Iindlela zokwenza uphando zanamhlanje zenza ukuba kube lula ukujonga isimo sempilo yakhe kwinqanaba le-chromosomal - nangona kwisibeleko sikamama. Ziziphi iingenelo zokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha, ingabe kubonisa ingozi kwimpilo kamama nomntwana ongakazalwa? Ukufunda kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwintsana ezayo kuza kwenza umama azive eqinisekile ukuba umntwana usempilweni.
Ukuhlolwa kwesisu ngaphambi kokubeleka kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo
Naliphi na intsapho elindele ukuba umntwana usele nkathazweni kwaye engathandabuzekiyo. Ukuzikhupha, ukuqinisekiswa kwabazali bexesha elizayo, ukuhlolwa kokubeletha kusenokwenzeka ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Yintoni na? Oogqirha, igama elithi "ukubeleka" lichazwe ligama elithi "ngaphambi kokubeleka". "Ukuhlola" livela kwisiNgesi ukuya kwiskrini kwaye iguqulela ngokuthi "ukuhlunga". Le ndlela yokuxilonga isetyenziswe kwihlabathi kwiminyaka eyi-25 edlulileyo. Ingundoqo yayo kukukhetha ukusuka kwinani labasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngokuchanekileyo abo bafuna uphando olusenyongweni oluphezulu. Kwizinga le-chromosome, indlela ikuvumela ukuba ucacise: yintoni isimo sempilo yengane yakho engakazalwa? Ukujonga i-screening ngokuyinhloko kugxininiswe ukukhusela i-pathologies yokuzalwa yintsholongwane: Izifo ze-Down, i-neural tube defects (i-hydrocephalus, i-spinal cord hernia, njl.), Ukulimala kwangasese kwangasemva komzimba, izifo zentliziyo yesisu, izintso kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga lomntwana. Kutheni i-Down's disease ifika kuqala kuloluhlu?
Kungenxa yokuba phakathi kwintsana kuvela rhoqo, ukuphindaphinda kwe-Ukraine kunye neRussia yinto eyodwa kubantwana ababalelwa ku-750 ukuya ku-800. Ukuhlolwa kwexesha lokubeleka kwexesha elizayo lomntwana kunceda ukulwa nesifo ekuqaleni.
Nawuphi na umfazi okhulelweyo okhathalela umbuzo: Ngaba umntwana wam unempilo? Ukukhulelwa, ukungafuni ngamabango ukungenelela emzimbeni - kunye noomntu kunye nomntwana, okanye abo bangayi kuphazanyisa ukukhulelwa, nokuba ngaba kukho ukungaqhelekanga kwimpilo yengane.
Uninzi lwaphulo lokuphuhlisa umntwana olungakazalwa lungabonwa kuphela emva kweveki ezili-11 zokukhulelwa.
Xa kuqhutyelwa ukukhangela kwi-trimester yokuqala (ukuya kwiiveki ezili-14), ukuchaneka kokuxilonga kukuba malunga nama-90%, kwaye okwesibini (iiveki ezi-15-16) -60%.
Ukuze uqinisekise ubungqina bentsholongwane ye-chromosomal kumntwana, inqubo enomngcipheko kufuneka iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza (iindlela zokuxilongwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kuquka ukungenelela kwonyango kumama nomntwana), nangaphandle kweziphumo zokuhlola. Isiphumo esivamile asikho isiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokuzalwa komntwana ophilileyo. Kutheni ufuna i-computer yokubala?
Ukuvavanywa kweziphumo zokufunda kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwexesha elizayo kunye nokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokubala kwekhompyutheni yomngcipheko wokubeletha ngezinto ezingekho phantsi kwe-chromosomal ayikho inkcazelo. Ngelishwa, ezinye izigulane zivavanya kwii-laboratories kwaye ziza kugqirha ngeziphumo ngaphandle kokubala ingozi. Kwimeko enjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuvavanya ukuba unina usengozini.
Kwaye akuyingozi?
Izindlela zokujonga kunye nokufunda kwangaphambi kokubeletha umntwana osasazo ziphandle ngokuphephile. Ukuhlola iyenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhulelwa. Okwangoku, kubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuhlolwa kokubeletha kokubeletha kwezifo ze-chromosomal kwi-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa kusebenza kakhulu, ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-11 ukuya kwezi-14. Ngendlela, i-ageest age should be evaluated not from the expected date of conception, kodwa ukususela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga yokugqibela. Zonke izikhombisi zokuhlola zifakwe kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yekhompyutheni, equka iminyaka yobufazi, ubunzima bayo, imbali yokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kunye nokubeletha. Emva koko, iprogram yekhompyutheni ibalwa umngcipheko ngamnye wokuba nomntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal. Yaye ukuba ithe yaphakama, oogqirha banjalo banokuncoma iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuchonga i-chromosome isethi yomntwana: i-chorionic villus biopsy, i-amniocentesis kunye ne-amniotic fluid kunye ne-cordocentesis (kulo mzekelo, hlola umtya wegazi lomntwana).
Iyiphi indlela yokuxilongwa kunye nokufunda kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwexesha elizayo umntwana alukhethayo?
Isifundo se-villus chorion (i-placenta ezayo). Yenziwa kwiiveki ezili-10 zokukhulelwa. Ivumela ukucacisa ubukho / ukungabikho kwesifo kwiinqanaba zokuqala. Umngcipheko omkhulu wokukhipha isisu (2 - 3%). Izigulane ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal.
Diagnostic Amniocentesis
Yenziwa ngeeveki eziyi-16-17 zokukhulelwa. Amaseli e-fetal "athambile" kwi-amniotic fluid ayahlolwa. Inqubo yokhuseleko kakhulu yokugcina ukukhulelwa, ingozi yokukhupha isisu ayidluli kwi-0.2%. Isikhathi esaneleyo sokukhulelwa. Kuthatha iiveki 2-3 ukufumana umphumo.
Izigulane ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal.
Ngubani ocebisa i-cordocentesis
Uvavanyo lwegazi lomntwana. Ingabanjwa kungekudala kweeveki ezingama-20. Ukuphumelela kokufumana isiphumo kulungile nakwixesha lokukhulelwa kwexesha elide. Umngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki, ngoko ke, akunakudla ukusetyenziswa. Oomama abanomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal.
Ziyingozi kangakanani iindlela zokungenelela kunye nokufunda kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwexesha elizayo lomntwana nosana?
Izifundo ezininzi ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwale nkqubo, ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha uqeqeshe kakhulu kwaye akukho nto ingaphikiswanga ngexesha lokufunda. Ukuba, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iingxaki ziza kwenzeka, ugqirha uyala ukufezekisa.