Ikhalenda ye-Obstetric.
Ikhalenda ye-midwifery ekumiseni ixesha lokuthoba liqala ngosuku lokuqala lokuhamba kwesithandathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchumisa kweqanda kule mzuzu akunakwenzeka, njengoko kuqale ukuvuthwa. Ukutshala kweqanda kwenzeka ngexesha le-ovulation (ukukhululwa kwe-ovum ezivela kuma-ovari), malunga neeveki ezimbini emva kokuphela komjikelezo wesini (kubomama abaninzi ukujikeleza kokuya esikhathini, kwaye mhlawumbi kungaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu). Ngethuba le-ovulation, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka-ukucwiliswa kweeseli kunye nesilwane sesilwanyana. Ngoko ke, ixesha lokukhulelwa lidla ngokuqala iiveki ezimbini emva kwexesha elibekwa ngumgqirha-gynecologist.
Ukukhulelwa kwikhalenda yombelethi ihlukaniswe ngeeveki, iinyanga kunye ne-trimester. Ngeveki yeentsuku ezi-7, ngenyanga yeeveki ezi-4, okanye iintsuku ezingama-28. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha iiveki ezingama-40, ezi ziinyanga ezili-10 ezithintekayo. Ubungakanani bexesha lokukhulelwa lihlukaniswe ngama-trimesters: owokuqala - ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-0 ukuya kwe-12; okwesibini - ukususela kwiiveki ezi-13 ukuya kuma-24, okwesithathu - ukususela kuma-25 ukuya kuma-40 kwiiveki. I-trimester nganye ibonakalisa iimpawu zayo.
- I-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa (ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-0 ukuya kwezi-12).
I-trimester yokuqala ibonakaliswe ngenguqu kwimvelaphi ye-hormonal yowesifazane. Umzimba womfazi uqala ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa kunye nokugcinwa kwawo, inani elikhulu leprogesterone, i-hormone yesini esetyhini, iqalisa ukukhishwa. Le hormone inceda ukunciphisa inani leempazamo (izicubu ezithambileyo) zesisu ukuze ukhusele umntwana. Kwaye ekubeni izicubu ezithambileyo zifumaneka kwezinye izitho, ukuphazamiseka kwezihlunu ze-muscle kubonakala kuzo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi wegastrointestinal tract, i-metabolism iba nzima kakhulu, ukutya kubambezeleka emzimbeni. Oku kuholele kwisicongconi, ukuhlanza, ukuguquka nokugqithisa. Kwakhona, ukubonakala kweemvakalelo ezinjalo ezingathandeki kunokwenziwa ngethoni eyongeziweyo yentsholongwane yesisu. Uhamba ukusuka kwingqondo kwaye uyakuvimbela umsebenzi wegciwane lesisu. Zonke iimpawu ezingathandekiyo ezifumaneka kule gama zibizwa ngokuba yi-toxicosis yokuqala.
Kule ntathu yokuqala, i-placenta iqala ukwenza. I-placenta ikhusela loo mfazi kwimithwalo esuka kumfetabolism we-fetal. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokubunjwa kwayo, kudlula i-toxicosis yokuqala.
Kwi-trimester yokuqala, ibhinqa kufuneka ibhalise kunye nesigqirha-gynecologist. Oku kuya kunceda ukufumanisa ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kunye nobukho bezifo ezinokwenzeka ukuba zinyango (ukusuleleka, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kunye nabanye).
- I-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa (ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-13 ukuya kuma-24).
Kule ngqungquthela, uphando oluninzi lwenziwa oluhlobene nophuhliso kunye nempilo yomntwana. I-ultrasound (ultrasound) eyenziwa, ebonisa imeko yesisu (ubukhulu bayo nobude). Kwakhona ibonisa imeko ye-amniotic fluid, i membranes ye-fetal kunye nezwi le-uterus. Ukuhlaziywa kwamahomoni kwenziwa. Kule thumitha, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa izifo ezifa kunye ne-chromosomal (ezifana nesifo se-Down), kunye neendlela ezimbi.
Iingxaki kwi-trimester zinokudibana nokusilela kwe-oxygen (fetal hypoxia), ngokuqhelekileyo umntwana uqala ukuphendula kuyo. Umlinge wokunyakaza kwakhe kuguquka, ubude beentliziyo, i-hiccups ivela. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kwintsimbi ye-anemia, ukuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokuphuma kwesisu ngokukhawuleza.
Xa uchonga i-hypoxia, ngenxa yocwaningo, unyango olukhethekileyo lunqunywe, oluquka ukuphefumula kwe-gymnastics. Unyango olunjalo luyimfuneko ngokukodwa kwi-trimester yesibili, njengoko ingqondo yesisu ikhula ngokunyanisekileyo.
Kule thumitha, ukubunjwa kwe-placenta kuphelile, i-toxicosis yamandulo iyanyamalala, kwaye akukho bukhulu kunye nokuphefumula kokuphefumula kwi-trimester yesithathu. Umfazi uqala ukuziziva engcono. Unesithuba esithile kwimicimbi yakhe kunye naye, kwaye ubukeka ngcono ngaphezu kokukhulelwa.
I-trimester yesibili yithuba elifanelekileyo kakhulu lokuqala ukuya kwiinkalo zabazali abatsha. Kwizinto ezinjalo, ubaba womntwana unokuba khona, ngubani oza kuhamba ngomzuzu wokuqala wokuzalwa uya kunceda ukukhulelwa: ngeli xesha, ubukho bomntwana wengane buya rhoqo xa bebeletha. Kule thumitha, kuyafaneleka ukuhlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwikhaya lokubeleka.
- Okwesithathu intathumitha yokukhulelwa (ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-25 ukuya kuma-40).
Ukuqala kwekota yesithathu kuzolile, kodwa njengoko umntwana ekhula, umthwalo kwizitho ukwandisa. Uxinzelelo kwi-diaphragm kunye nentliziyo ikhula, ukuphefumula kufutshane. Abasetyhini abaninzi banokuphazamiseka ngokuzibamba, ukugubha, ukugubha, kunye nokuvuthwa rhoqo. Ukwandisa umthwalo kwi-back back and legs. Kukho i-varicose veins, intlungu kwi-back back.
Kwi-trimester yesithathu, ibhinqa kufuneka ihlawule ingqalelo ngokukodwa kwisondlo esifanelekileyo, kwaye ilinganise umyalelo wokusebenza nokuphumla okuhle. Kukulungele ukulandela ukuhamba kwesikhashana kwaye ukhethe i-comfortable comfortable pose for sleep. Ukuba ulandela le mithetho, unokuphepha ukukhathazeka nentlungu.
Xa kukho iimpawu zokuzala, kufuneka uhlalise uze uye esibhedlele.