Isicatshulwa senziwa kwiileta zokuqala zokutheleleka: I - T - toxoplasmosis, O - nezinye izifo, uR - (rubella), i - C - cytomegalovirus, i - H - herpes simplex virus. "Enye" ifaka izifo ezifana ne-hepatitis B ne-C, i-syphilis, i-chlamydia, isifo se-gonococcal, isifo se-pervovirus, i-listeriosis, i-HIV, inkukhu yenkukhu kunye ne-enterovirus. Zibeka ingongoma ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njengoko zinokuchaphazela kakubi umntwana, zikhokelela ekungabikho komntwana, ukukhulelwa komzimba, ukuzalwa komntwana okanye ubunzima obubi besana. Kodwa musa ukwesaba kwangaphambili. Izifundo ezifike ngexesha kunye nolwazi olunzulu olupheleleyo luya kunceda ukugcina imeko ilawulwa. Ngoko, yintoni ingozi yangempela, kwaye yintoni eyoyikiyo nje?
Iziphumo zokuvavanya ezifanelekileyo zihlala zibonisa ukuba kukho ukusuleleka kunye nengozi kumntwana.
I-titter efanelekileyo ekuhlalutheni ithetha kuphela ukuba ibhinqa isandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane, okanye sele isifo kwaye ikhuselekile kuyo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo yonke into: umzimba womama uye wavelisa izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo ezinokumelana nezifo eziyingozi, ziya kukukhusela ngokuqinisekileyo zombini kunye nosana kwaye aziyi kuvumela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Ingozi yodwa isigaba esiyingozi sesi sifo, xa isifo sentsholongwane senzeke ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye usulelo luyakwazi ukungena kwi-placenta, obangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane.
Ubuninzi bezonyango eziyingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabasetyhini akusoloko bungozi kumntwana kwaye akusoloko kukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.
Ukuba ibhinqa liphela, ummeli kuphela wesithintelo, i-arhente ebangela ukuba ayikwazi ukungena kumntwana kwaye ngandlela-thile ichaphazela imeko yakhe. Isigaba sesifo esingapheliyo sinobungozi, kuba singakhula sibe yinto enzima, kodwa oku akusoloko kwenzeka. Kule meko, ugqirha uya kuqesha umfazi wesifundo esongeziweyo, iziphumo zazo ziya kwenziwa unyango. Kwaye kwanexesha eliyingozi kakhulu kwisigaba esiqatha sesi sifo, amathuba okuba umntwana uya kubandezeleka akukona.
Usulelo oluphindaphindiweyo kunye nezifo eziyingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa akunakwenzeka.
Kukho ngokwenene izifo, ezingenakuphinda ziphindwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ebuntwaneni ibhinqa yayine rubella, umzimba wakhe wawunomngcipheko ongunaphakade kwesi sifo. Kodwa ezinye iintsholongwane zinokusebenza emzimbeni kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo akufanelekanga ukukhathazeka - akukho nto yenzelwe umntwana ozayo. Ngethuba lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, umzimba uvelisa i-antibodies ethile-kwiklasi ye-G immunoglobulins, enekhono eliphezulu lokubopha i-agent echaphazelayo. Ngoko nge-placenta okanye kumanzi omntwana, intsholongwane ayifuni kwi-fetus.
Usulelo olusenyakatho alunakuyingozi kumntwana - emva koko, zonke izitho sele zenziwe.
Usulelo lwe-TORCH-infections oluyingozi luyingozi ngexesha lonke lokukhulelwa. Iimpazamo ezibi kakhulu zentsholongwane ye-fetus, eqinisweni, ngethuba lekota yokuqala, kodwa kwiiveki ezidlulileyo ezili-12 ubuninzi begciwane lesifo esivela kumama ukuya kwintsana luyandisa ininzi. Kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekuvukeleni kwezitho zeenkunzi ezahlukeneyo nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Phantse njalo i-system ye-nervous ishicilelwe kwiimilinganiselo ezihlukeneyo.
Ekubeni i-toxoplasmosis "isifo sekati", sinokusuleleka kuphela kwiikati. Umthombo oyintloko wesi sifo, eneneni, iikati, ngokukodwa ukuhamba esitratweni, njengoko uphuhliso lwe-toxoplasm lwenzeka emzimbeni wekati. Nangona kunjalo, ngezilwanyana, izilwanyana zethu zinika i-intracellular parasite indawo yangaphandle, kunye nezinye izilwanyana kunye neentaka zitheleleka kalula. Bona ngokwabo abahluleli i-toxoplasm, kodwa umntu unokusuleleka nge-nyama eluhlaza (ngakumbi inyama yenkukhu). Kwakhona, ukusuleleka kunokwenzeka ngokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo kwesikhumba kunye namanzi okanye umhlaba apho babekade bekhona - i-toxoplasm inokuqhubeka iminyaka! Yingakho isifo ngokuqhelekileyo "sithathwa" kwi-sandbox yabantwana.
Ukufumanisa ukuba uninzi lwezifo ezithintela i-itch-complex liza kuhlalutya kuphela. Phantse zonke ezi zifo ziyakwazi, kwaye lona wesifazane akakwazi ukuqikelela ukuba ufumene kwakhona. Okanye iimpawu zingabonakala ngokukhawuleza, kwinqanaba elibi lesifo. Yingakho kubaluleke nakwixesha lokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa ukuthatha uvavanyo lwegazi ngentsholongwane. Ngobukho kunye nokugxininiswa kwiplasi ye-serum immunoglobulins ye-A, G no-M inokumisela ubungqina besifo kwibafazi kunye nefomu layo. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, uhlalutyo lunconywa ukuba luphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwenzela ukuba ungabandakanyi usulelo oluphambili ngeli xesha elibalulekileyo.
Ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kweesibhakabhaka akukho nto-okanye ugula, okanye kungabi. Kakade ke, izifo ezisijikelezile kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa kunjalo, unokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
Ngenxa yoko, okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukugcina imithetho elula yokucoceka kobomi: hlamba izandla emva kokudibanisa nomhlaba kunye nenyama eluhlaza, kwaye unakekele izilwanyana kuphela ngeiglavu. Xa ulungiselela ukutya, ukutya kufuneka kuphethwe ngokutsha, ubisi kufuneka lukhethwe kuphela. Ukusuka kwezinye izifo, umzekelo i-rubella, kungcono ukuba ugonywe kwisigaba sokucwangcisa ukukhulelwa (kwimeko apho uhlalutyo alubonakali khona phambi kwamagciwane). Kwaye ke, kufuneka sibaleke ukunxibelelana nabantu abesele basuleleke kwizifo zesitampu.
Indlela yokufunda uvavanyo:
Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukuba usulelo lwesitampu-bunzima lukhona emzimbeni, nokuba ingaba umama ozayo unokuzikhusela kwezi zifo. Oku kunokumiselwa kubukho be-immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) kwi-serum yegazi. Ziyabonakala emzimbeni kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zesifo. Xa ukhuseleko oluphambili lwandisa izinga le-IgM. Emva kwexesha elithile (ukususela ngeveki ukuya kwinyanga), ukuxilongwa kwabo kuqala ukuwa, kodwa le nkqubo ingathatha ixesha elide, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu kwizifundo ze-IgG, ezibonakala kamva kwaye ekugqibeleni ziba zibonakala zibonakala-ukukwazi ukubopha i-agent. I-IgA ibonakala kwiseva emva koko kwaye ibonisa nesigaba esibi sesifo. Kwixesha elizayo, inani le-IgM ne-IgA lancipha kancane kancane, kwaye ngenxa yoko, i-IgG kuphela ihlala.
Ngaloo ndlela , ukuba uhlalutyo lubonakalisa IgG kuphela kwigazi ngexabiso elincinci, kuthetha ukuba lona wesifazane wayenesi sifo kwaye unokuzikhusela kuye, okanye usandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa nentsholongwane. Inani elinyukayo le-IgG libonisa ukuba isifo esidlulileyo esidlulileyo sidlulile kwisigaba esiqatha. Kule meko, kucetyiswa emva kwexesha ukuphindaphinda uhlalutyo: ukuba i-IgM ibonakala egazini, loo mfazi uphinde abe negalelo, kodwa unobungozi kwintsana ezayo akunakwenzeka. Ukuba i-IgG ne-IgM ifumaneka ngexesha elifanayo, okanye iimvavanyo zibonisa kuphela ubukho be-IgM, oku kungabonisa kokubili isifo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kunye nesifo sele sele sisenkqubo. Kule meko kukucetyiswa ukuba wenze iziphumo ezongezelelweyo ezichongileyo ukuba zibonise kangakanani ixesha le-antibodies ebonakalayo emzimbeni.