Iyona enkulu kunazo zonke zezibindi kunye ne-pancreas. Ukutya ngaphantsi kwefuthe lemali emlonyeni kunye neentsholongwane zokugaya esiswini nasemathunjini aphule kwizinto, kwaye ngeendonga zamathumbu izinto eziyiphumelayo eziphuma kuzo zingene egazini. Emva koko zonke i-ballast kunye ne-toxins yesibindi eziye zacutshungulwa ngesibindi zitshisa inkqubo yokugaya. Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya kumntu omdala ithatha iiyure ezingama-24-36, ngelixa iintsana zithatha iiyure ezingama-6 ukuya ku-18. Ulwimi namazinyo yindlela ephambili yokutyumza, ukuphazamisa nokufaka ukutya ngokumathisa. Amazinyo okuqala weintsana abonakala kwiinyanga ezili-6, xa umzimba wabo uqala ukulungiselela ukuphuhliswa kokutya okunamandla ngakumbi. I-Saliva - iveliswa yi-eclastic and parotid glands. Kwaye kwanawo maseva, unokwakhiwa okuyimfuneko ekuqhekekeni kokutya. Ukongeza, i-stali ifaka umlenze womlomo-indawo yokuqokelela inani elikhulu lezinyunyanzana, kuquka ezo ezingaphephile kumntwana. Ukunyuswa kweentsana ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 kuncinci kakhulu, kodwa ukususela ngeli xesha, kwaye ngokukodwa njengemveliso emitsha kubonakala ekudleni kwabo, kuya kuba ngakumbi. Unyaka ongama-1 umntwana akakwazi ukugwinya yonke i-stali eyenziwe, ininzi yayo ingaphandle, kwaye oku kuqhelekileyo.
Ngenxa yokuphulwa komzimba wokukhusela umzimba, nangaphantsi kwefuthe lokulimala kunye nokutya okuvuthayo (okokuphi ukutya okutsha kokuqala) iintsana zinokuba nezifo ezivuthayo zomlomo womlomo - stomatitis (ukuvuvukala komlomo we-oral mucosa), i-gingivitis (ukuvuvukala kweentsholongwane), i-periodontitis (ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-parietal ), thrush (intsholongwane yefungal ye-mucosa yomlomo).
Stomatitis
Kubantwana abancancisayo, i-stomatitis eqaqambileyo ibangela i-virus ye-herpes simplex. Kule meko, iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukukhanya okulula kunye nobuhlungu kubonakala kwi-mucosa yomlomo - i-aphthae, ngenxa yento umntwana engalali kakuhle kwaye ingenangqondo. Abantwana baqala ukungala ukudla ngenxa yentlungu emlonyeni, ngoko kufuneka bakondliwe nge-semi-liquide okanye ukutya okumanzi. Ukutya akufanele kushushu. Phakathi kweziyobisi ezikunceda ukujamelana nesifo se-stomatitis esiswini sino-antiviral ointments ezigcobile nge-aphthae kunye ne-mucous ezungezile, iindlela ezisekela isistim somzimba (umzekelo, i-Imudon, i-Solvay Pharma, eqinisweni-umxube weeseli ezincinci ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezinto ezikhuselekileyo ezikhusela umlomo womlomo kunye pharynx).
I-esophagus "i-corridor" apho ukutya kokutya, ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwesigxina kweendonga, kwehla kwisisu, ngokugqithisa inkqubo yokuphefumula. Kule ndawo, ukutya kudlulela kwi-sphincters, "iidampers", ezikuthintela ukuba uhambe endleleni yokubuya. Ekupheleni kwesigxina yi-cardiac sphincter (cardia), "ivala" isitshixo esisisiseko, ukuze isitya sokutya singabuyi sisisu kwisigxina. Kwiintsana ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, i-cardia ayigciniwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ekubeni umgcini-wesango (u-sphincter wenza umsebenzi ofanayo wokukhusela, kodwa kuphela kwisisu), ngokuchaseneyo, uyaphunyezwa, ukubuyiswa kwakhona kuvela.
IRégurgitations
Ukuba umntwana ukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza (ubisi luphuma nje emlonyeni, aluhlanza, kwaye longeza isisindo kakuhle), akufanele ukhathazeke. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezininzi iintsana ziya kuba zi-2 ukuya kwi-5 iziqephu ngosuku olungapheli ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-1-2. Ngamanye amaxesha iziqulatho zokubuya zingabonakalisa ukuxutyushwa kwegazi, kwaye ukuba umama omncinci uphahlale iimbini (kwenzeka, le ntokazi ayibonakali), akufanele ukhathazeke. Abantwana abakhulileyo ngamanye amaxesha banokutshiza ukutya okungaphezulu. Kwaye isizathu sivame ukuba yimpawu zokutya komntwana, kwaye kungekhona ingxaki ngesisu okanye isisu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlaziywa ngokutsha kubangela ukuba uphuzo oluninzi lwe-carbon, ngoko abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-4 abafanele bawaphuze. Ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa yi-esophagitis (ukuvuvukala kwesahluko esezantsi kwesifo) okanye isifo se-reflux yesifo se-gastroesophageal (oku kukuphumla kwe-cardiac sphincter, ngenxa yokuba umxholo we-asidi wesisu usesigxinini, obangela ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa-esophagitis). Isisu siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhlanganisana. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yengane isisu sinexabiso elithile lokutya. Ngomntwana oneminyaka eyi-1 ubudala, umthamo wayo ngu-100 ml, umntwana oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala ngu-250-300 ml. Ngaphandle, isisu sifana nengxowa apho ukutya kwe-gruel (chyme) igcinwa kwaye ilandelwa nge-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-enzymes.
Kwinqanaba layo elincinane, isisu sinxulumene namathumbu ngoncedo lomgcini-mnyango - "umnyango", ovula indlela eyodwa kuphela. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza kwamadampu kuboniswa kukuba abantwana bajamelana nomlinganiselo wokutya olingana no-1 / 5-1 / 6 wobunzima bomzimba wabo (kuba umntu omdala uza kuba yi-10-15 kg ngosuku!). Ukongezelela, kunzima ukugcina ukutya okukwi-liquid. Ukholo lwe-chyme ukusuka esiswini ukuya emathunjini lwenzeka rhoqo kwaye luhlu. Ziyabonakala ukuba isahluko sokutya kunzima (okwenzeka ngokunciphisa umgcini wesango) okanye xa, ngokuchaseneyo, ivuliwe kakhulu-ke i-chyme iphoswe emuva kwisisu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imisipha yokukhiya i-pylorus ikhululekile-le nto ikhethekileyo kubantwana abaneengxaki zeentlungu okanye i-gastritis engapheliyo. I-Gastritis kunye nesilonda se-peptic kwiintsana akunqabile. Ezi ngxaki zikhethekileyo kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-6-7, kuba kule minyaka bachitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle kwendlu, badla ukutya okungekho ngaphantsi nangaphantsi kwekhaya, apho ukutya kunye nokulawulwa komthetho kuphulwa.
Bile kunye ne Enzyme
Ziyimfuneko ekusebenziseni nasekuqinisweni kokutya kwaye zivela kwisibindi kunye ne-pancreas. I-bile kwiintsana iveliswa encinci, ngoko umzimba wabo usalwa ne-fatism. Ngokudala, ukuveliswa kwe-bile acids kubantwana kuyanda, kwaye imeko ihamba ngcono. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa i-enzyme ngeepascreas ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana akukasekwa. Kwijusi layo, abantwana beenyanga ezi-3 zokuqala abanalo izinto ezaneleyo ezibandakanyekayo kwi-digestion yesitashi, iiprotheyini kunye namafutha (amylase, trypsin kunye ne-lipase). Emva kokuba iimveliso ezintsha zibonakala ngokukhawuleza ekudleni kwabantwana, ukuphuhliswa kwezinto eziyimfuneko ukugonywa kwi-pancreas kulungiswe kwaye kufinyelele kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubantu abadala. Kungenxa yeziganeko ezibalulekileyo zesibindi kunye ne-pancreas yabantwana ukuba iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-7 abanakudla kwitafile endala. Emva kokuphulwa kokuphuma kwebhile ngokusebenzisa i-biaryary tract (ukungasebenzi kwephepha lebhiliyari) kunye nokuphulwa kwesigxina sokufihla ukukhuselwa kwesibindi kunye ne-pancreas, xa bengagqithani ukuhamba kwendawo yokutya (i-pancreatitis esebenzayo) ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana zeminyaka yokuqala yobomi njengempendulo yokutya engafanelekanga kwimpilo yabo.
Uhambo oluya emathunjini
Amathumbu amancinci anamaqela a-3: i-duodenum, ixhomekeke kwaye i-aliac. Icandelo lokuqala lifumana i-bile ne-pancreatic juice, apho ukuguqulwa kwamaprotheni, amafutha kunye ne-carbohydrate. Kwi-jejunum kunye ne-ileum, i-chyme iyancipha ibe izondlo. Udonga olungaphakathi lwamathambo amancinci luquka i-microscopic villi, enika i-amino acids, ishukela, iivithamini egazini. Ngenxa yokusilela kwisakhiwo se-villi - okwethutyana (ngenxa yesifo sesisu) kwaye, ngokungaphantsi kwexesha, ngokusisigxina, ukuchithwa kwezondlo kungonakali kwaye i-disorder ye-stool ingaqala.
Umathumbu omkhulu ujikeleza isigxina sonke esisisu. Kule ngxenye yamathumbu, amanzi kunye nxalenye encinci yamasile e-amaminerali ayangena. Ngendlela, le ntsimi leyo ibizwa ngokuba ngummandla wezilwanyana ezinobuncedo, ukungabikho kwezinto ezikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwamagesi angaphezulu (ukuguquka). Kwimathumbu enkulu, ukutya okuseleyo (umxube) kuthatha ifom kunye kunye ne-rectum kunye ne-intestinal outlet (anus). Ukukhuthazwa kwe-chyme kule ndawo, izihlunu zihambelana nezihlwele ezininzi, kwaye ukuvula kwangaphandle kungenxa yokuvulwa nokuvalwa kwekota. Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezixhobo ze-sphincter, ezibangelwa, umzekelo, ngokusulelwa ngamathumbu emathumbu, zibonakaliswe ukulibazisa okanye ukunyuka kwamavolonti. Kubantwana, ubilini busebenza ngamandla, ngoko kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbini zobomi baya "ezinkulu" amaxesha angama-4-6 ngosuku. Iintsana ezidla umxube owenziweyo zenza oku ngaphantsi kweentsana. Emva konyaka ongu-1, ubukhulu beendlela "ezinkulu" ziya ku-1-2 ngamaxesha ngosuku. Ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana, amathumbu akhe ayinyumba, kodwa ukususela ngomhla wokuqala uqala ukuba neendawo ezinobuncedo. Kwiintsana eziphilileyo ezizalwe ngexesha kunye nokuncelisa, i-intestinal flora iyafikelela kumgangatho oqhelekileyo ekupheleni kweveki yesibini yobomi.
I-colic intestinal yinto eqhelekileyo efana nayo yonke iintsana ezinomdla wokugaya kuphela "ukuvuthwa". Ubuhlungu kwisisu esiswini lwebantwana lubonakala ngenxa yokuba emathunjini iqokelela ezininzi iigesi (ukuguquka). Nangona i-cause of intestinal colic icacile, kuyimfuneko ukunxibelelana nodokotela oza kubandakanywa izifo ezigulane, umzekelo, i-appendicitis; Ukongezelela, yedwa ootitshala bezilwanyana abanokumisela unyango lwabantwana. Ukuze ukwazi ukujamelana neengxaki, umntwana, ukongeza kwimimiselo yokutya (ukuba uyintsana, lumkisa ngesonka esingumnyama, iitapile, ubhontshisi, ubisi, i-sauerkraut, uthinte unina), umisele ilahleko ezisebenzayo okanye amalungiselelo akhethekileyo (umz. U-Espumizan, eBerlin-Chemie, Unienzim, Unichem Lab.)
Uhudo
Iintlungu zesitoli zivame ukubangela isifo, nangona kungekho rhoqo. Iilitha zivame ukuba ne-lactase, kodwa zivela ekubeni i-pancreas ne-intestinal mucosa, ezijongene nokuveliswa kwe-lactase, azikwazi ukusebenza ngamandla. Ngaphandle kwe-enzyme ye-lactase, i-lactose ayifuni kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, i-lactase ayinalutho, ikhupha ukukhula kweentlobo ezincinci zezilwanyana ezincinci, ezingahambi emathunjini omntwana kunye ne-dysbacteriosis. Izibonakaliso zokunqongophala kwe-lactase kunye ne-dysbiosis ziyafana: usana lukhala emva kokutya, ukhathazekile ngokuqhaqha, i-foamy stool liquol (rhoqo okanye ngokuqhaqha). Izifo ezithintekayo okanye iintsholongwane zamathumbu zibizwa ngokuba zizifo "zezandla ezingcolileyo". Ama-microorganisms abangela ukuba ahluke, nangona kungenakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuba yintoni kanye umntwana ahlangane nayo (isifo samathambo okanye i-shigellosis, i-salmonellosis, isifo sengculaza kunye ne-caliciviral, kunye njalo). Ngamayeza omathumbu, isinye seziphumo ezigqithisileyo zamachiza zihambelana-imbono yesidingo sokukhupha iintsana kunye nohudo (oogqirha baya kubiza le nkqubo yokuvuselelwa kwakhona) ukuze baphephe ukungcola. Kule ndlela isisombululo se-salts - esilungile (Hydrovit, STADA, Regidron, Orion, nabanye) kwaye yenziwe ekhaya. Iingqungquthela zamanqaku namhlanje zonyula iintsana kuphela ngeendlela ezinzima zokusulelwa ngamathumbu emathumbu. Ukongezelela, banqunywe ukutya okuqinileyo kumntwana, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-enzyme, iziyobisi eziphucula amandla okugulisa isilwanyana (umzekelo, u-Uzara, STADA), ukungena kwintsiba yizinto ezangena emathunjini kwaye zifumene i-toxins kunye ne-microbes (i-Smecta, UBeauf wethu we-Ipsen), ii-probiotics ziyanceda izilwanyana ezincinane, i-bifido kunye ne-lactobacilli (Probifor, Partner, Bifiform, i-Ferrosan, i-Bifidumbacterin-forte, i-Enterol, i-Biocodex), i-prebiotics ekuncedeni ukukhula kweentyityalo ezincedo (iHilak forte, iRatiopharm), kunye neziyobisi , ukukhusela umkhuhlane (Kipferon, A i-ppharm, i-Bifilysis, i-Enzyme). Isifo sohudo esingapheliyo sihlala siqhagamshelana nokuphulwa kokutya: ukungahambisani nokushukela ubisi (ukusweleka kwe-lactase), ukungabikho kokutya kokutya (isifo se-celiac). Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ukunganyaniseki kwiprotheni yobisi lweenkomo okanye isifo sesibilini (isifo sesilonda, isifo sikaCrohn). Kwimeko nayiphi na into, umntwana uya kufuna ikhosi yoviwo eya kugqiba ukuba umntwana unentsholongwane yamathumbu, izibungu, iintlungu zesisu zomathumbu.
Iingxaki
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba emva kokusuleleka kwe-intestinal, okanye unyango kunye neyeza-antibiotics (enye intsholongwane), umsebenzi wesilonda somntwana awuyihlelwa kakuhle, odla ngokubonakalisa ukulibaziseka kwi-stool. Ukuqhawulwa okubangelwa ukuphumla kwamathumbu, ukutya okuqulethe iifriji zityalo (iibhunge, iindwangu, isinkwa esipheleleyo) sichazwe. Abantwana bacetyiswa ukuba bathutheke kakhulu, kwaye ngoncedo lomcebisi wesisu esiswini luyabancedisa ukuba babuyisele i-reflex yokukhululwa kwamathumbu. Ukongeza, ugqirha uya kuthatha umntwana ukuba asebenzise iziyobisi. Kukho iintsana eziza kufuna izilwanyana ezinqabileyo kunye nezigulane (izibilini) izixhobo ezivela kwimvelaphi yezityalo (Microlax, Johnson & Johnson, Plantex, Lek, ingcambu ye-buckthorn). Abantwana abanesifo sokuqhawulwa, apho intlungu ixineke khona, iziyobisi ezenza uncedo lwe-nervous system (valerian) luncede. I-Enema abantwana yenza ntoni ukuba umphumo unyanzelekile ukulinda ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu. Ngoku siyazi ukuba izitho zokugaya zisebenza njani kubantwana, iimpawu ze-anatomiki kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.