Ama-Orchids ziintyatyambo ezihle kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Kwaye baninzi kubo! Iindidi ezingaphezu kwamawaka ezili-100 kunye neentlobo. Umsululwazi waseJamani uAlexander Humboldt wambi wathi umculi obalaseleyo wobomi akwanele ukuthatha ulwahlulo lwale mibala yeengelosi. Khulisa ummangaliso onjalo ekhaya - iphupha labalimi abaninzi beentyatyambo zeentyatyambo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka? Ewe! Ngoko, iintyatyambo zangaphakathi ze-orchid kunye nokuzinakekela-isihloko sesincoko namhlanje.
KUNGABAKHONA, Khululuke
Kwixesha la mandulo, "iingelosi" ze-orchids zazingabonakali abantu. Kwakukho umzabalazo wobomi, kwaye ... badla. Ookhokho bethu bafumanisa ukuba i-orchis (i-orchid yaseYurophu) inezilimo ezihlambulukileyo ezingaphantsi komhlaba-abatsha nabadala. Kwaye kwabancinane-amandla amakhulu. Yenziwe ngemveliso yonyango kunye namandla. Amagorha e-Golden Horde ayesoloko ephethe amazambane ezomileyo kwi-knapsack: inhlamba encane yatshintsha isidlo sasemini kunye nesidlo. Iibhubhu, ezifana namathambo, kwaye zanikela igama kwintsapho. Kwiminyaka engama-300 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu, isiGrike uPhosphrastus sabiza i-orchis orchis (ukusuka kwi-Greek "orchis" - testicles). Kwaye namhlanje siyavuya ukutya iziqhamo ze-orchids. Ngokomzekelo, isiqhamo seVanilla sisigqabi esicacile. Kwaye eThailand nakweyiphi na imarike uya kufumana iinqununu zee-orchids ezixabisekileyo njenge-saladi. Ngoko imbono emva kombono uyanyamalala. Ngendlela, i-orchids esenyakatho ibalwe kwiBlack Red Book.
I-MAL GOLDEN ROAD NENDLELA
Ama-orchids ziintyatyambo ezizithandayo. Ngisho ne-cymbidiums, i-phalaenopsis kunye neenkomo zibiza imali eninzi. Oku kuchazwa yinkxalabo yokulima. Emva koko, phambi kweentyatyambo ze-orchid, kuya kuthatha malunga neminyaka emihlanu. Kwaye bathengisa, ngokusemthethweni, bakha. Ukupapashwa ngokuhlukana kwama-rhizomes, izilimo eziyizigaxa, izicucu, izihluthulelo ezisecaleni. Kule meko, kufumaneka izityalo ezimbini. Ngokuvelisa imbewu, kunokwenzeka ukuba akhulise umntu. Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa kubangela ukulahleka kunye nokuphazamiseka. Ukupapashwa kwama-orchids ezitshatyalaliswa yimbewu sele ifunde kungekudala. Ngowe-1909 isiFrentshi sasiqonda isizathu sokungaphumeleli. Kwavela ukuba ininzi ye-orchids ihluma phambi kwentsholongwane encinci, apho ezi ntyatyambo zihlala khona. Kodwa kukho izinto ezihlekisayo, ezichazwe ukususela kwinkulungwane ukuya kwinkulungwane. Ngoko, uWilliam Cattles, umthandi wokutshatyalaliswa kweengxowankulu, wafumana eBrazil ipapa kunye nezityalo ezitshatywayo ezifakwe emagqabini enqabileyo. Ushiya usosayensi waphonsa ikhonkco lokutshisa. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva koko ientyatyambo zobuhle obungakaze zivele ziqhakazile "kwilahla". Kwakuyi-orchid engaziwa eYurophu. Wabiza u-Cattleya.
Musa ukubiza ngabo
Kwiindawo zethu zokuhlala, iintyatyambo ze-orchid zangaphakathi azihlali, kodwa kunokuba zisinde: ezibandayo, ezomileyo, ezomnyama. Ukunyamekela kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezininzi zomhlaba, ezingenakunqweneleka kwaye zifuna ukukhanya, ubushushu, umswakama. Kodwa azinakubizwa ngokuba ngama-simpletons. Inyaniso kukuba i-orchids ayinayo imfuneko ehambelana nomxholo. Uhlobo ngalunye lufuna indlela ethile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-orchid inexesha lokuphumla. Ukuba ngethuba lokugubha kweentso ukuthobela iimfuno zalo, kuya kubulela ubuqaqawuli bezityalo.
I-Phalaenopsis yenye yee-orchids eziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi. Ngaphambili kwanikezwa ngamathoni amhlophe kunye obomvu, ngoku i-gamma ibanzi. Amanzi amaninzi, amaqabunga anamanzi. Baqokelela amanzi. Iimpepha ezingaphantsi kwama-degrees angama-16 kunzima ukunyamezela. Cima i-whisk edibeneyo.
I-Cymbidium kulula ukuyiqonda ngamaqabunga amancinci amade. Kwaye iifom zincinci zide zide. Umoya omanzi ukhethwa. Ngethuba lokuqhawula ifuna ukuhluka kweqondo lokushisa. Njengoko eli xesha liwela ihlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlale emoyeni ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba. Into ephambili kukuzisa ekhaya ngexesha.
Inkomo i ya hlukile. Kwezinye iintlobo, intyatyambo ifinyelela ku-30 cm. Inkabi, njengomthetho, inomlomo wombala ochaseneyo. Oku kunika i ntyatyambo into ekhethekileyo. Kudinga ukushisa ngaphandle kokutshintshwa, umswakama ophezulu. Kungcono ukugcina kwi-pallet ene-claydite emanzi. Ebusika, iqondo lokushisa kunye nomswakama linciphisa. Uthanda ukukhanya.
I-Cetoglina ininzi-ecaleni. Ngeentlobo ezingama-200. Ininzi edumileyo yinqaba ye-celinine: iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ezizaliswe nge-yawn ephuzi. Ngexesha lokuphumla, ukuthambisa kuncitshiswa. Musa ukugqithisa! Ehlotyeni kungcono ukuthatha umoya omtsha emthunzini. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi kwesithsaba somthi.
I-Dendrobium enegama layo ithi uyathanda ukukhula kwimithi. Epiphyte, njengama-orchids amaninzi. I-genus ephezulu kakhulu evela kwintsapho yama-orchids i-1500 yezilwanyana. Kukho izityalo ezimbini eziphakamileyo ukuphakama, kukho amancinci amancinci. Imfuno yazo zonke ihlukile. Uninzi emva kokuqhaqhabalalisa ukulahla amaqabunga, kwaye ngexesha lokuphumla badinga ukupholisa. Kodwa zikhona iziqhamo.
ULycasta ungomnye wee orchids ezimnandi kakhulu. Mhlawumbi kuba ababelethi basebenze kakuhle ngeli gama. Ubume beentyatyambo kunye nemibala imangalisa. Ubusika uhlahlela amaqabunga. Uthanda umoya omtsha, akawunyamezeli ukushisa.
I-Miltonius idla ngokuba yi-bottomes. Phakathi kwentyatyambo nganye imifanekiso ifana nesantya. Kudinga ukushisa okuthe ngqo kwimihla ngemihla. Ikhula ngomthunzi onobuhlanga.
Ipaphiopedilum - iVenerin iyisitye. Ngenxa yomlomo weengubo, eli hlobo lithathwa ngabaninzi ukuba babe "okwenene" orchids. Ngokungafani nezihlobo ze-epiphyte, izicathulo zizityalo zomhlaba. Kule qela kukho ezimbini iorchidi ezinkulu. Iintyatyambo zazo zifikelela kwiimitha ezili-1.5. Bathanda i-penumbra kwaye abayikunyamezela ukukhanya kwelanga.
Iimfuno ezinqamle zomhlaba - umxholo wazo zonke iintyatyambo ze-orchid zangaphakathi kwaye uzikhathalele ngenxa yolu lukhuni ngakumbi. Njengoko ezininzi zazo zi-epiphytes zondla i-oksijini, umhlaba kufuneka ube ngumnene kwaye ukhulule. I-substrate kufuneka ifakwe i-coarse grained (pieces of bark, isihlabathi esinyeneyo, i-peat fibrous, moss). I-epiphytes (i-phalaenopsis, i-cowya), "iresiphi" ingasetyenziselwa: iindawo ezintathu ze-cortex, izingxenye ezi-3 zekhoksi (enye ithathe indawo enye inxalenye ye-foam ephosiweyo), 1 inxalenye ye-sphagnum, 1 inxalenye yodongwe olubhaka, i-2 gram ye-lime nganye kwithayitha ye-substrate. I-orchids yomhlaba (i-Venin isihlangu), thabatha iindawo ezi-5 ze-bark (i-pine bark ibilisiwe, i-tar ekhululekile, i-grind), 1 inxalenye yamathala, i-1 part sphagnum, inxalenye ye-vermiculite, i-2 grams lime nganye nge-litter substrate.