Igama le-camellia genus linikezelwe ngokuhlonela umfundisi waseMorevia kunye nomthonyalwazi uG. Camelius (iminyaka yobomi: 1881 ukuya ku-1706). Wayengowokuqala ukuzisa esi sityalo ePhilippines ukuya eYurophu.
Iindidi ezahlukileyo zeenkellias zifumene ukusabalalisa ngokubanzi njengezityalo ezihlobisa rhoqo, izityalo eziluhlaza. Izityalo zangaphakathi - iikhamela zezimbali zisetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa izinto zangaphakathi, xa zidala ukubonakala kwiipaki, igadi, izityalo zokugcina izityalo.
Kwiimeko zegumbi lekhamasia ziqhakaza kwaye ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo ngokunyamekela. I-Camellia inzima ukukhula, ukuba ikhulile ekhaya egumbini, ukukhanya okuncinane, umswakama ophantsi, ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nomhlaba, ongafanelekanga kwisityalo kunye nokubunjwa kwayo. I-Camellia inokuqhakaza ebusika, ngelixa iqondo lokushisa aligqithisi ama-12 degrees. Isiqhamo sesityalo side ixesha elide - ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu. Enye inentyantyambo ingapheli kwiiveki ezi-4. I-Camellia, ekhulile njengenkcubeko yenkcubeko, iyahlukana namaxesha amabini okukhula kwayo. Ukususela ngoFebhuwari amahlumela amatsha aqala ukuboshwa, kwaye kwiintsuku zasehlobo ziveliswa. Baza kuqala ukukhula emva kokugquma-kwiinyanga zentwasahlobo zonyaka ozayo.
Camellia: ushiye.
I-Camellia - iintyatyambo ezifuna ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kodwa zahlukana. Kungcono ukukhula kwiifestile ezivela empuma nasempumalanga. Ukuba ibhokhwe ifakwa kwiwindow eseningizimu, i-camellia kufuneka ifakwe emthunzini ekukhanyeni ngqo. Ngasentla, isityalo asikho ukukhanya okwaneleyo, kwaye asiyi kukwazi ukukhula ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukuze ugweme uhlangothi olulodwa lwesithsaba, isityalo kufuneka ngezinye iindawo sitshintshwe. Kodwa oku akunakwenziwa xa inkqubo yokuqhuma iqhubeka. Ukuba uphazamisa i-camellia ngeli nqanaba, liyakunqumla iifom. Ehlobo, i-camellia kufuneka ifakwe emoyeni, kodwa indawo kufuneka ikhuselwe kwi-sun exposure.
Izityalo zolu hlobo kwihlobo nasehlobo zikhetha ukushisa kwama-20-25 degrees. Ukuqala ukuhlakulela imbali yeentyatyambo, urhulumente weqondo lokushisa akufanele awele phantsi kwe-21 gr. Ngokumalunga nexesha lokuvuna (ngoDisemba-Febhuwari), iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe ngama-10 degrees. Kodwa ukuba iphakamileyo, i-camellia iya kuhluma phambili, kodwa iintyatyambo ziya kulahlekelwa umgangatho, kodwa iifuno ziyakwazi ukuwa. Usuku olunokukhanya olufutshane kunye nobushushu bee-degrees eziyi-8 - kungeyena umqobo ekubekeni kweentyatyambo zeentyatyambo. I-Camellia iyimfuneko ukuba umoya omtsha uqhube rhoqo.
Ehlobo, i-camellia ifanele ibe ngamanzi, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba asizalisi isityalo. Ebusika, xa umxholo wekhamela uya ebusweni obupholileyo, manzi ngobumnene, ukuze ugweme ukunqumla umgca. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, amaqabunga aya kuba mnyama, kwaye iifom ziya kuhla. Ukuba ude uomise umhlaba embizeni, isityalo siya kulahla amaqabunga. Kubi ukuba kukho i-calcium eninzi emanzini.
I-Camellia idinga ukunyusa okuphezulu emoyeni. Izityalo kufuneka zifefe rhoqo kwaye zibeke iiperesi kumatye amanzi okanye udongwe olwandisiweyo. Xa izityalo ziqhakaza, kufuneka zifakwe ngokucophelela, ukuze amanzi awele kwiifom.
Kanye kwiintsuku ezingama-21 i-camellia kufuneka ifutywe ngamaconeriti (1glitre).
Ukuze isityalo sibe nenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokubunjwa kwezintso, i-hour-hour light regime kunye neqondo lokushisa ngama-degrees angama-20 kufuneka. Ukuba isityalo sisebumnyameni kunye namaqondo okushisa aphantsi, iifuno zeentyatyambo aziyi kubeka.
Xa kuqhutywa ngoDisemba, i-camellia kufuneka igcinwe kwiqondo elibushushu lama-10 degrees. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu, ukukhawuleza kwembali kungase kwenzeke, okuya kubachaphazela kakubi ubuhle beentyantyambo kunye nobukhulu babo. Uhlahlo luyakwazi ukuwa. Ngesizathu esifanayo, musa ukuhambisa isityalo kwenye indawo ngeli xesha.
Ngethuba lokusukela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kwiintsuku zokuqala zikaNovemba, kubalulekile ukucoca ezinye izihluthulelo ukwenzela ukuba kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwama-axillary buds of the plant.
Isityalo esincinane kufuneka sitshalwe rhoqo ngonyaka. I-Camellia, ehluma minyaka yonke, kufuneka ifakwe kwisinye ibhobho kanye emva kweminyaka emibini. Yenza oku entwasahlobo. Iiphakamiso kwiifom kufuneka zikhutshwe ukwenzela ukuba isityalo siqale ukutsala ngokutsha. I-camellias, umhlaba onyuke kwinqanaba le-asidi (ukuya kwi-5) iyadingeka.
Ukuba uthelekisa i-camellia kunye nezinye izityalo eziphantsi komhlaba, i-camellia inamakhono akhethekileyo okukhula kunye nokuziva kakuhle kwihlabathi le-acid type (pH - ngaphantsi kwe-4). I-substrate yesityalo ingaqulunqwa nge-turf (1h.), I-Peat (2h), i-heath (2h) iintlobo zomhlaba kunye nenxalenye yesihlabathi. Izityalo ezingaphandle ezikhulayo kwizibhabhane kufuneka zitshintshwe ngaphantsi, kodwa umhlaba kufuneka uchithe ngokukhawuleza. Kwinqanaba kufuneka lilungiswe kakuhle amanzi.
Ukuzaliswa kwekamela.
- Imbewu emitsha;
- Ukusika.
Xa zisasazwa ngembewu, kufuneka zihlwayelwe kwiiphothi eziphantsi (ukuya kwi-7 cm), kwaye ke, ngokubonakala kweqabunga lesibili, -ngena kwi-pot enkulu.
Ukuba injongo kukukhula kweentlobo zezityalo, ngoko kufuneka ipapashwe ngokunqunyulwa, kuba ukuphindaphinda imbewu kufumaneka zonke iimpawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Abagadi bezolimo balinganiswa ne-varietal camellias, ngoko bahlala besasazwa ngoncedo lwezicucu.
Ukusasazeka kweentlobo zokuhlobisa i-camellia, kuthatyathwa izicucu, ezingakhange zifumane ixesha lokukhula, zi-apical. Ubude bawo bube malunga no-8 cm, ubushushu bomhlaba - i-degrees ezingama-24. Ziye zaziselwa kwikrekethi ngoJulayi noJanuwari. Umhlaba ukucutheka kufuneka uquke isanti, i-peat (inxalenye). Iinqununu kufuneka zibe namaqabunga ama-5 aphuhlisiwe. Ukucoca kufuneka kuthathe ingcambu kwiinyanga ezimbini. Zifanele zifakwe kwaye ziphuze. Ngaphambi kokutyala, banikwe ixesha elide lokuqothula kwabo, banokugutywa kwisisombululo se-heteroauxin. Xa iinqunyiwe zigxilwe, kufuneka zityalwe kwiiphothi, zifike kwi-7 cm ephakamileyo. Umhlaba kufuneka uquke isanti, i-leaf leaf, i-sod, i-peat. Isitofu kufuneka senziwe kwiimbewu zonyaka okanye zezonnial, kwaye zinokuthi zenziwe kwiinqununu ezisele zenziwe. Ukuxilisa kufuneka kube luninzi, kwaye ke, ukuvuthwa kweenkuni, ukuncityiswa ngokukhawuleza.
Iintlobo ezingathathi iingcambu kufuneka zandiswe ngokuhlanganiswa. Yenza oku ngoJanuwari ngoncedo lweentso eziphuhlisiwe ukusuka phezulu kweentlobo. Iigonya kufuneka zigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa kwama-20 degrees. Kufuneka zihlume ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Izityalo ezincinci zekamela kufuneka zixutywe, zifefe, zi-pritenyate, zinqunywe amahlumela angaphezulu. Ngomnyaka wesibini, i-camellias kufuneka ifakwe kwiibhotile, ukuya kwi-11 cm high.
Xa unyaka wesithathu weenkcubeko uza, isityalo kufuneka sitshintshwe zibe yimbiza, ukuya kuma-14 centimeters high. Kule meko, umhlaba kufuneka uqulunqwe i-sod, i-peat, ishidi, iintlobo zeentlobo (ezimbini iingxenye nganye) kunye nesanti enye inxalenye.
Isityalo singonakalisa isicangci, esingaphathwa ngoncedo lwamalungiselelo alungiselelwe.