USarah Bernhard: "Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwenzekani!"

USarah Bernhardt uyintsimi ephezulu kwinqanaba elidlulileyo, enexesha elibi nelingalunganga. Emva koko, ngelo xesha abenzayo babecingelwa ukuba bangabongi. Zigweba ukuba emva kokuba imbongi ibe nemibongo yakhe, emva kokufa komculi - imisebenzi yakhe, emva komakhi - indlu yakhe kunye nokwakhiwa, emva kwemifanekiso-mifanekiso kunye nemidwebo, emva koko emva komdlali odlala kwimveliso, kukho kuphela iindumela. Yiyo le nto uSara Bernhardt ayenze ukunyamezela ngayo, kuba nangona wafa esemdala, akazange aphile ukuze abone ixesha le-TV. I-Bohemia yayihlala phantsi kwesiqubulo esithi: "Ukwenza oko, ngeendlela zonke." Kwaye le binzana yayigcwele ubomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi.


Iyokuqala ye-superstars

Kodwa umdlali weqhawe wenza ezinye iitalente. Ngokomzekelo, waba ngumlobi wencwadi ethi "Ubomi Bomnye obuncinane", obunomdla wendalo. Yayinalo ncwadi uSara wakwazi ukuyitshisa ngomlilo wokufuna ukwazi abantu. Watsho ngobuchule ngezinto ezininzi, kodwa uninzi lwengcaciso lwaluhlanganiswe nobumnyama, kuquka neenkcukacha ezivela kubomi bomntu.

Umdlali we-actress wayengunina womYudakazi onemizi yaseDatshi-uJudith Hart. Lo mfazi wayemhle kakhulu, ngoko wayehlala enamava amaninzi. Kodwa ubuhle abukwenzeki nje ngokubonakala kwakhe, kodwa nangomsebenzi - wayengumculi. Uyise we-actress wayengumjineli oqhelekileyo, igama lakhe linguEdward Bernard. Kodwa kukho amahemuhemu ukuba unokuba nguyise kunye nabanye phantsi kwegama elithi Morel (igosa leenqwelo zeenqanawa zaseFransi). Inyaniso enomdla - uSarah Bernhardt, xa ebeletha umntwana wakhe, wafihla uyise. Indodana yam yayibizwa ngokuba nguMaurice.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

USara wakhuliswa kwintsimi yeendwendwe, ezazingenayo nayiphi na impembelelo, kuba inkwenkwezi yangomso ayizange ifunde ukuthobela. Ukususela ebuntwaneni kuye kwaba yinto engabonakaliyo kwaye yayinenkani kakhulu xa i-actress ikhutshwe kwi-monastery, yafumana imeko enzima. Ubomi bakhe ngelo xesha bendifana nento eyoyikekayo, njengendoda ephonswe emanzini, ongenakukwazi ukubhukuda, engazi ukuba yenzeni.

Kodwa uSara osemncinci waxhaswa ngumnye wabagcini bakaJudith Hart (unina) - Count de Morny. USara wagqiba ekubeni athumele kwi-Conservatory, eyamnceda ukuba avele kubantu kwaye aphume ekukhanyeni. Kwaye ke "i-mop", ngaloo ndlela yamehlo, yaqonda iphupha layo lemihla - i-theater.

Xa i-"mop" ithathelwa kwindawo yokudlala, umlawuli weli ziko wabonisa ukungathandabuzeki ngomsebenzi wakhe, kuba uSara wayenomdla wesikhumba. Kodwa naphezu kwayo yonke into, uSara wayethathe, kwaye wayenentombazana eneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala wadlala indima yakhe yokuqala. Kwakuyi-debut, ngomhla we-1-Septemba 1862. Impumelelo yomdlali we-actress yintlekele yeRicine ("Iphigenia eAulis").

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abagxeki babhala ngoSardi bengazi, baxelele ukuba akayiyo yonke into ecacileyo. Kodwa oku akuzange kuphazamise umdlali, kwaye wanquma ukuhlala phantsi kwesiqubulo esithi: "Ngeendlela zonke." Ubunzima, ngamanye amaxesha umlingiswa wesintu, kunye nesibindi esinamandla sakwaSara samnceda. Umdlali we-actress washiya iNdlu kaMoliere waza waqala ukudlala kwezinye iindiyetha ezizithobayo: "I-Gymnasium", "iPort-Saint-Martin", "Odeon". Kutheni i-actress ephuma kwindawo elungileyo? Ewe, kuba ndifuna ukubuyela kwi-prima donna kwi-"Comedy Francaise" kwaye ubonise konke ukukhanya kwam.

Umsebenzi S. Bernard

UBernard ulawulwa kakuhle ukwenza imisebenzi ehambelana nomnxeba weklasi, uTata wazama ngokwakhe kwiindima: i-Phaedra, Andromache, Desdemona, iZaire, njl. Ukugqibezela izakhono zakhe kumaqhawe amancinci, wawela iidrama zamanje. Enye yeendima ezinempumelelo kakhulu nguMargarita Gotye ("Lady with Camellias" ngu-Alexandre Dumas-unyana).

USara wayenokwenene ukunqoba, apho wathabatha idayimane kunye nezinye izinto zokugcoba ezivela kumabonakalisi. Ukuze angabibiwe, wayehlala emthatha isibhamu. Umdlali weentsimbi unamathelethi ahlukeneyo: kwi-theatre, kwiibhola, kwizinto zokugqoka.

Iinkalo ezinomdla malunga nomdlali wezakhono kunye nobuchule bakhe

Enyanisweni, bambalwa abadlali abadumiweyo belo xesha, kwaye namhlanje, badlala indima yamadoda njengoSara. Le nto yayiyi-Werther kunye neZanetto, emva koko kwakukho ukungena kwinxaxheba kaLornzaccio, eyona mpu melelo yayiyinkqubo yendima yeHamati kunye nenene, i-Eaglet eyaziwayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba indima yamaHamati yayibaluleke kangangokuthi unokunqoba uStanislavsky ngokwakhe.

U-Eaglet oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala, owayengayeyona nonyana ebonwabileyo ka-Napoleon Bonaparte, u-Sarah wayedlala xa wayeneminyaka engama-55 ubudala.

Xa i-premiere yedrama u-Edmond Rostand yenzeka kwinqanaba, iintlanganiso zadibana namaqhekeza angama-30, okubangele i-furore. Indima yadlala ngowe-1900.

Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa kwakungakholelwa ukuba uStanolavsky wayecinga ukuba uMaaru akayena u heroine, kodwa kunoko uphephelo lobugcisa lwaloo xesha: ilizwi lihle, iqondo libukhali, iplastiki, ubugcisa bezobugcisa. Thetha ngoSara nabanye abantu badume. Umbono woluntu kukuba uBernard unako ukwenza okuninzi kwaye ngokuchanekileyo uchaze kwisiganeko sengqondo yomntu kunye neqhawe: imeko yolonwabo, ixesha lokuphelelwa lithemba kunye nentlungu, imiva yolonwabo olukhulu, kunye neengqiqo kunye neentloni, ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-caress ukuya kumsindo-kungunaphakade unokubamba iimvakalelo ezintle. Volonsky waza wachaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-whisper, kunye nezwi, kunye nezwi lomdlali weqhawe lidumile. Wambiza ngegama legolide. Batshengise imimics kunye nezinye iziganeko ezivela kuSara Bernhardt kuphela.

Ihlabathi likaSara

Ehlabathini, uSarah Bernard waphathwa ngokungafaniyo. Ngokomzekelo, amaMerika ayicinga ukuba uhambo lwakhe aluhambelananga kwaye walithelekisa umdlali weentlanzi kwinyoka, eya kutshabalalisa ubuhlungu bamanga. Kwaye baseRussia bathatha umdla kumphunga weNapoleon.

Ukuba sijonge kwi-media, kuyacaca ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, uSarah Bernhardt wayenomdla kwaye kuphela iingxelo kunye nezinye iindaba. Iingqungquthela zakhe, ukungaphumeleli kwakhe, ukubetha kwakhe kunye nokulwa, yonke into ichazwe. Xa umdlali we-actress ehlile, ngoko kunye naye waya kunye nabasemnyango bezithutha.

Isimo sengqondo sakwaSara kunye nemibutho yonqulo yayingenjalo. Yayiyinkwenkwezi yokuqala, enokulingana kwehlabathi, ngoko akukho mntu unokusebenzisa inzuzo yakhe.

USara ebomini

Ukuba abadlali bodwa kwinqanaba, ngokobomi bamele bahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko uSarah Bernhardt, wayehlala eqaqambileyo, inaliti igqoke, ipeyinti, ifakwe. Kodwa kwakukho njalo imaski kuyo kwaye abaninzi bathi kwakuyintonga. Yaye yonke into anayo i-curl ebomvu ngaphambili, i-curl ebomvu ngelizwi elihle, kwaye mhlawumbi uhlala ebonakalayo. Kodwa isitshixo salo mcimbi kukuba uSara wayefanele azenzele yena, wayedlala kuphela imifanekiso yabantu emidlalweni, wazenza ngokwakhe: ilizwi lakhe, uhlobo lwayo, uhlobo lwakhe kunye nalo lonke.

Inkwenkwezi yokuqala yale nqanaba yathonya ibhizinisi, yaqala ukuvelisa negama layo nesepha, kunye neqhumiso, kunye ne-powder, kunye neiglavu.

Ubomi bomntu

Umdlali wezobugcisa wayenamadoda amabini. Iyokuqala yayiyinkosana, owayengowokuzalwa kwintsapho yamaFrentshi mandulo. Kwaye okwesibini yayingumlingani kwintengiso - umdlali weGrisi, ophawulekayo ngobuhle bawo obungavamile. Yayingumyeni wesibini owazisa umdlali wesantya kunye novakalelo olutsha ebomini, kunye nokuphefumlelwa.

Kodwa uSara ungumfazi oqinileyo kwaye akafuni ukuba yinto yokudlala, ngoko ke waziphakamisa emlonyeni waza wenza konke ukuze kufezekiswe into ethile: ngokuzibandakanya wayesebenzisa umzobo, ukudweba, ukudibanisa imifanekiso kunye neengoma ezihlekisayo, umdlalo omhle kunye nezinto. Kwakhona noSara Bernard wenyuka waya esibhakabhakeni kwiGolon.

Ngokuqhelekileyo uSara wayefaniswa noJoan waseArc, kwaye waqwalasela nolu hlobo.

Ubomi bukaSara Bernhard buhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye buphumelele kakhulu. Ngoko, xa ngo-1914 kwafuneka atyunde umlenze, akazange akhathazeke, ngenxa yokuba ukungafuni ukutshatyalaliswa akunjalo. Ngokuchasene noko, umdlali wezemidlalo wayeqhubeka ephila ngokugcwele ubomi kunye neziganeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi de ngoMatshi 26, 1923 (ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe). Ngomngcwabo welo xesha "inkosikazi yendibano" yafika inxalenye enkulu eParis. Kwakukho apho umongameli omkhulu uSt Bernard owayenelungelo elingenakuthenjwa wayekhokelwa ngohambo lokugqibela.