Iingxaki zesifo sikashukela zinzulu kakhulu. Nangona unyango lwangoku, abantwana abangaphezu kwama-50% baneengxaki ezinzima kwiminyaka engama-12 emva kokuqala kwesi sifo. Ukususela kwi-type 2 yesifo sikashukela, iinjongo, amehlo, iinqanawa, iinambuzane zihluphekile. Isiganeko sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sinyuka phakathi kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo ngo-3% ngonyaka, naphakathi kwabantwana abancinci - ngama-5% ngonyaka. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-International Diabetes Federation, abantwana abangama-70 000 abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-15 ngamnye ngonyaka banesifo sikashukela se-1 - abantwana abangaba ngu-200 ngosuku! Enye indlela eyoyikisayo iyanda. Kwakuqhelekileyo ukuba olo hlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngokuyinxalenye yabantu abaninzi asebekhulile. Namhlanje, olu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela "luncinci" kwaye lukhula ngokugqithiseleyo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo.
Abaphengululi bathi: izizathu zokukhula oku akuzona kuphela izakhi zofuzo, kodwa nazo izinto zangaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, ukungcola kokusingqongileyo, ukulahlwa kokuncelisa kunye nesingeniso esilandelayo ekutya okuqinileyo. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba, xa bekhula, abantwana abaninzi baya kubhekana nesifo sikashukela kwixesha elizayo, ngaphandle kokuba kuthatyathwe amanyathelo amanyathelo. Sekunje namhlanje, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-240 kwihlabathi bafumana isifo sikashukela. Le nombolo, ukugweba ngeengcaphephe zeengcali, isongela ukwandisa ngaphezu kwesigidi - ukuya kwii-380 yezigidi phakathi kweso sizukulwana. Kungekudala, enye yamaziko esayensi aseMelika aqikelele ukuba enye yesithathu kubo bonke abantwana abazalwa eMelika ngo-2000 iya kuphuhlisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngexesha lokuphila kwabo. Ukuba isifo sikashukela se-type 1 (esasibizwa ngokuba yi-insulin-dependent) sinexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ixesha elifihlakeleyo, ngoko-ke ukungabikho kohlobo lwe-2 kubungqina bokuba luye lwaphuhliswa ngokungapheliyo ixesha elide. Ngokuchanekileyo, oogqirha banokumisela nokuba ukuphulwa kokuqala kwe-carbohydrates metabolism kwaye kuthathe amanyathelo okumisa (okanye ukucotha kakhulu) ukuphuhliswa kwesifo esiyingozi. Kodwa yena ngokwakhe, abazali bakhe abanako ukungazi le miqondiso kunye nokulibazisa ngokucacisa ukuxilongwa nokuqala unyango. Inqaku elicetywayo liya kukunceda unqobe ukungafundi, kwaye ke ukhusela abantwana bakho ekusongeni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo, utshintsho kwisakhiwo kunye nesifo sesifo sikashukela sinokuchaphazela onke amaqela eminyaka. Akusekho mfihlelo ohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esenzekayo kubini abadala kunye nabantwana. Kwangexesha elide, iimeko zesifo sikashukela esinesifo se-insulini-ezizimeleyo kwizonyango zonyango zazibhekwa njengeyodwa. Namhlanje, kunye nesibetho sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala, i-endocrinologists iphawula ukukhula kwesi sifo kubantwana, abaselula nabaselula. Idatha yokugqibela ibonisa ukuba ukususela kwi-5 ukuya kwi-30% yamatyala esifo sesifo sikashukela esandul Kwaye, ngelishwa, luchaza ukuba kungenzeka ukuphuhliswa kwangaphambili kweengxaki zesifo sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela se-type 2 sibonakaliswe yimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqala kwesi sifo kwiimeko ezininzi kuphelile, unxanxwa lusemodareyithini okanye alukho, ushukela kumchamo udlalwa ngokungabikho kwamaketoni kumchamo, i-ketoacidosis iyabonwa ngokungaqhelekanga, ukuya kwi-5% yamatyala. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kwiimviwo zokuthintela.
- Eyaziwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kunokuthi kubekho ukulahleka komzimba ekuqaleni kwesi sifo. Ukukhuselwa kwe-insulin kuye kwagcinwa ixesha elide. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin okuqhelekileyo kukukhuseleka kweeseli zomzimba kwi-insulin, ngenxa yokuba i-glucose ayifakwanga yiiseli. Iiseli zomzimba zilambile, nangona inqanaba leswekile kwigazi ligqithiseleyo.
- IHeredity inendima enkulu. Ngama-40% -80% amacala, omnye wabazali unesi sifo. Ku-74% - i-100% yamatyala kukho isihlobo salo-1 no-2 umgca wobudlelwane nesifo sikashukela.
- Amanqaku okuzenzekelayo ngegazi awafumanekanga, kukho iimpawu zesikhumba. Kwiimantombazana, isifo sikashukela sisoloko sidibene ne-polycystic syndrome syndrome.
Malunga namaqela kunye nemingcipheko
Kubalulekile ukuba bonke abazali bazi malunga nemingcipheko yesifo sikashukela ukwenzela ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwayo okanye ukuchonga nokuqala unyango ngexesha. Kwinqanaba labantwana abanomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphuhlisa isifo sikashukela se-2, abo banezihlobo ezithandana nesi sifo baqala ukufakwa. Ingxaki ehlukile yengozi yesifo sikashukela kumama womntwana. Kwiingozi eziphezulu zesifo sikashukela nazo ziboniswa zizifo, ezihamba kunye nokunciphisa kwisenzo se-insulin. Le syndrome ye-polycystic ovaries, i-blood pressure, i-dyslipidemia-ukuphulwa kwe-fatabetism. Izibonakaliso zesikhumba zokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin - amabala amnyama afakelwe elukhunjini kwintlambo, entanyeni, emagqabini - angabonisa ukuphulwa komzwelo kwi-insulin.
Ubunzima obunzima buyingozi!
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuba ukukhula kohlobo lwesibini sikashukela kuhlobene ngokunyuka kwinani labantwana abapheleleyo. Ukulumkisa ngokukhethekileyo kufuneka kuboniswe ngabazali balabo bantwana abanobunzima bomzimba obudlula umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo ngama-120 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwiminyaka eyi-10, bonke abantwana kufuneka baphumelele uviwo lokukhusela nge-endocrinologist ngokuzimisela i-blood glucose. Kodwa ukuba umntwana ukhuluphele, musa ukulinda ade afinyelele kule minyaka. Mkhokele kumgqirha ngaphambi!
Abantwana abasele bachonga ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-glucose metabolism ngohlobo lokungazinyameki kwe-glucose ukunyamezela kunye nokungazilawuleki kwe-glycemia kufuneka kube phantsi kweliso lwe-endocrinologist kwaye ihambisane neziphakamiso zakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, ngaba abantwana banomzimba ogqithiseleyo kwaye banzima kakhulu ilifa elincinci kakhulu ekufakeni isifo sikashukela se-2. Qala unyango ngokukhawuleza, xa ugqirha sele enqume ukuba umntwana ukhuluphele. Oku kuya kwenzeka nangeminyaka eyi-3-4.
Umngcipheko wokuthobela ukukhuluphala kunyuke ngokukhula komntwana. Xa eba ngumntwana osemtsha, uya kuba nzima kunciphisa umzimba. Kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba obuqhelekileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo kubonakaliswa ukuba nokuba utshintsho oluncinane ekuziphatheni kokutya, ukuzivocavoca umzimba okungenani ama-2 ngeveki kunye nokulahleka okunciphisa umzimba kunciphisa isigamu sengozi yesifo sikashukela kwiqela elijongene nobungozi.
Imfundo yemvelo iya kunceda
Ukunikezelwa kwimiba engozi, iiprogram zelizwe zokuthintela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kubantwana ziye zaphuhliswa. Kukho indima enkulu enikwa ubomi bokuphila kunye nemisebenzi yomzimba. Isidingo sokuncelisa abantwana kunye nokuthintela ukukhuluphala kwabadala, ngakumbi kubasetyhini beminyaka yobudala. Iinyaniso abazali nabazali kufuneka bazi malunga nendima yomsebenzi wokukhusela isifo sikashukela:
1. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganiselayo kunamafutha kunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sikashukela. Nangona imfundo engokwenyama ayikhokeli ekumgangatho wesisindo sayo.
2. Ukuzivocavoca okuqhelekileyo kwisifo sikashukela kuyanciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo, nangona izigulane zingenayo enye ingozi ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela.
3. Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo kuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin.
Kubalulekile! Imithetho elula ngokwaneleyo iya kubavumela abazali abapheleleyo ukuba bahlele kakuhle indlela yokuphila ngayo kwaye banciphise kakhulu umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo sikashukela.
- Hlonipha ukutya kwabantwana bakho, ungabanyanzeli ukuba badle ukuphela kokutya konke ukutya. Musa ukunikela ngeeskese ngenxa yokuba umntwana wayidla ngokupheleleyo kuqala kunye nesibini.
- Musa ukunika abantwana ukutya njengomvuzo wokuziphatha kakuhle, ukufunda kakuhle okanye nje ngendlela yokuchitha ixesha.
- Khuthaza abantwana ukuba badlale imidlalo. Ubude obufunekayo bomsebenzi wokwenyama ngemini ngu-20-60 imizuzu. Nciphise ixesha lokubukela ukuya kuma-1-2 iiyure ngosuku.
- Sebenzisa ekudleni intlanzi, imifuno, iziqhamo. Amafutha akufanele abe ngaphezu kwama-30% ewonke umxholo wekhalori wemihla ngemihla. Gwema ukutya okukhawulezileyo, ukutya okuqulethe (elicucile) i-carbohydrates.
Yonke le mi sebenzi ifanele ithathelwe ingqalelo njengesigxina, kungekhona njengesicwangciso sesondlo sesigxina sokulahleka kwesisindo esiphuthumayo. Yiba ngumzekelo kubantwana bakho. Ukuba ukhuluphele okanye ungasebenzi ngexesha lomhla, mhlawumbi abantwana bakho banokucinga. Musa ukuvumela isifo sesifo sikashukela ngokwawo. Xa ulandela zonke iingcebiso zesifo sikashukela, unokuphila ubomi obulisekileyo obumnandi.