Inani lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili
Uninzi lwalezi zikhulo zokukhulelwa kwangaphambili aziqhelekanga. Ngenxa yoko, izibalo ezibuhlungu zilandela: i-70% yokukhulelwa ayizalwanga, iphelile ngokukhipha isisu (ngokuqhelekileyo-ekupheleni kwexesha, kwixesha elidlulileyo), i-15% - i-miscarriages, kunye ne-15% kuphela-ukuzala. Kwaye isiqingatha sabantwana abazalwa kwintsholongwane bangena kwiintsapho, abanye bahlala belahlwe ezindlini zentsana.
Yikuphi ukukhulelwa kubonwa kwangaphambili?
Ukukhulelwa kuthiwa "ekuqaleni" okanye "intsha" xa kwenzeka kwintombazana eselula kwiminyaka eli-13 ukuya kwe-18 ubudala. Amantombazana kule minyaka ayedla ngokuhlala ubomi obusondeleyo kuphela ukuba abonakale "engekho mbi kunabo bonke", kwaye ipropaganda esasazekayo ngesondo ayiyona indima yokugqibela apha. Uphando lwabonisa ukuba kuphela umntu wesithathu kuphela osebenzisa iikhondomu ngexesha lokulala, enye yesithathu-isenzo sokuthandana ngokwesondo, kwaye ezinye azikhuselwanga nhlobo. Phantse ama-5% eenkwenkwezi ezikhethiweyo sele sele zikhulelwe.
Iyintoni ingozi yokukhulelwa kwentsha?
I-Psychological Attect
Ngokuqhelekileyo ulutsha aluqapheli ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili. Bafunda ngeemeko zabo ngokulibaziseka okukhulu. Ewe, indlela yokuqala isabela ngayo intloni, ingxaki yokwesaba, ukutshitshiswa, inkohlakalo enkulu, ukudideka. Intombazana ayifuni ukumkela into eyenzekayo, uyamoyikeka, uyatshutshiswa. Ngokweminyaka ubudala, enyanisweni, isengumntwana, kunzima ukujamelana neengxaki zokuxhamla kunye nomoya wayo. Kukho oku kuxhomekeke kwimeko yentombazana kunye nolwalamano lwakhe nabazali bakhe. Abanye bawela kwingcinezelo ejulile, abanye-balinde uhlobo oluthile lwe "mma ngaliso", apho yonke into iya kugqitywa ngokwayo.
Intombazana ayikwazi ukuzimisela ukuba yintoni enokuyenza ngokukhulelwa. Ngaphambi kwalo kukho umbuzo onzima nolwesabekayo wokukhetha - ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa okanye ukuwugcina? Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nentombazana leyo ikhona umntu oqonda, okwazi ukuxhasa nokuncedisa. Akunjalo rhoqo kubazali (ngelishwa) - oku kungaba utitshala oyithandayo okanye umama womhlobo wakho omhle. Omnye umele amncede akwazi ukujamelana nokuphelelwa lithemba aze athathe isigqibo esipheleleyo.
Umbono wezinto ezibonakalayo
Inkambo yokukhulelwa esemncinci ayikhethi naziphi na iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ezikhulelwe ngumfazi omdala. Yaye le yingozi yakhe. Kukho oku kulandelayo: incinci iminyaka yomama ozayo, umngcipheko weengxaki kunye nokuba khona kwezilwanyana kumntwana kunye naye.
Umngcipheko wentombazana ekhulelwe:
1. Ubukho be-anemia (ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin egazini);
2. Uxinzelelo lwengqondo (ukwanda kwexinzelelo lwegazi);
3. Ukuqala kunye neyona yingozi - i-toxicosis ekupheleni kwexesha;
4. Preeclampsia;
5. Ukungabi nesisindo ngexesha lokukhulelwa (ngenxa yokutya okunesondlo, indlela yokuphila engafanelekanga);
6. Inkcazo ye-Placental (ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwimveliso ye-hormone);
7. Ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu;
8. Ubungozi bokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa;
9. Ubukho beengxaki ekubelethweni - ukukhutshwa komntwana, isidingo secesarean section (ngenxa ye-kliniki encinci ye-pelvis);
Ingozi yomntwana:
1. Ukuqala kokubeleka kwezilwanyana (ukuzalwa kwangaphambili kubakho, ukuphakama kweengxaki zengxaki zomntwana kunye nombono, ukuphefumla, ukugaya kunye nokuphuhliswa ngokubanzi komzimba);
2. Ubunzima bomntwana osiswini (2, 5-1, 5 kg);
3. Ubuninzi be-hypoxia yangaphakathi ye-fetus;
4. Ingozi yokulimala kokuzalwa;
5. Ukungakwazi ukunyusa isisu (ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhuthazwa komama osemtsha);
6. Ubungozi bokulahlwa kwintlalo nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo.
Uninzi lwezi ngxaki zibangelwa kukuba abantwana abaselula bayasanda kukhula, umzimba wabo awululwanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye awuzange uphumelele kwisidanga esifanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhulelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiminyaka engama-13 ukuya kwe-17 kuya ku-17 kuya kuhoywa, ukutya okufanelekileyo nokuziphatha akuqwalaselwa, okukhokelela kwiinkathazo zomama nosana.
Intlalo yentlalo
Iintombazana ezithandwayo zihlala zihlangana kunye nokugwetywa. Ngako oko, uqala ukwesaba ukuvuma oko kwenzeka okokuqala kubazali bakhe, kwaye uhlala yedwa kunye nengxaki. Ngenxa yokukhulelwa kwangaphambili, le ntombazana maxa wambi kufuneka ilahle isikolo, ngaloo ndlela ibeke imfundo kwimfundo ezayo, amathuba okuzizalisekisa kunye nomsebenzi.
Ukukhusela iingxaki zokukhulelwa ziselula
Intombazana ekhulelweyo inomdla kwaye inyanzelekile kwisithuba sayo sokufumana uncedo olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo (kwi-yobhaliso yokuqala kunye nomdlavuza) kunye nenkxaso yabanye (uyise womntwana, izihlobo, oogqirha, njl.). Kule meko kuphela ithuba lokuthwala nokuzala umntwana onempilo ngokunyuka kakhulu.
Kwakhona, ukukhusela iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lokubeletha lihamba phambili (iiveki 1-2 phambi komhla wokugqibela) ukulaliswa esibhedlele kwintombazana ekhulelweyo kwisebe lezilwanyana esibhedlele. Kuza kuba nekhosi yokunyangwa kwamanyathelo okulungiselela, kwaye intombazana iya kufumana uncedo olufike ngexesha xa kuzalwa kuqala.
Ukukhusela ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili
1. Ukugcina ulwalamano oluthembayo kunye nomntwana osemtsha, olubandakanya iingxoxo ezingenanto kwizinto "ezingavunyelwe",
2. Umbutho wezemfundo zesondo ezisezikolweni, ukubukela ama-movie, ukuqhuba iintetho ngesihloko sobomi besondo, iindlela zokuthintela nokukhulelwa kwangaphambili,
3. Ukunikezela ngolwazi olupheleleyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo malunga neendlela zanamhlanje zokukhulelwa kwezilwanyana (kufuna ukuzifundiswa kwabazali ngokwabo).
Khumbula ukuba intombazana iselula inamathuba onke okuvelisa umntwana ophilileyo. Indlela echanekileyo yobomi kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwangoko kugqirha kuyisisiseko kwisisombululo esiphumeleleyo sokukhulelwa.