunye ne-influenza B, kwaye iqulethe i-antigen ene-polyoxidonium immunostimulant. Konke oku ngobuninzi obubonakalayo obukhoyo be-antigens buyandisa kakhulu imithi yokugonywa kwe-immunogenicity.
I-Fluarix iyisitofu sokuhlanjululwa kwesifo somkhuhlane esingahlambulukanga , esenziwe eBelgium (Smith Klein Beecham). Iqulethe i-micrograms eziyi-15 ze-haemagglutinin, i-sucrose, i-phosphate buffer, impawu ze-formaldehyde kunye ne-merthiolate (zonke iintlobo zinconywa yi-WHO).
I-INFLUVAC , i-subunit engacwangciswanga igciwane lokukhukhumeza i-influval evezwe eNetherlands (Solvay Pharma), iqulethe i-antigens yomhlaba ehlambulukileyo ye-neuraminidase kunye ne-hemagglutinin, efumaneka kwiintlobo ezibalulekileyo zegciwane lesifo sengculaza, ezinikezelwa yi-WHO, ingqalelo ukungazinzi kwegciwane.
Izimpawu zokusetyenziswa
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ugonyo oluchasene nomkhuhlane kufuneka lufunyenwe ngabo bonke abantwana abasusela kwiminyaka emithandathu ubudala, kodwa ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abasengozini. Aba ngabantwana:
- kunye nezifo zamapulmoni kwifomu engapheliyo, kuquka nezigulane ezinesifo esiqinileyo nesisisigxina se-bronchitis;
- nezifo zentliziyo, ingakumbi ngeengxaki ezibalulekileyo ze-hemodynamic;
- fumana i-immunosuppressive therapy;
- kunye ne-anemia yegale-cell okanye enye i-hemoglobinopathies;
- kunye ne-immunopathology, kuquka ne-HIV;
- ezinezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo zengwenya;
- izigulane ezineesifo seswekile;
- ukuthatha i-aspirin ixesha elide, kuba emva kokuba umkhuhlane unethuba lokuphuhlisa i-Ray's syndrome.
Ukugonywa okufunekayo kwabantwana kuqhutyelwa kumaziko angamaziko okufundela, kwimakhaya yabantwana nakwiikolo zokuhamba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kugonywa kwenziwa kuphela kwintando kunye nemvume yabazali (ngaphandle kwekhaya lomntwana).
Ishedyuli yokugonywa
Ukugonywa malunga nomkhuhlane kuyenziwa ngaphandle kwexesha lonyaka, kodwa kungcono ukuchitha ngoSeptemba-Novemba (ngeli xesha ixesha le-influenza liqala). Kubantu abadala, i-vaccine engacwangciswanga ilawulwa kanye, kubantwana ilawulwa kabini (phakathi kwamagciwane, ixesha lesithuba ezingama-30).
Ukuqapha kunye nokuchazwa
Izigulane ezikhuselweyo zentsholongwane ezikhuselweyo ezingapheliyo zichasene nabantu abane-hypersensitivity yenkukhu kunye ne-egg squirrel. Usulelo olusisigxina lunokuba yinkcazo yesikhashana. Abantu abane-immunodeficiency banokugonywa ngesitofu esingagciniyo ngokwemiqathango jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, iigciwane ezihlulahlukileyo (i-Fluarix, i-Vaxigrip), ii-subunit vaccines (Agrippal, Influvac) zilawulwa kuphela kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ukukhusela umntwana ongekho iinyanga ezi-6 ubudala, bonke abamngqongileyo bayagonywa.
Ukugonywa kwe-Influenza kubantwana abanezifo ezikhuselekileyo zenziwa kuphela ngokugonywa kwe-subunit split. Ezi zilungiselelo ezilandelayo zifanelekile: iigciwane ezihlambulukileyo ezihlambulukileyo ze-spluvac, iGrippol, Vaxigrip, i-Fluarix.