I-Mandarin (i-Citrus reticulata) yowentsapho yama-rutae kwaye imithi encinane yomthi kunye namahlamvu aluhlaza. Yeka i-lanceolate yesikhumba. Isici esahlukileyo sinamaphiko amancinci afakwe kwi-petioles yamaqabunga amakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ukulindela ubomi kweqabunga ngalinye liyiminyaka emine. Ukuphakama komntu omdala wama-mandarin, kwixesha lekota yeshumi leminyaka, unokufikelela kwi-3.5 m. Ubukhulu obufanayo bufezekiswa ngumbumba we-mandarin owenziwe ububanzi. I-Citrus reticulata iintyatyambo zixhatshazo, ubukhulu obukhulu, buba nevumba elithozamisayo.
Iziqhamo ze-mandarin zenziwe ngamasebe amfutshane kwaye zibonakaliswe ngobungakanani obukhulu (malunga no-60-80 amagremu), i-flattened or slightly elongated shape, umbala oqaqambileyo, iphunga elimnandi kunye nokunandipha okuqabulayo, ukungabikho kwemigodi. Xa kuthelekiswa noluluneli, i-mandarin isondeza ngokulula kwi-pulp. Akukho bunzima ekuhlukaniseni inyama komnye nomnye.
Iintlobo zeengcango zangaphakathi
I-mandarin eqhelekileyo yintlobo ye-Unshiu engenambewu, ipapa ngokusondeza (ngeengcingo zomoya okanye izitofu). Amagqabi esityalo aphethe uphawu oluthile. Akukho xesha elibonakalayo lokuphumla kweli mandarin, ukuhlaziywa kwamagqabi kwenzeka kancinci kulo nyaka.
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo
Ukushisa nokukhanya. Isiphambili sokuphumelela ekuhlaleni ama-mandarin kukushisa. I-mandarin yangaphakathi isityalo ifuna ukuba zombini kunye nokufudumala. Ngoko ukushisa okuphezulu ukuvela kweefama, izimbali kunye nokuphumelela kweziqhamo zeziqhamo ziyi-15-18 ° C. Ebusika, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ubushushu beklasi ukuya kwi-12 ° C ngokukhanyisa kakuhle. Kwimigangatho ephezulu "yobusika" isityalo siphelile ukuzala izithelo.
Isityalo saseMandarin sithanda ukukhanya okuqhekekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elitshisayo zasehlotyeni kungcono ukufihla isityalo kwilanga elithe ngqo. Kuya kulungelelwa ukubekwa kwe-mandarin ngasentshonalanga okanye empumalanga yewindow.
Ukunisela. Ehlobo nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuyimfuneko ukunisela le ndlu ityala ngokubanzi ngamanzi afudumeleyo; Ebusika, ukuthambisa okulinganayo kwanele 1-2 ngeveki. Kubalulekile ukukhusela ukuma komhlaba ngethuba lebusika, oku kungakhokelela ekuwa kwexesha lesantya kweziqhamo kunye namaqabunga. Ukunisela okuninzi kuninzi kuya kutshabalalisa isityalo. Ukunciphisa inani lokunkcenkceshela ukususela ngo-Oktobha.
Ukongezelela, kwiinyanga zasehlobo ii-mandarins zifuna ukutshiza rhoqo. Inkqubo efanayo kufuneka iqhutywe kwimeko yomoya omile egumbini ebusika, ngaphandle koko isityalo sinabantu abahlaselwe yizinambuzane ezifana ne-scabbards kunye nezilwanyana.
Ukutshintshwa kwezityalo. Izityalo ezincinci kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye kuphela xa iingcambu zesityalo zihlanganiswe kakuhle ne-clay. Ukuba oku akukenzekanga, kunelungelo lokutshintsha iindawo zomhlaba eziphezulu kunye namanzi okuhambisa amanzi.
Imithi ye-fruiting yemidala iyafakwa ngokungafanekiyo-nbsp; kungekho ngaphezu kwe-1 kwi-2-3 iminyaka. Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kube phambi kokuqala kwexesha lokukhula, kwaye emva kokuphela kokukhula, oku akukhuthazwayo. I-clod yomhlaba akufanele ichithwe ngokupheleleyo xa isityalo sidluliselwa kwisitya esitsha. Qinisekisa ukuba i-collar yengcambu iphantse kumgangatho ofanayo kwizitya zakudala.
Ukubunjwa komhlaba ukuphakanyiswa kwezityalo ezincinci ze-mandarin: umhlaba oqabileyo, i-humus kwi-cow dung, i-turf nesihlabathi kwisilinganiso se-1: 1: 2: 1. Kwimeko yemimandla yabantu abadala baseMandarin, umlinganiselo wezakhi zomhlaba kufuneka utshintshwe - 1: 1: 3: 1 - kwaye wonge enye yobumba obuninzi.
Ukuzaliswa. IsiMandarin sisityalo esiye satshatyalaliswa ngokwemvelo, ngokuxhunyelelwa, ngokunqunyulwa kunye nokusika, okungafanekiyo yimbewu. Ekhaya, indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu iinqununu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ulungelelanise ngokupheleleyo isityalo kwiimeko zegumbi, kuyimfuneko ukuhlwayela imbewu kwaye uyikhule eklasini. Qaphela ukuba inkcaso ebabalayo yeziqhamo ibonakala kwigumbi lesityalo. Ukuze ugweme oku, kuyimfuneko ukondla isityalo ngokuchumisa ngoJuni-Julayi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa umxholo weshukela wesiqhamo. Imithi emidala idinga umanyolo ongakumbi, ingakumbi ukuba ingazange iguqulelwe ixesha elide. Ebusika, ama-mandarins kufuneka ahlonywe, kodwa oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqapha. Ezona zifanelekileyo zidibeneyo kunye nezichumisi eziququzelelweyo ezinjengeenkomo zenkomo.
Iingxaki ezikhethekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umhlaba wemithi emincinci ukhuthazwa ukuba ukhanyise, kwaye abantu abadala bayalinda. Inqanaba eliphezulu le-acidity lomhlaba ngu-6.5-7.
Musa ukutshintshisa isityalo ngelixesha leentyantyambo okanye ukuvelisa, oku kuya kukhokelela ekuhlahleni kwexesha elide ngaphambi kweentyantyambo kunye neziqhamo.
Kwimeko yokunqongophala kwezondlo emhlabeni, amaqabunga ama-mandarin abe amancinane, aphuzi kwaye aphewule ngokuwa; Iintyatyambo azibunjwa, iziqhamo - akukho. Emva koko kucetyiswa ukuba utshintshwe isityalo kwaye wenze isichumisi.
Kubalulekile ukuthobela urhulumente wokunkcenkceshela, njengokuba utyilisa ngokugqithiseleyo, amaqabunga emithi angatshintshela emacaleni aze afike kwangaphambili.
Ukubonakala kwamagqabi asomileyo atshabalalisa uthetha ukutshisa ilanga okanye ukutshala izilwanyana.
Ubuncipheko obuninzi kunye nezondlo zomhlaba, ukungabi nako ukukhanyisa ebusika kunye nokunisela ngamanzi abandayo kunye neengqungquthela zithathwa ngokulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kwamaqabunga.
Izinambuzane. Iinqununu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziyi-scabbards. Ngokubonakala kwabo bathetha i-plaque ebomvu phezu kwemigangatho kunye namaqabunga. Izikhuselo zondla kwi-cell sap yesityalo, ngelixa amaqabunga ebona, aphika aze awele.
Gcina umthi wesi-mandarin unokusitshiza ngokucacileyo kwityalo kunye nenambuzane. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isisombululo esingu-0.15% se-actinic (1-2 ml nge-1 ilitha yamanzi), i-decis okanye i-carbofos.
Ngeemeko zomoya oomileyo, i-spider mite ihlala kwii-interstic zesityalo. Iyakwazi ukumiselwa lula ngokufumaneka kwezichukumisi kule ndawo. Isityalo siba lukhuni, iziqhamo ziyawa ngaphambi kwexesha. Isisombululo esisebenzayo xa kunomonakalo omkhulu ukuphalaza ngesisombululo esingu-0.15% se-actinic. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinqanaba zokuqala zesifo, kunele ukuhlamba isityalo ngamanzi asepha.