Ernest Hemingway, biography

U-Ernest Hemingway ungumlobi odumile waseMerika. I-biografi yakhe inomdla kwaye iyingqayizivele, kwaye italente iya kuhlala imangele. U-Ernest Hemingway, owakhe u-biography waqala u-21 uhamba no-1899, washiya emva kwemisebenzi emininzi eyenziwa ngabantu abayizigidi. U-Ernest wazalelwa e-Oak Park, idolophu encinane kufuphi neChicago. U-Ernest, ongu-biography unentshisekelo kubaphengululi abaninzi beencwadi, wayehlala kwintsapho ekhuliswe kakhulu. Abazali bakhe ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala bazama ukuvelisa inkwenkwe kuzo zonke iinkalo. Ukususela esemncinci, uHemingway wazingela kunye noyise, watyelela iidolophu zaseNdiya. Utata wazama ukumfundisa ukuba athande imvelo kwaye abe nomdla kwimpilo emangalisayo yamaNdiya. Umdala u-Hemingway, owakhe u-biography owenziwe njengomntu obandakanyekayo kwi-ethnography, wayefuna kakhulu unyana wakhe endala ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe. Kwintsapho yeHemingway, izizukulwana eziliqela zale ndoda yayingogqirha, abathinographer kunye nabahambi bevangeli.

Unina ka-Ernest Hemingway, ongu-biography wayengafani noyise, wayenomdla kakhulu ekupenda kunye nokucula. Emva kokuba wenza iqela lakhe kwi-Philharmonic yaseNew York, kwaye nangona wayefundisa ngokucula ingqungquthela yecawa, akazange amshiye umnqweno womculo. Ngoko ke, u-Ernest omncinci wafunda ukudlala i-cello nokuqonda umzobo. Ewe, njengokuba siyazi, i-biography yakhe yayahlukile, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, umlobi wayesazi indlela yokwahlula imifanekiso emihle nomculo omhle. Kwamanye amabali, u-Hemingway wasebenzisa imifanekiso yabazali bakhe njengemifanekiso yezobunjwa bakhe. Kakade, i-biographie yabo iyenze utshintsho oluthile, kodwa iimpawu eziphambili kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo, kunye nesimo sengqondo kuso, kubonakala kumabali amaninzi amandulo.

Umbhali wayefundwe kwisikolo esona sikolo sikhulu. Kwakukho apho wayefakwe ngothando ngolwimi lwakhe lwangaphandle kunye noncwadi. Esikolweni, wayesebenza ephephandabeni nakwiphephancwadi, apho wayekwazi ukubhalela amanqaku akhe okuqala, kunye nokuzijonga ngendlela efana neyinyani. U-Ernest wayeyindoda ebesoloko izama ukuphumeza kuzo zonke iziphumo ezilungileyo kuphela. Wayengumthetheli kunye nomqeqeshi weqela lesikolweni, waphumelela emincintiswaneni yokubhukuda nokudubula, waba ngumhleli wephephandaba lesikolo. Umlobi ozithandayo weHemingway kwiminyaka yakhe yesikolo yayinguShakespeare.

Xa u-Ernest wayesesikolweni, umbhali weCand Landner wayenemfashiso kwizo ndawo. Kwaye kuye umlobi omncinane wazama ukuxelisa iimvavanyo zakhe zokuqala zokubhala ipeni. Kwaye ekubeni iLardner yaziwa ngenxa yengqondo kunye nokuzikhethela, u-Ernest naye wabhala ngesitayela esifanayo, okwenze ukuba utitshala ufunde ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumhloli weenkululeko ezifanayo zomfundi wakhe.

Ngomnyaka we-1916, iphephandaba lesikolo lanyathelisa amabali amathathu e-Hemingway, okumele ihlukaniswe nomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Leli bali ibali elithi "Inkundla yaseManitou" (isiseko somculo we-Indiya, ibali lixelela ngokubulawa komzingeli omdala wabaselula), "Umbala" (le ngxelo ivela kumgcini webhokisi osekhulile ochazela ngomdlalo ongathembekanga) kunye ne "Sepia Ginggan" (uhlobo lwebali malunga nomNdiya othetha ngenja yakhe kunye nentlaka, ngamanye amaxesha uyakhumbula ngokubulawa kobuhlungu komntu owaye wamcaphukisa).

Sekudala kule mabali ungabona iimpawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo zolwimi olubhalwe kwi-Hemingway.

Ngexesha leeholide zasehlotyeni u-Ernest wayevame ukubalekela ekhaya. Wenza njalo ngesizathu esilula - wayefuna ukubona ihlabathi ngamehlo akhe. Ubomi endlwini yakhe bebuhle, kodwa buqhelekileyo, kwaye umfana wayefuna ukubona nokufunda into ekhethekileyo. Ngoko waya kwezinye iidolophu, wayesebenza njengomshishini wemoto okanye umgcini wendlela kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni kwaye wayebukele abantu abahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yamaninzi awo athatyathwa njengemibhikisho yamabali akhe. Kodwa ebusika u-Ernest waya eChicago, apho wafunda khona ibhokisi. Kulapho, naye wakwazi ukubona abantu abaninzi banomdla kwihlabathi lemidlalo kunye nezwe lamafiya. Ezi zibalo nazo zaba ngamaqhawe amabali akhe.

Ngomnyaka we-1917, iMelika yangena kwimfazwe yokuqala yehlabathi, kwaye uHemingway wayefuna nje ukujoyina umkhosi, kodwa ngenxa yokungaboni kakuhle. Akazange aye enyuvesi. Kunoko, waya emsebenzini kwiphephandaba lephondo laseKansas. Kwakukho apho loo nto indoda yafunda izakhono ezisisiseko zomsebenzi wezentatheli kwaye isekelwe kulo nto yabhala "imiyalelo yekhulu lephephandaba".

Emva koko, i-Hemingway isifikile ngaphambili, nangona ingekho ijoni, kodwa i-paramedic. Wayehamba phambili e-Itali, ngokukhawuleza wathuthela kumajoni amaninzi waza wamkela iindondo ezimbini zobungqina. Umkhosi womeleza loo mfana, kodwa, ngexesha elifanayo, wamlethela ezininzi iingxaki, ezathi uHemingway wachazwa kamva "kwi-Arms Arms! ".

Emva kwemfazwe, umbhali wasebenza ixesha elithile kwiphephandaba, kodwa ekugqibeleni, waqonda ukuba kwakunzima kuye ukutshala kwisakhelo sokuba umhleli abeke aze abhale malunga nento engayithandiyo inomdla kwaye iyimfuneko. Ngako oko, umbhali washiya i-journalism, wenza umsebenzi wokudala. Kakade, ekuqaleni kwakunzima kuye, kodwa akazange aphelelwe yintliziyo aze aqhubeke ebhala. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kunye nekhono lokwenza ipeni, ngo-1925 umbhali wabhala incwadana ethi "Ilanga liphuma". Nguye, eyapapashwa ngo-1926, eyayizisa uHemingway ukuqashelwa kwehlabathi. Kuze kube ngumnyaka weshumi mathathu, umbhali wadala iincwadi ezivelayo ezine, kwaye ke i-US yaqala ingxaki, ebeka isithunzi sayo emsebenzini we-Hemingway. Kwaye nangona wayehlala ngelo xesha eYurophu, umbhali wafumana yonke into eyenzekayo kwilizwe lakubo.

Ngomnyaka we-1929, umbhali wabuyela eUnited States, kuba kwangoko wayebona indlela u-fascism azalwa ngayo kwaye engafuni ukuhlala apho, waya eFlorida. Ngomnyaka we-1933 wanyathelisa iqoqo lakhe lesithathu lembali emfutshane "Umninimzi akanalo." Le ncwadi yaquka kwakhona amabali avela kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo. Lo mjikelo wawuboniswe ngubunzima kunye nokuphelelwa ithemba. I-Hemingway ivakalelwa njengomfokazi ezweni lakubo, emva kweminyaka elishumi ehlala eYurophu.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, umbhali waphinde waya phambili. Yimalunga nemfazwe eninzi yamabali akhe emva nasemabaleni. Ewe, imfazwe yaphula umlobi osekhulile. Waziva ukuba kungekudala ubomi bakhe buya kuphela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wahamba waya kwiindawo zakhe zendawo waza wabhala amabali akhe amva. Ngobusuku bukaJulayi 2, 1961, umbhali oqaqambileyo uHemingway akazange abe. I-biografi yakhe yayingqamle kwaye iyonwabile ukuba ayikwazi ukufakwa kwinqaku enye okanye kwincwadi yonke. Wayeyindoda ehloniphekileyo, intatheli kunye nomlobi onetalente owashiya ubuninzi beengcingo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.