Ngeentsilelo ezibiziweyo zeentso, umntwana akakwazi ukufeza kwaye uyafa kwiimpawu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ngelixa isisu esinokukhubazeka kakhulu sihlala sisaphila. Phantse i-10% yabantwana bazalwa benokukhubazeka okungathí sina kwenkqubo ye-genitourinary.
Ukuphuhliswa kweentso
Ukuphuhliswa kweengtso zengqondo yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ubusuku bokuqala (metanephrosis) bubekwe kwicala ngalinye kwicala le-pelvic. Emva koko, ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba eliphantsi lomntwana, ngalinye liqala ukunyuka kwalo ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela ekuhlaleni kuyo (ukufuduka) ngeli xesha lijikeleza i-axis yayo (ukujikeleza). Impembelelo ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa kokuqhubeka kweentso zakudala ukuxuba kwabo kunye neengcambu ze-ureters. Ukuphazamiseka kokufudukela okanye ukujikeleza kuseentliziyweni yezona zinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokukhubazeka kweengxaki. Ukongezelela, kwinkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iinkozo zokuqala kunye nokubunjwa kweentso ezinkulu.
Izifo ezingasebenzi
Iimpembelelo zeezintso zibonakaliswe ziimpawu ezintathu eziphambili:
• Isifo sinokuchaphazela inye okanye zombini izintso.
• Amaphulo amaninzi anokudibaniswa kwiintso enye.
• Ezinye izikhalazo azibonakalisi, kodwa iziphumo zezinto ezingathandekiyo, ezifana nokusuleleka, zenze igalelo lokufumana ingxaki. Kwimeko yokuhlukumeza okukhulu, ukungaphumeleli kwindlala kungakhula ngokukhawuleza okanye kungekudala emva kokuzalwa komntwana.
Ama-anomali zesimo seengso azikho phantsi kohlengahlengiso. Ezi ziquka:
• Intso ye-pelvic esele kwindawo ye-pelvic. Iqulunqwe ngenxa yokuphula umthetho wokufuduka kwinkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine. Uninzi lwale miphumo engabonakaliyo yinto engabonakaliyo.
• Ukulimala kweentso. Mhlawumbi kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo iinjongo ze-horseshoe. Inkqubo yokufuduka ingaqhelekanga.
• Iinjongo "ezinamazinyo" ngendlela yesimo esingenasiphelo, ubunzima be-clumpy obukuloo ndawo ye-pelvic. Yakhiwe ngexesha lokubambelela kweentso kunye nokuphulwa kokufuduka. Iinjongo ezinjalo ziyabangelwa zizibonakaliso zokugula.
• Ukuwela i-dystopia yeentso. Intso enye ikhona kwicala eliphambene, ngokubhekiselele kwenye intso.
• Intso yeTraracic. Ifumaneka kwisigodlo sesifuba, esinokudibaniswa nokuphulwa kophuhliso (i-septum ye-fiber-muscular ehlukanisa i-thoracic and stumity cavities). Oku kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, ukulungiswa kokucwangcisa okulukhuni kunzima.
• Ukuguga (ukungabikho kokuzalwa) kwezintso. Kuyabonakala, ukuba imbungu ayizange ibeke i-rudiment, apho izitho ze-urogenital zifanele ziphuhlise khona. I-agenesis ye-renal ehlambulukileyo ibangela ukufa kwe-embryo.
Ureter is a tube muscle apho umchamo ovela ezintsheni ugelela kwisitya. Kwimigangatho yokuqala yokuphuhliswa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuninzi ukuphazamiseka, okukhokelela ekuphazamiseni kwinqanaba lomchamo. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-fusion ye-ureteric primordia (inkqubo yokuqala yamanzi emininzi) kunye ne-mesonephros (intliziyo ye-embryonic primitive) iholele ekubanjweni kokuqhubela phambili kweentliziyo (i-aplasia). Kwezinye iimeko, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kuboniswa ngokubunjwa kwesakhiwo se-cystic (dysplasia) se-Aplasia kunye ne-renal dysplasia
Ulwahlulo lwabalandeli
Ovula ureteric iyakwazi ukuxhamla kunye nokuvelisa amanqwanqwa amanqamlezo angabonakaliyo athatyathwa ngapha nangapha. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukusulela ezi ziphumo ngokuphuhliswa kweentlungu zesifo. Olunye uhlobo oluthile lwe-anomaly luya kwenzeka xa iifom ezimbini zeenkqubo ezihamba phambili zikhula zibe yimbungu - kule meko, i-kidney iphindwe kabini. Ngamnye wabo unomphunga wakhe, ongena kwi-bladder ngokwakhe okanye udibanisa nomnye. Ukuxolisa inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi yeentso ihlala ihamba kunye neentlungu ngenxa yokuphosa umchamo ukusuka kwisiseko esiya kwi-kidney.
Inkohlakalo ye-septum yerethral
Ngenxa yentsholongwane yokuphuhlisa i-septum yerethral (phakathi kweengcambu zamalungu omzimba kunye ne-rectum), ngamanye amaxesha kunokwandiswa kwe-cystic yecandelo le-ureter elikhupha kwi-lumen ye-bladder-ireterocele. Iqondo elincinane le-ureterocele lwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo alibanga iingxaki. Ukwandiswa okubalulekileyo kunokuba yindawo yokwakhiwa kwamatye e-urinary. Ukuxinwa okubukhali kwesiqalo somngcipheko kubangela ukuphazamiseka. Ngokuqhelekileyo ureterocele, urne reflux, kunye neentsholongwane zezintso zidibaniswe kwisigulane esinye. Ukukhubazeka kwesifo sokubeleka kweengxenyana eziphantsi kwephepha lomchamo:
• iipaski zokuhamba emva kwexesha elide - ukwakheka kweefayile ezimbini zeembumba ze-urethra ze-urethra, ezikhokelela ekuphuleni ukuchama;
• i-hypospadias - uphuhliso olungaphelelanga lwe-urethra, apho kuvulwa kwayo kwangaphandle kuphezulu kwipenis okanye nakwi-scrotum, endaweni yokuvula entloko ye-penis.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo
• Ukugqithiswa kwesiphambathiso se-bladder sodonga lwangaphambili lwesango kunye nesodonga esiswini ngaphantsi kwendoda. Kule meko, ukukhubazeka kwepenisi, ukungabikho komzimba kwamathambo kwi-herth scrotum kunye ne-inguinal hernia, kunye nakumantombazana - ukucoca kwe-clitoris nayo iyaqwalaselwa.
• I-Cloaca exgrophy yisona siphene esinzulu apho kukho ukwahlula kwe-bladder ibe ngamacandelo amabini (kuyo yonke into engena kuyo) kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. Kunokwenzeka ukubandakanya intlungu encinci kunye ne-anus, kunye nokudibanisa kweempazamo kunye ne-hernia cerebrospinal hernia.
• I-Epispadia-defect of the wall above the urethra. Xa zidibaniswe ne-sphincter ye-bladder, isigulane sinokubandezeleka ngokungahambisani nokuvota. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokulungiswa kokukhubazeka kubaluleke kakhulu kwizigulana ezinobungozi bokuzalwa komntwana kunye nezinyosi. Imisebenzi iqhutyelwa kumaziko amakhulu akhethekileyo kunye namava amaninzi kunyango lweenkqubo ezingekho phantsi kwe-urrogenital kubantwana. Kwizandla ezinezakhono, ubuninzi bezinto ezingaqhelekanga zesilwanyana zingalungiswa ngempumelelo.