Ziziphi iinguqu zenkqubela ezenza ukuba kube neengxube ezinobungozi? Umngcipheko we-neoplasms eziyingozi unyuke ngokukhula. Oku kuboniswa ngokucacileyo ngamanani: kwiminyaka engama-20 ithuba lokujongana nesifo lilingana nelinye lama-25000, ukuya kuma-80 iminyaka-enye ukuya kwe-10. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezivusa umdlavuza webele. Ukutya okungalunganga, ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, ukukhulelwa kokukhawuleza kungabanye babo. Xa uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, izicubu ezinobungozi kunye nezixhumo zixhomekeke kwisakhiwo sebele. Ngamnye unomsebenzi wayo. Eyokuqala ukususela kumzuzwana wokutshatyalaliswa kwimeko yokulwa nokulwa nokukhulelwa kwaye emva kokubeletha kuya kuba yinkampani yobisi. Ukudibanisa "ummelwane" udibanisa phakathi kwe-lobes apho i-mammary gland iqukethe, kunye namadaka apho ubisi lukanina kufuneka luhambe khona. Iifatyisi ze-Fat kwisakhiwo sogxobhozo ngeli xesha kuncinci.
Xa kufika ukuphuma kwindoda , inani lezinto ezinobungqingili kunye nezixhumo ezixhumeneyo zehla, i-interlobar septa yincinci, iidonti zithintela. Kodwa: izikhundla ezingenamntu zizaliswe ngokukhawuleza zizaliswe ngamathambo enqatha. Kwaye yindawo engcono kakhulu yokuphuhlisa izicubu. Inyaniso yokuba ngokuqala kwekwindla yabesifazane umzimba uyeka ukuveliswa kwe-estradiol, i-hormone enhle evela kwi-genre of estrogens. Esikhundleni se-estradiol, "abazalwana" bakhe - estronol kunye ne-estriol, kunye ne-hormone yesini yezilwanyana - faka kwibala. Nangona kunjalo, zinokukhuthaza ukukhula kweeseli ezinobungozi. Enyanisweni, i-estradiol nayo inekhono, kodwa kuncinci.
Kutheni abo bawela "kwintlambo" yomhlaza wesifuba ovuthayo, unyaka wonke ngaphezulu nangaphezulu? Ziziphi izimbangela ze "oncity"?
Ukwanda kwenyuka kwenyaka-mali ku-3%. Eli nani lenzelwe ukwandisa. Isizathu sokuqala ngumthwalo we-estrogen owandisiweyo kumzimba wabafazi. Abasetyhini banamhlanje banama-300-400 ukuya kwimizuzu engaphezu kwemihla.
Iinyanga nganye - uhlobo lwebhomu lomzimba kunye ne-estrogens (zombini i-estradiol, kunye nabazalwana abajongene nobabini). Ukongezelela, ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, umlinganiselo wokuphila komfazi wawuneminyaka engama-30: izifo, izifo ezingazange ziphilise ngelo xesha, kwaye izinga lokuzalwa eliphezulu lancitshiswe ngamanani ezesini ezifanelekileyo.
Namhlanje, ngokwemibiko yamuva yeNobhala-Jikelele we-UN, i-average age age is 68 iminyaka, ngokulandelanayo, ubomi bebhinqa benyanga buphela. Umthwalo we-hormonal ukwandisa ubhiya: amabhinqa aninzi athetha olu liselo olunxilisayo, kwaye luqulethe i-phyto-trogen. IiHormones zeziqhamo zityalo zisebenza emzimbeni onjenge "eyakhe". Isizathu sesibini sisitshintsho endleleni yokuphila. Kuyaziwa: phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala kwiindawo ezihlala emadolobheni ezilwanyana ezincinci zifunyanwe kabini ngaphezu kweendawo ezihlala kwiidolophana. Abahlali bezixeko bahlala behlala ebusuku, bahlale bephapheme, okwehlisa umveliso we-melatonin. Enye yemisebenzi yale hormone yinto eqhelekileyo ye-biorhythms kunye nokukhuselwa kwindlela yokubonakala kwezidumbu. Ewe, kunye nolwabhinqa "luncedise": ubulili obuhle babusa ilizwe, lukhokelela imibutho emikhulu, iphosa ibha. Okwangoku, umzimba wesetyhini kunye nemvelaphi yawo ye-hormonal ayifanelekanga ukuba iphile ngendlela enjalo. Ukubonelela ngezo zesini kunye neengxaki zesondo. Emva koqhawulo-mtshato, amaninzi amaninzi, engazange acwangcise ubomi bomntu okwesihlandlo sesibini, aguqulwe ekusebenzeni, ekudaleni, nasekukhuliseni abantwana. I-Sublimation (ukuphunyezwa kwamandla ngokwesini kwezinye izinto ezingezizo zesini) ngumpawu wexesha lethu. Kodwa umzimba ubala ngesondo njengenkxaso eyimfuneko yezidingo zakhe zomzimba ezimbini okanye kathathu ngeveki. Azikho iimfazwe ebhedini - akukho zilwanyana ezinqabileyo, akukho ziqhumane - inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-pituitary gland, evelisa i-hormone ebalulekileyo kwimpilo ye-bust, ayibandakanyekanga. Ukwanda kwenani lamatyala enomhlaza wesifuba ebusweni kwabasetyhini ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Ukongeza kwangoko sele ivakalisiwe, ndiyakwazi igama elinye kwakhona: ukutya okungalunganga. Ewe, kuyimfashini ukubukela ukutya kwakho ngoku, kodwa ngoku amaninzi amaninzi amabhinqa asebenzisa inani elingenangqiqo lokutya kunye nenyama, okwandisa amathuba okugula.
Izifo ezininzi zincinci ngoku . Yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo ngoku malunga nomhlaza webele?
Iwindow yokuqala yobudala yomhlaza yiminyaka engama-45-55 (ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuya kwesikhashana kunye nesithuba se-postopause). Umngcipheko wesibini wokufunda ngesifo yibo abaneminyaka engama-65-70 ubudala. Kwaye kuphela - abasetyhini abasetyhini. Ngethamsanqa, enjalo. Kodwa kuyaziwa ngokuchanekileyo: omncinci kwiminyaka yobudala, isifo esinobudlova. Emva koko, kwimizimba encinane, zonke iinkqubo zenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngeshwa, ngelanga,. Umhlaza wesisu usakhulile, kodwa kwininzi - kwintsapho. Uninzi lweziganeko zokufumanisa izifo ezineminyaka engama-30 ubudala zichongiwe.
Iyiphi indima inzala edlala ngayo ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo kwaye ingaba ingqinelana nayo?
I-Genetics inoxanduva lo-5% lweengxaki zokuhlola "umdlavuza webele". Unokuphikisana nayo. Kuyafaneleka ukufundela ukuhamba kwakho kwisizwe sesithathu, kuphela - kumgca womama, kwaye ukuba umntu ohlala kwintsapho ejongene nesifo, fumana ukuba iminyaka yenzeke, ukugqithisa i-gene diagnosis. Kukho iimbini ezimbini zegciwane - i-BRCA-1 kunye ne-BRCA-2, ethwele ulwazi lwesizwe "lomhlaza". Kwizithuthi zogesi wokuqala, ukubonakala kwimizimba engafanelekanga i-8096. Abanikazi beentlobo ezimbini "zelifa" babeka umngcipheko wokuhlangabezana nomhlaza wesi-ovari. Ukuba uyazi ngale nto kwaye wenze ukunakekelwa kokukhusela, zizinyame kwaye uthathe isheke rhoqo, isifo sinokuqatshelwa kwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye ngaloo ndlela uqinisekise ukubuyiswa. Kodwa, njengokuba kukho ukubonisa, abantu basekhaya bavame ukukhetha indlela yesibini - musa ukwenza nantoni na okanye mhlawumbi ukhetha ukungazi malunga nomthwalo wempahla. Okwesithathu, indlela "eqhelekileyo" ukususa ibhokhwe ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza ufumaneke. Akukho mhlaza wesifuba - akukho sifo. Ukuthintela okunjalo kwenziwa ngabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, ngokukhawuleza ukufaka izifake ze-silicone. Ukuba eso sifo senzeke emncinci, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa imfuyo. Iimbini ezimbini, i-BRCA-1 ne-BRCA-2, nendima apha. KwiNtshona Yurophu, malunga ne-10% yazo zonke iziganeko zomhlaza zifa. Isiqingatha sazo, imbangela yenguqu kulezi zifo zomzimba ezimbini.
Ukuba isifuba esisodwa sichaphazelekayo , sinokuthi sinjani isihlunu sesibini? Yintoni kuxhomekeke kuyo?
Umngcipheko we-tumor kwisibeleko sesibini ngowama-20%. Kodwa ubunokwenzeka bokubonakala kwangexesha elifanayo kwe-neoplasm kwiimbini ezimbini kuncinci kakhulu - kuphela 4-5%.
Iimeko zokuphuhlisa i-tumor zombini zentlanzi zincinci zifana, ngoko ingozi "yommelwane" i-15-20%. Konke kuxhomekeke xa i-tumor ifunyenwe (kamva, mhlawumbi i-metastasis) nokuba ngaba unyango lulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokuthintela umdlavuza webele we-inflammatory?
Eyona nto inqandekileyo yokukhusela umdlavuza ngokubanzi kunye nomhlaza wesifuba ngokukhethekileyo - kukutya okunempilo kunye nemidlalo, ngokubhekiselele kwiingcebiso ze-WHO, usuku lokutya iintlanu ezincinane zezithelo kunye nemifuno, usebenzise rhoqo. Idatha ye-sayensi yakutshanje - ukwamkelwa kwe-vitamin D kunomphumo wokukhusela umdlavuza webele. Ukuba kukho ukubonakaliswa kwesimo esingafanelekiyo sokuveliswa kwemvelo, uviwo lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo okanye indlela ephakamileyo yokucetyiswa incomo - ukususwa kwamabele amabini.
1. Ukucinga kakuhle nokuzithanda.
2. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lolo suku, ukudibanisa olufanelekileyo lomsebenzi kunye nokuzonwabisa.
3. Ukuphila rhoqo ngokwesondo, ukuphepha ukukhupha isisu (ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuzalwa kokuqala). Ukuhanjiswa kwakhona.
4. Isisindo sokulawula, kuba ukukhuluphala kubaluleke kakhulu.
5. Ukulawula iswekile yegazi, ngakumbi ukuba unesifo sikashukela. Ngokwezifundo ezahlukeneyo, isifuba sithinta ama-hormone angama-30 ukuya kuma-50, kuquka i-insulin. Iyakushukumisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
6. Ukusetyenziswa kwamavithamini, ngakumbi-A, E kunye no-D. I-micronutrients ye-health care, i-calcium inceda.
7. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-28 ukuya phambili, i-ultrasound ye-gland gland isenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye ivela kwi-40-mammography.
Ngaba umdlavuza unomhlaza ungabangela ukuba ngaphantsi kweengubo zangaphantsi kunye neebhasti ezitshintshayo?
Ndicinga. Kodwa umkhonto awufuni ukuthintwa, okuvimbela ukufikelela kwegazi kumzimba. Ukunikezelwa kwegazi kakubi kunokuba ngenye yeemeko ekuphuhliseni ukungafihli (igama eliqhelekileyo kwiinguqu ezingenayo i-tumorous). Ndiqinisekile ukuba: ukukhathazeka akungena emdlalweni. Kukho iziganeko zokuphuhliswa komhlaza ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yokukhathazeka, kodwa kungekhona ngenxa yalo. Lo mbuzo ndivame ukuva ngexesha lokumkela. Impendulo isoloko inye - ayi.
Ngaba kuyinyaniso ukuba abafazi abangabhalanga banako ukuba banomdlavuza wesibele? Iyiphi indima yokuncelisa ukukhusela? Ukubambisana kuyinto enamandla yokukhusela, kodwa akufanele uhlangane nokuncelisa. Ixesha elincinci lokuncelisa ibhinqa kunye nomntwana iinyanga ezili-15, ngaphandle koko ithuba lokunyusa izinga le-hormone prolactin landa. Inqanda ukuveliswa kweprogesterone, ekhusela abafazi kwiimpembelelo ezigqithiseleyo ze-estrogens. Ukuncwina kuyisithuba esihle ekukhuseleni ukugula. Siyazi: ixesha elide umfazi esondla umntwana, umzimba wakhe uthembeke kakhulu kwisifo.
Ukuzivocavoca kukuhle okanye umgangatho weengqondo?
Umhlaba ngenxa yengqondo. Awuyihloli umatshini ngokwawo, kodwa uthembele kwiingcali kwi-SRT. Kungcono "ukubonisa" ugqirha. Senza uvavanyo: i-1, 2, 3 ne-5 cm ibhola zafakwa kwisilumkiso sebele. Abathathi-nxaxheba bolu vavanyo, baziva "isifuba" ngokweengcebiso zeencwadana zokuzihlola, bafumana "izicubu" ezinomlinganiselo we-3 no-5 cm. I-tumor enobubanzi obuyi-3-5 cm - le nqanaba lesine lomhlaza, elona likhulu kakhulu. Izigqibo zizichaza.
Ukuphumelela kokuzihlolisisa akuzange kuboniswe, kodwa, njengokuba kukho ukubonisa, iziqwenga zasoloko zifunyanwa ngabasetyhini ngokwabo. Ngako oko, ndiya kuncomela ukuba abafazi bajonge ngezihlandlo zabo. Thina, eJamani, sinakho izifundo zokuzihlola.
Yintoni eye yatshintshwa kunyango lwe-5-10?
I-Ukraine iye yaphucula ubuchule bokuxilonga: kwakukho izifundo zofuzo kunye nabadlali-bathengi, ii-ultrasound machines kunye neemammographs. Ngokubhekiselele kumagqabantshintshi kwilizwe lethu kukho impazamo eqhubekayo eyasetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili. Uphando olusondeleyo lukufumanisa i-antibodies kumaseli omhlaza. Ukuba akukho mdlavuza, isifo se-antibodies, ngokulandelanayo. Le ndlela iphumelela kuphela ukuxilongwa kokuphindaphinda okanye i-metastases. Ngaphezu koko, ngamanye amaxesha kukho iziphumo ezingamanga zolu cwaningo.
Kwi-chemotherapy yezidumbu ezinobungozi, iziyobisi ezonakalisa iintsholongwane zintshaba zivele. Ulwaphulo olunjalo lubizwa ngokuba lujoliswe, oko kukuthi, "iphuzu". Ukuphumelela kwangoku kweemveliso zonyango kunye nezobuchwepheshe bezobugcisa zivame ukugxila kumaziko ezonyango. Umgaqo wokusebenza awuzange utshintshe: e-Ukraine, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-tumor, amabele asuswe. Ndingathanda ukubona i-psycho-oncology ithuthuke kwilizwe lethu - isayensi ephonononga impembelelo yengqondo yengqondo yomfazi ekubonakala kwesifo kwaye isinceda ukunqoba uxinzelelo emva kokushiya kwiklinikhi.
Emva koko, umfazi uhlala ehlala engxaki yakhe, kwaye oku kuphelisa ixesha lokuphila emva komsebenzi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango lujoliswe ngakumbi, ngamnye. Oogqirha beSibhedlele saseYunivesithi iFreburg bacingisisa ngeengxaki ezincinane zomzimba wesigulane ngasinye. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo siza kuqhuba uphando lwe-tumor, kwaye sinokugqiba ukuba ngaba isiguli sidinga i-chemotherapy. Namhlanje, iziyobisi zamachiza zisetyenziswa xa iiseli zomhlaza zingena kwi-lymph nodes okanye kwimeko yowesifazane oselula.
Umhlaza wesifuba uphathwe kakuhle kwaye kwi-80% yamatyala inokwenzeka ukuthetha ngokuphilisa (ukuba isigulo safunyanwa ngexesha). Kwiimeko ezininzi, sigcina iifama zamantombazana, ukususwa kwalo ngoku akunakucala. Ukungafani kwezinye iimvumi ngexesha elifanayo kwiindawo "ezahlukeneyo" zomzimba. Nangona i-tumor esisodwa sibukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, ngoncedo lwe-chemotherapy lokuqala, sinokunciphisa ubukhulu bayo size senze umsebenzi, sigcine isifuba.