Imbali yesitayela saseJamani .
Imbali yesimboli saseJamani yaqala phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX. Abaculi baseJamani naseAstriya, bezama ukuvuselela isitalelo se "Ubukhosi", ukuxuba isitayela se "troubadour" kunye neengxenye ze "Gothic" zakha isitayela se "Biedermeier." Imvelaphi yesitayela idibene ne-Vienna Congress ye-1815: imfazwe iphelile, kwaye abantu bafuna ukubuyela ekuhlaleni, ngokuzithoba, ubomi obulinganisiweyo. Amadoda abuyela ekhaya avela phambili, kwaye iYurophu yachithwa ngumtshato womtshato kunye nokuzalwa kwabantwana. Le yayiyixesha lokuvuselelwa kwinqanaba eliphakathi kunye nelo xesha le-bourgeoisie. Ngaphandle kwefashoni kufika amahholo kunye nemifanekiso yamagorha antique kunye neegalari zemifanekiso kunye nezifundo zeBhayibhile - zonke iziqhayiya kunye ne-pathos.
Ubume obuphambili bendawo yangaphakathi .
Isitayela se "Biedermeier" sinokufaneleka kwiindawo zokuhlala, kwaye kungekhona indawo yokuhlala. Endaweni yesithuba esikhulu siza kufakwa eziphantsi, iifenitshala ezincinci, iphepha lodonga kwientyatyambo, iingubo ezifudumeleyo. Ugxininiso oluphambili kwi-sofa malunga nayo yonke into eyakhiweyo: itafile ye-oval, izitulo ezimbini, iincwadi kunye ne-wardrobe, isisu somntwana - ifenitshala efana nale ndlela. Ngomhlobiso wendlu yelo xesha ifenitshala enzima, ukukhwa kwe-stucco, iifestile ezigcobileyo, iiflethi, i-porcelain kunye nebhedu. I-interiors yayidityaniswe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zempahla kunye nefenitshala enobucayi, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi "bug renaissance".
Ukukhanyisa kwaye akukho nto engabonakaliyo.
Iziseko zendlela yesimanje yesiJalimane zibekwe kwii-thirties zenkulungwane yokugqibela ngumdwebi kunye nomlondolozi weWalter Gropius kunye nabasebenzi beSikolo sobugcisa beBauhaus. UGropius wasebenza njengabadumileyo abadumileyo, njengoKandinsky, uKlee noFaininger. Ukukhanyela ngokupheleleyo ukulawulwa kweephilistine kunye ne-eclecticism kubumbene nabasebenzi baseBauhaus. Imisebenzi yabo yayijolise ekuphuhliseni imigaqo-jikelele yokusekwa kweefom ezithile, eziqhelekileyo zokwakha kunye nokuyila. Ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwakunamathele ekukhanyeni okuhle kunye nentuthuzelo enkulu yamagumbi amahle, ukudibanisa ngaphakathi kwimilo yejometri kunye neengqungquthela zezakhiwo. Ingcamango eyisiseko yesita saseJamani ayikho into engafanelekanga. Ukusebenza, i-constructivism, i-minimalism yimiqathango eyisiseko yomhlobiso wesintu waseJamani.
Ikhitshi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwisitayela saseJamani, okokuqala benza ikhikhiti. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ikhitshi ithathwa njengekhaya kunye nendawo engcwele kuyo yonke intsapho, mhlawumbi kuzo zonke iintlanga kunye neentlanga. Ingingqi yembali yeJamani yokutya iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo ekhethekileyo, uxoxwa kunye nentuthuzelo. Zonke izakhi zekhitshi zifumaneka kwizikhundla ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kunye neendawo zokuba umsikazi kwaye ngexesha elifanayo aziphazamisi nenye indlu. Idibanisa ngokuvisisana noyilo kunye nombala, kunye nokubonakala okumnandi. Ukuhlobisa kweendonga kunye nomgangatho, ukusetyenziswa kwelayili kunye nokukhanyisa kuqinisekisa ukuthuthuzelwa kwekhaya kunye nendawo enkulu.
Ingaphakathi kwigumbi lokuhlala kwisigxina saseJamani lubonakaliswe ngefenitshala enhle kumagumbi akhupheleyo, ukulungiswa kweendonga, amashalofu kunye neetafile kunye neefoto zentsapho, umyalelo opheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kuzo zonke izinto.
Ifenitshala.
Ukunqanda kunye neyinyaniso yokugcina ifanitshala ifanelana ngqo kwiindawo ezininzi zangaphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwendlela yesiJalimane kugcinwa ngokulinganisela ngokuthe ngqo, iifom, ukucacisa ngokucacileyo kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo. Isitayela saseJamani sibonakaliswe izihlalo ezizinzileyo kunye ne-sofas, kunye neengqungquthela kunye nezifuba zabadwebi. Yonke ifenitshala ifaneleke ngokusemandleni ekusebenzeni kwayo. Enye yeyokugqibela - ukutyekela kweendlela ezizakhelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neengqolowa zezihlalo zentonga, ezivumela ukuba zitshintshe zibe zikhundla ezahlukileyo.
Ukuyilwa kwegumbi lokulala ezindlini zaseJamani kubonakala ngokubonakala kwayo kulula kwaye i-laconism. Ifenitshala yenziwe ngesitayela esiqhelekileyo saseJamani. Ukukwazi ukudibanisa ngokucacileyo isikhala kunye nokwenza ukhangelelwano olupheleleyo lwegumbi lokulala ngaphakathi ligcinwa kuyo nayiphi na indlela eyahlukileyo yokuyilwa kweJamani. Isitala segumbi lokulala lijoliswe ekudaleni iimvakalelo ezintle kunye nokuphumla okufanelekileyo. Ifenitshala yenziwe ngamaplanga ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwanto nayiphi na izongezo, inembonakalo yemveli ebonakalayo, ebonakalayo.
Iintyatyambo.
Isitayela saseJamani saphakathi sisekelwe kwimimiselo eqhelekileyo, echaphazelekayo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni nasekuhlaleni, ukuphuhlisa iiklasi. Isebenzisa ubuncinci bezinto ezihlosekileyo-izibane, izikhumbuzo, izitampu kunye nezinye izinto, kodwa izinto ezifana neetafile kunye nemithwalo, iifestile kunye neefesti zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, ezivumela ukuguqula ingaphakathi elincinci kumbandela wemizuzu.
Iintyatyambo ziyinxalenye ehlosekayo yokuzonwabisa kwiphina yangaphakathi yaseJamani. Uyilo lusetyenziswanga nje ngeentyantyambo kwiivases, kodwa kunye nezityalo ezinobumba ezinobumba okanye izimbiza, ngokuqhelekileyo zifakwa kwifestile yendlu okanye indlu. Ukudibaniswa kweso elonwabisayo lobumnandi bemvelo kunye ne-German pragmatism liyamangalisa, kodwa lingazenza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwaye lubonisa uthando olukhulu kumbala.
Windows.
Ubaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yangaphakathi yesiJalimane inikwa kwimbono esuka kwiwindow, okukhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwintsimi efanelekileyo okanye kwi-cathedral yaseGothic. Kwizindlu zaseJamani kukho ukukhanya okukhulu kwaye basebenzisa onke amathuba ukuvumela indlu ibe likhulu ilanga. Eyaziwayo namhlanje, iifestile ezinkulu ephahleni lendlu yelizwe zenziwe ngamaJamani kuphela. Ngoku iifestile phezu kophahla lwendlu zingama-classics aseJamani.
Ingaphakathi lendlu okanye indlu, eyenziwa ngesitayela saseJamani, alufanelanga wonke umntu. Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuhambelana nezithethe zaseJamani zenziwe, umzekelo, iofisi kwindlu ye-eclectic. Kuya kuba yinto encinane "yekona yaseJamani".