I-Ptyres iyimiba engapheliyo. Iintlobo eziphantsi komhlaba zifikelela kwi-2.5 m ukuphakama, zibe ne-rhizome emfutshane, igubuzwe ngeenwele okanye isikali. Amaqabunga ama-ferns ahlambulukileyo okanye ahlukeneyo, angaba neenwele okanye i-glabrous, i-leathery, elastic. I-Sporangia isecaleni eliphambene namagqabi kwaye lifumaneka ngapha nangapha.
Ukuzalisa i-pteris eyenziwa kwintsimi yezolimo, kunye nenkxaso ekuqoqweni kwintsimi yezityalo. Ziyasetyenziswa kwi-phytodesign yeendawo zangaphakathi kunye neeholide zasebusika, zikhulile kwiimeko zegumbi.
Umhluzi ptersa unamachiza. Ngenxa yokunceda ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi, unyamezele isifuba esifubeni, isicelo se-hepatitis, isifo segazi, isifo sokukhupha kunye nokutyhefuza neekhemikhali. Esebenzisa kakhulu umhluzi ptersa e-China, apho baphathwa khona ngeenwele kunye neziqhumane. Ijusi yeLeaf isetyenziselwa iimbungu.
Imithetho yokunyamekela.
Ukukhanyisa. Izimbali ze-pteris zihlala zithanda ukukhanya okugqithisileyo, kodwa zisoyika ngokukhanya kwelanga. Indawo efanelekileyo yokubeka kuyo iifestile ezisentshonalanga neempuma. Xa kwenzeka ukukhupha i-pteris kwiwindow eseningizimu, kufuneka uyihambise kude kwiwindow okanye usebenzise ukukhanya kunye nephepha elijikelezayo okanye i-gauze.
Ehlotyeni kunconywa ukuthatha isityalo kwi-balconi okanye kwintsimi, kodwa khumbula ukuba kufuneka ikhuselwe kwi-sun, iifriji kunye nemvula. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukubeka ipteris emoyeni ovulekile, igumbi kufuneka liphuculise umoya.
Ubusika kubalulekile ukunika isityalo esihle ukukhanya. Ukukhanyisa okongeziweyo, sebenzisa izibani zokukhanyisa, ukufakela ngaphezu kwesi sityalo kungabikho ngaphezu kwe-50-60 cm, ubude beeyure eziyi-7 ukuya kwemihla. Ekwindla nasebusika, kufuneka uvuselele igumbi, kodwa qaphela iifom.
Ulawulo lokushisa. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokukhula kakuhle kwe-pterytas kwixesha elifudumele li-20 ° C. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu lingaphezu kwe-24 ° C, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama okukhulu. Ngexesha elibandayo lonyaka, udidi lweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu li-14-17 ° C. Amabanga ngamaqabunga aluhlaza akufanele agcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-12 ° C, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingaphantsi kwe-15 ° C. Zonke iifern ziyikrokra. Umoya ofudumele kakhulu uphinde uxhatshaze i-fern, ngoko ungayifaki ecaleni kweebhetri zokufudumala.
Ukunisela. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni kuyimfuneko ukunisa iintyatyambo ze-pteris ngokubanzi njengoko isalathisi esiphezulu se-substrate. Ebusika, ukuthambisa kuyamodareyitha. Emva kokuba ungqongqo ophezulu we-substrate umile, phakamisa ukutyilisa iintsuku ezi-1-2. Ukunceda kuyimfuneko ngamanzi athambileyo, ngaphandle kwelame. Ungagxininisi kwaye ungagqithisi i-substrate, umhlaba kufuneka uhlale unomanzi.
Ukuthotywa komoya. I-Pteris ziintyatyambo ezithandayo. Kunconywa ukuba uphefise kuwo wonke unyaka. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa ukuma okanye nokuba amanzi ococekileyo. Ukuba igumbi lomoya omile, ngoko kufuneka ufeze i-fern ubuncinane ama-1-2 ngamaxesha ngosuku. Ukwandisa umswakama, unokubeka ibhokhwe kwi-pallet ene-claydite emanzi, i-moss okanye iiflegi. Qaphela ukuba phantsi kwebhodi akufanele kufinyelele emanzini.
Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ufanele uhlambe isityalo ngehahla ukuze uhlambulule uthuli, ulungele i-wai. Nangona kunjalo, ngethuba elithi "ukugubungela" kufuneka uvale ibhodlo ngepakethi ukuze ugweme ukufumana amanzi kwisigcawu.
Akukhuthazwa ukuba kusetyenziswe nayiphi na imiqulatho yokubonakala kwesaqabunga kumaqabunga e-fern.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Njengoko isalathisi esiphezulu sokugcoba isilwanyana sisetyenziselwa izityalo zokugcoba. Unokwenza njalo kwiiveki ezimbini ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya ekupheleni kukaAgasti. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka unciphise i-dose ephindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa nomenzi ocebisiweyo. Ekwindla nasebusika, musa ukucebisa ukuba usondle.
Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo. Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kubekho xa kunesidingo, xa iingcambu ze-pterytis zizalisa ibhokhwe. Umhlaba kufuneka ukhethwe ngendlela engathathi hlangothi okanye i-acid acid reaction. I-substrate efanelekileyo ngumxube ngokulinganayo kwama-turf, amaqabunga, i-peat, humus nesihlabathi. Khetha ibhokhwe kwi-shallow, kodwa ebanzi, phantsi kwayo, qinisekisa ukuba kukho imithombo emihle. Amaqabunga anomileyo kunye aphuhliweyo e-fern ayanqunyulwa xa kuthengiswa.
Ngamanye amaxesha emva kokufakelwa, ezi ntyatyambo zangaphakathi ziqala ukuma. Kule meko, kucetyiswa ukuba unqunyulwe onke amahlumela, gcobhoza ibhodi emanzini kwiqondo lokushisa kwelanga lonke. Kwaye ngokunkcenkceshela rhoqo kweengcambu, iintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, amaqabunga amancinane aya kubonakala.
Ukuzaliswa. I-ptyris ivelisa izityalo (ngokuhlula ihlathi) kunye ne-spores.
I-Pteris isoloko ivelisa, ihlwayela i-spores ukusuka kwi-sporangia ngoMatshi. Bahluma ngo-13 ° C.
Iimpawu ezintsha ze-fern zingahlukaniswa ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwesityalo esikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, akukhuthazwa ukuba ukwahlula kakhulu. Khumbula ukuba iindawo zokukhula zepteris zingaphantsi komhlaba, ngoko kufuneka uhlawule ngokucokisekileyo ukuze ungaphambuki. Ngaphandle koko, uya kulahla inxalenye yerhizome ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhula, kodwa ngee-wigs.
Iingxaki zokulima.
Ukuba amaqabunga aphendulela aphuzi kwaye amabala obunqabileyo abonakala kubo, ngoko iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu kwi-pterisa. Xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukunyuka kwegumbi kufuneka kwandiswe. Umfanekiso ofanayo uhlolwe ngokunkcenkceshela ngokungenasiphelo. Amabala aseBrown ayibonakaliso lokutshisa ilanga.
Ukuba amaqabunga aphendulela, kwaye ukukhula kwesi sityalo kuphuculwa, ngoko ke isizathu esinokubangela ukunyuka kwamanzi kumgangatho okanye ubeka umnqwanqwa eduze kwenkqubo yokufudumeza.
Ukuba amaqabunga e-fern sele aphelile, aguquke kwaye ahlambulukile, oku kuthetha ngokunyaniseka okukhulu.
Ukuba amaqabunga aphendukile okwesibhakabhaka, aguqulwe, aphihliwe kwaye aqala ukuwa, kuthetha ukuba igumbi liphantsi kakhulu lokushisa, okwenziwa ngamanzi abandayo okanye ama-fern akhathazekile ngokuqulunqa. Esinye isizathu sinokuthambisa ngamanzi achlorityiweyo, okuthiwa yi-chlorosis.
Iintlanzi ze-ptersis zixhamla kunye nezihlunu.