I-dyslexia yamangqina, ukulungiswa kunye nokuqedwa

Ukutyelela esikolweni ngumntwana kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke intsapho. Ngaphambi kwesikolo, umntwana wakhula kwaye waveliswa ukuba alungele ubunzima bendawo entsha yobomi. Ubhekane nemingeni eyahlukeneyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukuhluleka kwee-degrees ezibalulekayo. Abazali notitshala badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneni iingxaki kwiinqanaba zokuqala. Iinkcukacha zifunde kwinqaku ngesihloko esithi "I-dyslexia yam, ukulungiswa kunye nokupheliswa."

Abantwana abangafuni ukuya esikolweni

Abantwana abancinci banqwenela ukuya esikolweni, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kubangelwa ukwesaba baze batyeke, umntwana uzenza sengathi uyagula kwaye ugxininise iimpawu zomzimba, nje ukuhlala ekhaya kwaye ugweme isikolo. Umntwana oneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10, eziphatha ngale ndlela, uloyika kakhulu ukuba ahlukane nekhaya kunye nezihlobo eziqhelekileyo. Uloyiko olungaqhelekanga lunokuvela kubantwana ekutyelelweni kokuqala kwirejista, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwenzeka kwiziko lesibini. Ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana ukhononda ngentloko, intlungu okanye isisu, xa ixesha lokuya esikolweni. Ngokukhawuleza xa eqonda ukuba uya kuhlala ekhaya, "ugula" ludlula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kusasa kusasa kwakhona. Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana uyalahla ukushiya indlu. Umntwana obonisa ukwesaba okungenangqondo kokuya esikolweni unokukwazi ukufumana ezi zilandelayo iimpawu.

- Ukwesaba ukuba yedwa kwigumbi.

- Unkwantya ukuba into embi iya kwenzeka kubazali.

- Umnqweno wokuba "uhambe umsila" ujikeleze indlu ubaba okanye unina.

- Iingxaki zokulala.

- Izihlandlo ezivuthiweyo.

- Ukwesaba okukhulu kwezilwanyana, izilo okanye izibhamu.

- Ukwesaba ukuba yedwa ebumnyameni.

- Ukukhwabanisa i-scandals, ukwenzela ukuba ungahambi esikolweni.

Ukwesaba okunjalo kuqhelekileyo kubantwana abaneengxaki zokuxhalabisa. Imiphumo engapheliyo yexesha elide (esele ikhulile) ingaba lukhulu kakhulu xa unganikezeli umntwana ngoncedo olungcali. Ukungaphumeleli esikolweni kwaye engabonane nabangani ixesha elide, umntwana ubeka ingozi yokuqalisa izifundo zakhe, uya kuba neengxaki zokunxibelelana. Ezikolweni zasesekondari, abantwana bafunda ngokulula ngakumbi kwaye bafunde ulwazi ngokulula. Bahlakulela ukuqwalasela, ukukwazi ukukhumbula, ukuhlakulela, njengangaphambili. Ukuvakalelwa komntu ngokwakho kuyaqina. Abantwana ngokuthe ngcembe bayaziqonda ngesini sabo. Ukuthintela oku, abazali kufuneka babonise umntwana kumntwana wengqondo yengqondo oya kumnceda abuyele kwizifundo zesikolo kunye neshedyuli yangaphambili ngokukhawuleza.

Ubunzima obucacileyo ekufundeni nasekulungiseni kwabo

Kwixesha lokufundela, akulula ukufumanisa ubunzima bokufunda komntwana, kodwa esikolweni ezinjalo iingxaki zivele zibonakale.

- Umntwana akakwazi ukufunda ukufunda njengoko ebudeni bakhe, yena

kukho ubunzima kwezinye iinqanaba zokuqeqesha, nangona i-IQ ephakamileyo ngokwaneleyo (inkcazo yophuhliso lwengqondo) kunye nemizamo yootitshala.

- Umntwana unokufumana ubunzima ngolwimi nangentetho, engapheliyo kunye nexesha. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana kamva uthe waqala ukuthetha, akanako ukubizwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamagama athile, kunye nokubonakalisa iingcamango zakhe.

- Umntwana uyabhala ngokukhawuleza kwaye engabonakaliyo.

Ukuba iinjongo ezinzulu zibekwe kunyaka wokuqala wezifundo phambi komntwana, akanako ukujamelana nazo. Mhlawumbi kuya kuthatha ixesha elingaphezulu, amandla kunye namandla ukuphumeza iziphumo ezifanayo abanye abantwana abanikezelwa ngokulula. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuzithemba komntwana kuncitshiswa, uziva ekhuselekile. Ubunzima obangela iimpawu zokukhathazeka kubantwana - umzekelo, umntwana unomkhuba wokutshiza umunwe, ukugubha eminwe, ukucaphuka, ukungakwazi ukugxila kunye nokulala ukuphazamiseka.

"Kunzima ukuba agxininise kwaye akhumbule izinto."

Ukusebenza kakubi kwezemfundo kunciphisa ukuzithemba kwakhe, uyeka ukukholelwa ngamandla akhe.

- Iingxaki zokufunda okanye intetho ezavela kwelinye lamalungu entsapho.

Isizathu esona sinobu bunzima asisungulwanga, kodwa uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuvela kweengxaki ezincinci ze-cerebral okanye ukuphuculwa kophuhliso lwendawo nganye yengqondo. Abantwana baqonda oko bafunda ngeendlela zokutolika zobuchopho. Ukuchazwa kolwazi olwaziwayo nolwamkelayo ngamehlo alufani. Ingqondo ifanisa imifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye neyabonwa ngaphambili nangamava adlulileyo. Iingxaki zokufunda ezichanekileyo zingabonisa iimpazamo kule nkqubo, kungekhona ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Ukufumana i-dyslexia ye-mnestic nezinye iingxaki zokufunda zingabangela umonakalo kwingqondo ngokusuleleka (incephalitis, meningitis), ukuxhatshazwa kwe-craniocerebral, ukunyangwa kakubi, ukungena kwizinto ezinobuthi, ukuzala kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, i-chemotherapy, njl. , ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, indawo engathandekiyo (intsapho exhalabileyo, ukulungelelaniswa kwezifundo, izifundo ezingekho phantsi, ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo), nangona zingabalulekanga iingxaki zokufunda.

Dyslexia

Inkcazo elula kunye nokulungiswa kwe-mystic dyslexia yinkathazo ekufundiseni ukufunda okwenzeka kubantwana abanokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngokuqhelekileyo, kungekho naziphi na iimpawu zonyango okanye ukugula ngengqondo engachaza le ngxaki. I-Dyslexics ikufumanisa kunzima ukuhlukanisa iileta okanye amaqela eencwadi, umyalelo wokutshintshana kwabo kwigama okanye kwisivakalisi, abakwazi ukufunda, ukusebenza kwabo kwizifundo kuncinci kunokuba befunda nabo kunye noontanga. I-dyslexia engummangaliso ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntwana, kuba ubunzima bokuthetha nabo buchaza indlela aziphatha ngayo. Kunzima ukuba abantwana abanjalo babhale, umsebenzi ngamnye ufuna umzamo omkhulu. Ukuba singabandakanyi iimpembelelo ezibonakalayo, eziphicothiweyo kunye neengqondo, kucingwa ukuba i-mnestic dyslexia ibangelwa zizizathu ezininzi.

- I-cerebral lateralization, engavumelekanga ukuba ibambe ilungiselelo elungileyo leencwadi, idibanisa, ngenxa yoko umntwana uphonsa iileta okanye iillilali okanye ulungise kwakhona kwiindawo.

- Ukuphazamiseka ngexesha kunye nendawo.

- Iingxaki zokuqonda.

- Ubunzima beengqondo (ukulungelelanisa, ukulinganisela, njl.).

- Izifo zengqondo.

Kubalulekile ukuchonga nokulungisa le ngxaki kangangoko kunokwenzeka, phambi kwesikolo okanye kwiminyaka yokuqala yesi-2 yesikolo esiprayimari, kwaye ke uye kwi-psychologist yengane kwaye uqale inkqubo yokufunda nganye. Kubalulekile ukufumana imbangela yezizathu zokwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle koko i-dyslexia ye-mnestic iya kuthintela ukufunda komntwana ngokubanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukufundisisa imeko kwintsapho ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni abantwana okanye abaselula bayesaba ukuya esikolweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo iingxaki ezisemncinci zithatha ngokwaneleyo kwaye zifuna unyango olunzulu. Kodwa ukwesaba okungenangqiqo kokushiya ikhaya kwaye ushiya abazali baphathwa ngempumelelo xa ufuna uncedo kwizodwa. Ngoku siyazi indlela i-mystic dyslexia eyaqhubeka ngayo, ukulungiswa nokupheliswa kwesi sifo kubantwana.